中国汽车过剩寻求全球市场：4000万产能、123个品牌、只有2200万买家

中国汽车制造商生产的汽车数量是当地消费者能购买的汽车数量的两倍。那么为什么政府仍然补贴这个行业呢？

作者：塞巴斯蒂安·贝尔

2024 年 5 月 4 日 09:18https://www.carscoops.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ZEEKR-X-g65tfr-Copy-1024x576.jpg

• 中国汽车工业拥有每年生产4000万辆汽车的能力，大约是全国每年销量的两倍。
• 这导致其他国家考虑征收额外税收以保护本国汽车制造商，因为中国公司寻求出口。
• 与此同时，中国政府继续为该行业提供资金，以寻求就业机会和支持经济增长。

在中国，汽车制造商目前拥有每年生产约4000万辆汽车的产能，但中国消费者每年仅购买约2200万辆汽车。尽管存在这种差异，中国政府仍继续支持该行业的增长。

中国的产能过剩问题给老牌汽车制造商和推动新技术的公司的计划带来了影响。为内燃机汽车建造的生产线正在生产越来越不受消费者青睐的产品。

阅读：中国汽车制造商赚取利润，部分汽车向欧洲收取两倍以上的费用

与此同时，电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车等新能源汽车有可能吸收过剩产能，但由于更广泛的经济担忧，它们也面临着自身的阻力。

据《华尔街日报》报道，去年，123 个品牌在中国推出了至少一款电动车型。甚至像智多这样2019年破产的公司也被投资者起死回生。这使得电动汽车制造商陷入了一场恶性的价格战，因为他们试图赢得那些有太多选择的买家。

毫不奇怪，汽车制造商渴望开拓新市场，导致2020年至2023年间中国汽车出口量增长了五倍。其中许多成果是在俄罗斯取得的，在这个欧亚国家与乌克兰发生冲突导致美国及其盟国实施贸易禁运后，中国汽车制造商介入其中。https://www.carscoops.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2023-Zeekr-X-2-1024x576.jpg

中国汽车制造商也热衷于在海外销售电动汽车，这引起了西方竞争对手和政府的担忧。在美国，白宫正在考虑扩大关税以保护国内制造业，而欧盟正在调查中国的电动汽车补贴，并可能考虑采取类似措施。

这就引出了一个不可避免的问题：为什么中国要补贴一个已经面临产能过剩的行业。这与国家政府在全球舞台上支持其汽车制造商的愿望，以及在更广泛的经济挑战中支持经济增长和保留就业的努力有关。

政府的支持意味着即使是亏损的汽车制造商也可以继续生产更多的汽车。2023年，中国123家电动汽车生产商中只有四家销量超过40万辆——人们普遍认为这是汽车制造商在中国实现收支平衡所必须达到的数字。这些公司是比亚迪、特斯拉、Aion和五菱。

这导致一些中国官员呼吁汽车行业进行整合。但目前，国家政府的扩张思维依然盛行https://www.carscoops.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BYD-Atto-1024x683.jpg

标签 中国 电动汽车 欧洲 行业 生产 报告 俄罗斯 美国

原文

China’s Auto Glut Seeks Global Escape: 40M Capacity, 123 Brands, Only 22M Buyers

Chinese automakers produce twice as many vehicles as local consumers can buy. So why is the government still subsidizing the industry?
by Sebastien Bell

May 4, 2024 at 09:18

• China’s auto industry has the capacity to build 40 million vehicles per year, about twice as many as are sold in the nation each year.
• That has led to other countries considering imposing extra taxes to protect their own automakers as China’s companies look to exports.
• Meanwhile, the Chinese government continues to fund the industry, as it seeks to secure jobs and support economic growth.

Across China, automakers currently have the production capacity to build around 40 million vehicles per year, but consumers in the country only buy around 22 million cars annually. Despite this disparity, the Chinese government continues to support growth in the industry.

China’s overcapacity issue throws a wrench into the plans of both established automakers and those pushing new technologies. Production lines built for internal combustion vehicles are churning out products that are increasingly falling out of favor with consumers.

Read: Chinese Automakers Rake In Profits, Charging Europeans More Than Double For Some Cars

Meanwhile, new-energy vehicles like EVs and PHEVs, which could potentially absorb this excess capacity, are facing their own headwinds due to broader economic concerns.

Last year, 123 brands offered at least one electric model in China, reports the Wall Street Journal. And even companies like Zhido, which went under in 2019, are being brought back from the dead by investors. That has pushed EV makers into a vicious price war, as they try to win over buyers who are spoiled for choice.

Unsurprisingly, automakers are eager to explore new markets, leading to a quintupling of China’s auto exports between 2020 and 2023. Many of these gains were achieved in Russia, where Chinese automakers stepped in following the Eurasian nation’s conflict with Ukraine, which resulted in trade embargoes from the U.S. and its allies.

Chinese automakers are also keen to sell their EVs abroad, prompting concerns among Western competitors and governments alike. In the U.S., the White House is contemplating expanding tariffs to protect domestic manufacturing, while the European Union is investigating China’s EV subsidies and may contemplate similar measures.

That leads to the inevitable question of why China is subsidizing an industry that already faces overcapacity. This has to do with the national government’s desire to bolster its automakers on the global stage, as well as its efforts to support economic growth and preserve jobs amid wider economic challenges.

The government’s support means that even unprofitable automakers can continue to produce more vehicles. In 2023, just four of the nation’s 123 EV-producing automakers sold more than 400,000 vehicles — widely viewed as the number that must be reached for an automaker to break even in China. These companies are BYD, Tesla, Aion, and Wuling.

That has led some Chinese officials to call for consolidation in the automotive industry. However, for now, the expansion mindset espoused by the national government still prevails.