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郭老师讲语法——指示代词专讲

指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个/些”、“那个/些”。

一、常见的指示代词

二、指示代词的句法功能及作用

1. 指示代词在句中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等成分。例如：

       This is a good idea. 这是个好主意。(作主语)

       Those are for you. 那些是给你的。(作主语)

       Such is the way to work out the problem. 这就是解决这个难题的方法。(作主语)

       What is the use of those books? 那些书是做什么用的？(作定语)

       Put these bags in the corner. 把这些袋子放在角落里。(作定语)

       I have never seen such a clever child before. 我以前从未见过这么聪明的孩子。(作定语)

       Those two dresses are the same. 那两件裙子是一样的。(作表语)

       What I want is that. 我想要的是那个。(作表语)

       She likes painting, but I don’t like that. 她喜欢画画，但我不喜欢。(作动词宾语)

       Don’t tell her about that. 别把那件事告诉她。(作介词宾语)

2. this, these, that, those的用法区别

       ①this和these是近指代词，指时间或空间较近的人或事物；that和those是远指代词，指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。例如：

       This present is for her and that one is yours. 这个礼物是给她的，那个是你的。

       I don’t like these books. Could you please show me those ones? 我不喜欢这些书。能不能把那些把给我看一看？

【考点例证：山西中考】

       —Look! What’s ________ in the sky? 看！空中的那个是什么？

—It looks like a kite. 看起来像一个风筝。

②that, those常常用来代替上文已经提到过的名词，以避免重复。that特指同名异物的不可数名词或可数名词单数，只能指物；those特指同名异物的可数名词复数，可指人也可指物。this, these没有这种用法。例如：

       The weather of China is quite similar to that of the US. 中国的天气和美国的很相似。(that代替the weather)

       The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. 你买的这把伞比我买的那把便宜。(that代替the umbrella)

       The computers made in China are as good as those made in Germany. 中国产的电脑和德国产的一样好。(those代替the computers)

【考点例证：宁夏中考】

       Things made by hand are usually more expensive than ________ produced in factories. 手工制品通常比那些工厂生产的更贵。

       ③that指刚提到过的事情或已经完成的事情；this指即将要发生或将要提到的事情。例如：

       When she got home, she had a short rest and a glass of milk. After that she did her homework. 代价后，她稍微休息了一会儿，喝了杯牛奶，然后做作业。(that指上文中已经完成的事情)

       They played like this: six students stand in a row in front of the class. 他们这样做这个游戏：六名学生在同学们的前面站成一排。(this指下文要提到的事情)

       ④打电话时，常用this介绍自己；用that询问对方。例如：

       Hello. This is John Scott. Who is that speaking? 喂，我是约翰·斯科特。你是哪位？

3. such的用法

       指示代词such具有名词和形容词性质，意思是“这样的”。

①such相当于名词时，多作主语，也可作宾语和表语；可以是单数，也可以是复数。此时，such常单独使用，指如前所述的这样的人或事物。有时such之后可以加一个as，用以引出哪一类。例如：

       Such was what he wanted to tell me. 这就是他想告诉我的。(不可数，作主语)

       The movies were such as I never saw before. 这些是我从未看过的电影。(复数，作表语)

       ②such相当于形容词时，多作定语，修饰不可数名词或可数名词的单数或复数，修饰单数可数名词时，其后要加不定冠词a或者an。例如：

       I had never seen such trouble. 我从没遇见过这种麻烦。(不可数名词)

       I have never seen such a kind person. 我从未见过这么好心的人。(单数可数名词)

4. same的用法

       指示代词same具有名词和形容词性质，意思是“同样的”，常与定冠词the连用。same表示刚刚提到过的同一个或同样的人或事物。

       ①same相当于名词时，在句中作主语、宾语和表语等。可以是单数，也可以是复数。例如：

       The same is the case with me. 我的情况也一样。(作主语)

       We must all say the same. 我们必须都说同样的话。(作宾语)

       It’s all the same to me. 对我都一样。(作表语)

       ②same相当于形容词时，在句中作定语。例如：

       The twins are in the same class. 这对双胞胎在同一个班。(作定语)

       Both of us were from the same school. 我们两个来自于同一所学校。

       ③the same常与as, that连用。例如：

       Asians are not the same as Africans. 亚洲人和非洲人是不一样的。

       He lives in the same city that I live in. 他和我住在同一个城市。

相关练习：英汉互译

1. 你必须要相信你自己。那就是成功的秘诀。

   _____________________________________________________________________________

2. 要记住这一点：错误犯的越多，进步就越大。

   _____________________________________________________________________________

3. 中国的人口多于世界上任何其他国家的人口。

   _____________________________________________________________________________

4. 夏天的白天比冬天的长。

   _____________________________________________________________________________

5. 那些照片是在长城上拍的。

   _____________________________________________________________________________

6. 你经常做这样的事情吗？

   _____________________________________________________________________________

7. The damage was such that it would cost thousands to repair.

   _____________________________________________________________________________

8. The same is the thing that happened tome.

   _____________________________________________________________________________

9. The beautiful scenery remains much the same in many areas in China.

   _____________________________________________________________________________

10. He liked those who looked beautiful.

   _____________________________________________________________________________

11. There is nothing new of that.

   _____________________________________________________________________________

12. I was ill, that’s why I missed the meeting.

   _____________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

 

【考点例证：山西中考】that

 

【考点例证：宁夏中考】those

相关练习：英汉互译

1. You have to / must believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success.

2. Keep this in mind: The more mistakes you make, the greater progress you will make.

3. The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.

4. The days in summer are longer than those in winter.

5. Those photos were taken on the Great Wall.

6. Do you often do such a thing / things?

7. 损坏严重，要修好就得花几千块钱。

8. 我也遭遇过同样的事情。

9. 中国的许多地区也同样美丽的风景。

10. 他喜欢那些外表漂亮的人。

11. 那没什么新鲜的。

12. 我病了，这就是我为什么没参加会议的原因。