语法专讲

巧记一， 二，三，轻松学被动

 

被动语态是历年来中考的考点之一。在学习被动语态时，一定要彻底地弄明白，搞清楚。再认真审题，相信能够百战百胜。那么，如何更容易地了解和掌握被动语态呢？请牢记“一变二套三注意”。

 

一变

变主动为被动或变被动为主动时 ，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成“be + 过去分词”。如：We grew a tree yesterday. →A tree was grown yesterday by us.

 

二套

被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/ is/ are（一般现在时）；was/ were （一般过去时）；have/ has been( 现在完成时)；am/ is/are being （现在进行时）等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。

例如：The flowers are being watered by them. 他们正在浇花。

The plan has been found by me. 钢笔已经被我找到了。

Homework must be finished first. 必须要先完成作业。

 

三注意

① 句中含有双宾语如give/ buy sb sth 时，一般要把间接宾语（sb）变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的介词有give, show, pass, hand, lend, send 等；常用介词for 的动词有borrow, buy, make 等。

如：The eraser was passed to me at last. 最后，橡皮被传递给了我。

A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.

他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。

② 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有listen to, take care of, pay attention to 等。

如： We often talk with the old politely. 

  →The old are often talked with politely by us.

③ 主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，变被动时要加上to.常见的词组有hear/ see sb do sth,  make sb do sth 等。

如：we make the boy stand outside.

       →The boy was made to stand by us.

 

被动语态专练场

主动被动互变

1. People speak English in many countries.

  ________________________________________

2. The bike is being repaired.   (A worker)

  ________________________________________

3. He taught me Chinese last term.

  ________________________________________

4. The reading – room must be kept clean.

  ________________________________________

5. Mum will buy me a T – shirt tomorrow.

  ________________________________________

6. She was seen reading a book.  (I)

  ________________________________________

7. They let the dog go.

  ________________________________________

8. The books have been taken from the library.  (The little boy)

  ________________________________________

眼明手快单词变形

9. Look! The students ___________ the street.  ( cross )

10. Listen! A girl is heard __________ in the next room.  ( sing )

11. The 29^th Olympics __________in Beijing next year.   ( will hold )

12. I think he __________ this work tomorrow morning.  ( finish )

13. This building _________in zoo.  ( build )

14. Do you know who ___________the telephone?  ( invent )

15. They told me __________earlier tomorrow.  ( come )

16. The boy is often seen __________ baseball by us.  ( play )

单项选的就是你

（   ）17. She was seen ______ at this time yesterday.

         A. dance   B. dancing   C. danced   D. to dance

（   ）18. The meeting ______ at 4 this afternoon.

         A. began   B. will begin   C. is begun   D. will be begin

（   ）19. The man ______for more than ten hours a day.

         A. made to work   B. was made working  C. was made work  D. was made to work

（   ）20. The teacher must ______ carefully in class.

         A. listen   B. be listened   C. be listened to   D. be listening

（   ）21. A lot of tall buildings ________in our city last year.

         A. are built   B. was built   C. were built   D. can be built

（   ）22. Our classroom is clean and tidy. It ________every day.

         A. is cleaned   B. is cleaning   C. cleans   D. cleaned

（   ）23. How long may this book ________?

         A. be keeping   B. kept   C. be kept   D. is kept

（   ）24. When your homework _______, please hand it in.

         A. did   B. do   C. done   D. is done 

 

参考答案 

被动语态专练

1.       English is spoken in many countries ( by people ).

2.       A worker is repairing the bike

3. Chinese was taught to me by him last term.

4. The students must keep the reading – room clean.

5. I will be bought a T – shirt by Mum tomorrow.

/ A T– shirt will be bought for me by Mum tomorrow.

6. I saw her reading a book.

7. The boy is let to go by them.

8. The little boy has taken the books away from the library.

9. are crossing   10. singing   11.will be held  12. will / can finish

13. was built  14. invented   15. to come  16. to play

17–20 BBDC   21–24 CACD