美国东部时间 2023 年9月 27 日上午 11：57

作者：丹·米哈拉斯库

欧盟最近对在欧洲销售的中国电动汽车展开了反补贴调查，欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩（Ursula von der Leyen）认为，通过“巨额国家补贴”实现“人为压低”价格的中国电动汽车正在扰乱欧盟市场。

作为回应，中国商务部将调查描述为“保护主义”，并补充说，中国电动汽车的竞争优势不是由于补贴。承诺“坚决维护中国企业的合法权益”，一些分析人士将其解读为报复威胁。

事实证明，中国汽车制造商并不是欧盟目标上的唯一一家——据报道，其他利用中国国家补贴在中国制造电动汽车的国际制造商也处于欧盟的靶标之上。

彭博社报道称，特斯拉被列入对从中国涌入欧盟市场的电动汽车的调查，据说该名单还包括宝马、雷诺等。

该报告援引知情人士的话指出，这家美国汽车制造商是在调查证据收集期间被发现可能受益于中国政府补贴的公司之一。

调查将试图确定中国是否补贴了特斯拉和包括比亚迪、上汽集团和蔚来汽车在内的国内制造商，以及在多大程度上补贴了特斯拉。不愿透露姓名的消息人士称，欧盟随后将采取任何必要的对策，为其汽车行业创造公平的竞争环境。

特斯拉于2020年底开始向欧洲出口其上海工厂生产的Model 3轿车，距离该工厂开始生产不到一年，该工厂通常将其称为其主要汽车出口中心。在Giga Berlin开始生产之前，特斯拉还从中国进口了Model Y电动汽车。

根据施密特汽车研究公司的数据，在 2023 年的前七个月，特斯拉在西欧销售了约 93,700 辆中国制造的汽车，约占其在该地区总交付量的 47%。上汽集团的MG品牌是中国向欧洲出口电动汽车的第二大出口商，注册量约为57,500辆。

毋庸置疑，如果发现特斯拉受益于中国的国家补贴，而欧盟最终对其车辆征收关税，这对这家美国公司来说将是一个重大打击，根据JATO Dynamics的数据，该公司是2023年上半年欧洲最畅销的电动汽车品牌，注册量为185,238辆。

与其他外国汽车制造商相比，特斯拉在中国享有优惠待遇，最引人注目的是国家允许全资拥有其国内业务，而不必与当地合作伙伴建立合资企业。特斯拉还受益于税收减免、廉价贷款和其他形式的援助。

来源：彭博社

原文如下

Tesla Reportedly Part Of EU Probe Into China-Made EV Imports

Tesla currently exports the Shanghai-built Model 3 to Europe and sold 93,700 China-made EVs in the region from January through July.

Sep 27, 2023 at 11:57am ET

By: Dan Mihalascu

The European Union recently opened an anti-subsidy probe into Chinese EVs sold in Europe, with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen arguing that Chinese EVs with "artificially low" prices enabled by "huge state subsidies" are distorting the EU market.

In response, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce described the investigation as "protectionist," adding that the competitive advantage of Chinese EVs is not due to subsidies. The ministry pledged to "firmly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies," with some analysts interpreting that as a retaliation threat.

As it turns out, Chinese automakers are not the only ones on the EU's radar – other international manufacturers that build EVs in China using Chinese state subsidies are reportedly also in its crosshairs.

Bloomberg reports that Tesla is included in the investigation on EVs flooding the EU market from China, with the list also said to include BMW, Renault, and others.

Citing people familiar with the matter, the report notes that the US carmaker was among the companies found to have likely benefited from Chinese state subsidies during the evidence-gathering for the probe.

The investigation will seek to determine whether China has subsidized Tesla and domestic manufacturers including BYD, SAIC Motor, and Nio – and to which degree. The unnamed sources said the EU will then take any necessary countermeasures to level the playing field for its auto industry.

Tesla started exporting Model 3 sedans made at its Shanghai plant to Europe in late 2020, less than a year after starting production at the site, which it often refers to as its primary vehicle export hub. Before starting production at Giga Berlin, Tesla also imported Model Y EVs from China.

In the first seven months of 2023, Tesla sold approximately 93,700 made-in-China vehicles across Western Europe, making up roughly 47 percent of its total deliveries in the region, according to Schmidt Automotive Research. SAIC Motor's MG brand was the next biggest exporter of EVs from China to Europe with approximately 57,500 registrations.

Needless to say, if Tesla is found to have benefited from Chinese state subsidies and the EU ends up imposing tariffs on its vehicles, it would be a significant blow for the US company, which was the top-selling EV brand in Europe in the first half of 2023 with 185,238 registrations according to JATO Dynamics. 

Tesla has enjoyed preferential treatment in China compared to other foreign automakers, with the most notable being the state's permission to wholly own its domestic operations, rather than having to set up a joint venture with a local partner. Tesla has also benefited from tax breaks, cheap loans and other forms of assistance.