测试显示，各种电动汽车在低温下续航里程范围减少百分之二十

insideevs.com

有许多变量会影响电动汽车的续航里程范围，气温和天气条件是最明显的。

Autocar 在冬季和夏季的条件下测试了许多电动汽车，以了解在低温时汽车可能会损失多少续航里程范围。然而，遗憾的是，虽然能够在温暖和寒冷的温度下测试四款相同的车型，但其他车辆只在冬季进行测试，然后将实际的冬季范围与他们的官方WLTP评级范围进行比较。

四辆相同车型的结果显示，续航里程损失高达20%，其中保时捷Taycan的损失最大，菲亚特500e最小。

Autocar 指出，测试是在一个闭环环境中完成的。他们使用了一条15英里的路线，带有2.6英里的走走停停的交通模拟。然后，赛车以每小时50英里的速度行驶了4英里，以每小时70英里的速度行驶了8英里。同样，这并不是一个真实世界的从全到空的范围测试，但它至少给人们描绘了一幅在低温下明显损失的画面。以下细节直接来自于美国Autocar 的研究：

电池尺寸：83.7kWh；夏季范围：281英里；冬季范围：224英里；差异：20.10%。

电池尺寸：88.0kWh；夏季范围：302英里；冬季范围：247英里；差异：18.00%。

电池尺寸：58.0kWh；夏季范围：207英里；冬季范围：174英里；差异：15.70%。

电池尺寸：37.3kWh；夏季范围：140英里；冬季范围：118英里；差异：15.20%。

Autocar接着说，里程测试也强调了热泵对应对寒冷天气的里程损失的重要性。与WLTP估计的范围相比，带有热泵的车型的平均冬季范围损失约为25%。与此同时，那些没有热泵的平均损失了约34%。

Autocar列出了一系列有和没有热泵的车型，所以一定要访问下面的链接来查看。我们列出了下面的几个问题来进行比较：

可用电池尺寸：37.3kWh；热泵：否；官方(WLTP)范围：198英里；冬季试验范围：118英里；不足：40.00%。

可用电池尺寸：88.0kWh；热泵：否；官方(WLTP)范围：379英里；冬季试验范围：247英里；不足：34.60%。

可用电池尺寸：72.5千瓦时；热泵：是，官方(WLTP)范围328英里；冬季试验范围228英里，不足30.40%。

可用电池尺寸：75.0千瓦时；热泵：是，官方(WLTP)范围331英里；冬季试验范围247英里，不足25.20%。

可用电池尺寸：83.7千瓦时；热泵：是的；官方(WLTP)续航里程：287英里；冬季试验范围：224英里；不足：21.80%。

EV Range Test Of Various Models Shows Up To 20% Drop In Cold Temps

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Electric vehicle range is still something that potential EV owners, and even existing owners, pay particular attention to. We've told you on numerous occasions that there are a plethora of variables that impact an EV's range, though temperature and weather conditions are the most obvious.

Autocar range-tested numerous EVs in both winter and summer conditions to learn how much real-world range the cars may lose when it's cold. However, sadly, while the publication was able to test four identical cars in both warm and cold temps, the other vehicles were only tested in the winter, and the real-world winter range was then compared to their official WLTP-rated range where available.

Still, while the study isn't consistent across all models tested, it gives us at least some indication of range loss across the board. The results of the four identical models tested during both seasons reveal a range loss of up to 20 percent, with the Porsche Taycan suffering the most, and the Fiat 500e suffering the least.

The publication notes that the tests were performed on a closed loop. They used a 15-mile route with 2.6 miles of stop-and-go traffic simulation. Then, the drive proceeded for 4 miles at 50 mph and 8 miles at 70 mph. Again, not a true real-world range test from full until empty, but it at least paints people a picture of the obvious loss in cold temperatures. The following details come directly from Autocar's study:

Battery size: 83.7kWh; Summer range: 281 miles; Winter range: 224 miles; Difference: 20.10%.

Battery size: 88.0kWh; Summer range: 302 miles; Winter range: 247 miles; Difference: 18.00%.

Battery size: 58.0kWh; Summer range: 207 miles; Winter range: 174 miles; Difference: 15.70%.

Battery size: 37.3kWh; Summer range: 140 miles; Winter range: 118 miles; Difference: 15.20%.

Autocar goes on to say that the range tests also emphasized the importance of a heat pump for dealing with cold-weather range loss. Models with a heat pump had an average winter range loss of about 25% compared to their WLTP-estimated range. Meanwhile, those without a heat pump lost an average of around 34%.

The publication lists a whole host of models with and without heat pumps, so be sure to visit the source link below to see them all. We've listed several below for comparison:

Usable battery size: 37.3kWh; Heat pump: No; Official (WLTP) range: 198 miles; Winter test range: 118 miles; Shortfall: 40.00%.

Usable battery size: 88.0kWh; Heat pump: No; Official (WLTP) range: 379 miles; Winter test range: 247 miles; Shortfall: 34.60%.

Usable battery size: 72.5kWh; Heat pump: Yes; Official (WLTP) range: 328 miles; Winter test range: 228 miles; Shortfall: 30.40%.

Usable battery size: 75.0kWh; Heat pump: Yes; Official (WLTP) range: 331 miles; Winter test range: 247 miles; Shortfall: 25.20%.

Usable battery size: 83.7kWh; Heat pump: Yes; Official (WLTP) range: 287 miles; Winter test range: 224 miles; Shortfall: 21.80%.

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We've included our own Porsche Taycan 4S cold weather range test below. Check it out, as well as the original Autocar source. Then, share your takeaways with us in the comment section below.