世界标准时间 2023 年 7 月 7 日 11:11

作者：克里斯蒂安·阿加蒂 

来自中国的报道显示，特斯拉正在解雇上海超级工厂电池组装配线上的一半工人。此举可能是由生产策略的变化引发的，因为特斯拉将更多地依赖供应商提供完整的电池组，而不仅仅是电池。此举反映了特斯拉为准备升级后的 Model 3 投产而采取的成本削减措施。

特斯拉即将在上海超级工厂开始生产升级后的 Model 3（Project Highland），并对生产线进行重大改造。最剧烈的变化可能影响第一阶段的电池生产线，其中一半员工已收到裁员通知。特斯拉最近停止了一期电池生产线的生产，这是上海超级工厂的第一座电池生产设施。

特斯拉在上海超级工厂还运营着另外两条生产线，即二期和2.2期，后者将取代老化的一期。一期电池线的关闭反映了自动化水平较低和产能有限。特斯拉预计最先进的 2.2 阶段将取代并超越 1 阶段的生产。仅二期的产能就达到每天3400个电池组，对于目前的生产水平来说绰绰有余。

特斯拉还将更多地依赖第三方供应商提供完整的电池组，而不仅仅是单个电池。随着特斯拉改变升级版 Model 3 的生产策略，这将使电池生产线变得过时。特斯拉的供应商宁德时代正在上海超级工厂外设立电池工厂，并将向特斯拉提供完整的 CTP 结构电池组，用于 Model 3 Highland项目。

华文媒体有报道称，宁德时代将向特斯拉供应更新的 M3P 化学物质，这是一种先进的 LMFP 电池配方。在 M3P 电池中，铁富含镁、锌和铝等多种材料。这使得新电池比 LMFP 电池具有更高的能量密度和更长的生命周期。价格仍然低于相应的 NMC 电池，正如宁德时代去年发布 M3P 电池时所说，它提供了两全其美的优势。

据此前报道，特斯拉将在升级后的 Model 3 RWD 车型上使用宁德时代的 M3P 电池。电池容量增加 10%，从 60 kWh增加到 66 kWh。这些电池组未来也可用于 Model Y RWD 生产。转向新的电池化学成分需要对电池管理系统（BMS）设计进行重大改变，这解释了为什么特斯拉更喜欢在车型切换窗口期间这样做。这也是这家电动汽车制造商让宁德时代供应整个电池组的一个很好的理由，因为这家中国公司最了解其新电池的需求。

原文

Tesla Changes Battery Production Strategy at Giga Shanghai for the Refreshed Model 3

Published: 7 Jul 2023, 11:11 UTC • By:

Cristian Agatie

Reports from China show that Tesla is laying off half of the workers on the battery pack assembly line at Giga Shanghai. The move may have been triggered by a change in production strategy, as Tesla will rely more on suppliers to provide complete battery packs instead of just battery cells. The move reflects the cost-cutting measures Tesla made in preparation for the refreshed Model 3 production start.

Tesla will soon start production of the refreshed Model 3 (Project Highland) at Giga Shanghai and is making significant changes to the production lines. Probably the most drastic change affects the Phase 1 battery line, where half the employee have been notified about layoffs. Tesla recently stopped production at the Phase 1 battery line, which was the first battery production facility at Giga Shanghai.
Tesla operates two other production lines at Giga Shanghai, Phase 2 and Phase 2.2, with the latter set to replace the aging Phase 1. The closing of the Phase 1 battery line reflects the low level of automation and limited production capacity. Tesla expects the state-of-the-art Phase 2.2 to take over and surpass Phase 1 production. Phase 2 alone has a production capacity of 3,400 battery packs per day, more than enough for the current production levels.
Tesla will also rely more on third-party suppliers to provide complete battery packs instead of just individual cells. This would make battery production lines obsolete as Tesla changes the production strategy for the refreshed Model 3. Tesla's supplier CATL is setting up a battery factory outside Giga Shanghai and will provide complete CTP structural battery packs to Tesla for use in the Project Highland Model 3.
Chinese media reports indicated that CATL would supply the newer M3P chemistry to Tesla, an advanced LMFP cell formula. In the M3P cells, the iron is enriched with a mix of materials that include magnesium, zinc, and aluminum. This gives the new cells a higher energy density than LMFP cells and a longer lifecycle. The price is still lower than the corresponding NMC cells, offering the best of both worlds, as CATL said when they announced the M3P cells last year.
According to previous reports, Tesla will use CATL's M3P batteries for the refreshed Model 3 RWD variant. The battery capacity increases by 10 percent, from 60 to 66 kWh. These battery packs could also be used for Model Y RWD production in the future. The switch to new battery chemistry requires a significant change in the battery management system (BMS) design, which explains why Tesla prefers to do it during the model switch window. It's also a good reason why the EV maker let CATL supply the entire pack, as the Chinese company knows best what its new cells need.