四、插入语

英语句子中（尤其在口语中）常插入一些单词、短语或者句子，用来补充某些含义。语法上称他们为“插入语”。

（一）插入语的类型：

1、单词（多是副词），如：besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though等。

e.g. She is looking fit, though. 他看起来倒是健康。

I can, however, discuss this when I see you.

2、短语

e.g. China and India, for example, are neighbours.

By the way, where are you from?

3、句子

e.g. He is an honest man, I believe.

Jack, as far as I know, isn’t clever.

（二）插入语的位置

通常插入语位于句中，并用逗号隔开。但有时，也可位于句首或句末（见上面例句）。也有时，并不用逗号隔开。

e.g. You know that I think you are wrong. 我认为，你明白你错了。

What on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？

（三）插入语在句中的作用

一般来说，插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去，句子的含义不大受影响。但是，有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。

e.g. He got the news from nobody knows where. 他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。

（四）插入语的特殊用法

下面这种复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为包含有“插入语”。这种疑问句（有的语法书也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”）常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说过的话。口语中出现频率极高。常用动词有say, suppose, guess, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。

e.g. How long did you say she would stay here?

When do you suppose they’ll be back?

How old did you think she was

（五）大纲中要求掌握的常用作插入语的词语

by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下；so far 到目前为止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足为奇；as a matter of fact 事实上；come along 快点，来吧；in other words 换句话说；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，结果。

英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。

（一）倒装句的意义

1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。

e.g. May I come in?

Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927?

2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。

e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.

So early did he come to school that no other students came.

（二）倒装的使用情况

1、there be或there + 其他连系动词                        

There stands a weather station at the top of the hill.

E.g. there may be, there can be, there must be, there seems to be, there appears to be, there happened to be, there exist, there stand, there remain……

2、省略if的虚拟条件句中的倒装：（详见“虚拟语气”）        

Were it fine tomorrow, we would go on a picnic.

3、在以here, there, now, then等引导的句中，谓语是be, come, go等动词：

打铃了There goes the bell.   现在轮到你啦Now comes your turn.     ***There he comes.      Here they are.

4、在so, nor, neither开头的句中：

If you won’t go, neither will I.                         

I went to a movie last night. So did my sister and brother.        

5、“only + 状语”用于句首表示强调，要用倒装：                

Only in this way can you solve this problem. 

6、含有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，充当状语时，用倒装：

never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，not until，by no means，in no time，under no circumstances,

not only…（but also），neither…（nor），no sooner…（than），hardly…（when）

Never shall I forget this lesson.                                     

In no case will he give up the experiment.

7、as, be引导的让步状语从句(尽管…)，用倒装句：

Tired as he was, he continued to work.                       

Try as he might, he could not fulfil the task alone.

8、当so（such）…that结构中的so，such用于句首加强语气时，用倒装：

So angry was he (=he was so angry) that he couldn’t speak.

To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his.

9、有时，在in, out, away, up, down, off等副词开头的句中用倒装：      Away they went.       In she came.

Following a roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.

10、比较状语从句和其他比较结构中，常用倒装：

He traveled a great deal as did most of his friends.他到过很多地方旅行，他的多数朋友也是这样。