简单句的六种结构
(2009-10-16 17:35:45)
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杂谈 |
英语的句子6种基本结构
1.主语+系动词+表语(A is B.)
[例句] 哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。
Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语(A does B.)
[例句]这些传统,对今天中国人的价值观念、生活方式和中国的发展道路,具有深刻的影响。
These traditions have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China’s road of development today.
3.主语+不及物动词(A leaves.)
[例句]1847年,中国最早的一批留美学生容闳等人赴美求学。
In 1847, Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States as the first group of Chinese students to study here.
4.主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物)(A gives B something.)
[例句]昨天,我参观了国际商用机器公司、美国电话电报公司和贝尔实验室,领略了当代科技发展的前沿成就。
My visit to IBM, AT&T and the Bell laboratory yesterday gave me some first-hand knowledge of the latest successes in modern science and technology.
5.主语+及物动词+复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)(A tells B to do something)
[例句]今天,正在为实现现代化而奋斗的中国人民,把对外开放作为一项基本国策。
Today, the Chinese people who are struggling to achieve modernization have made the opening-up a basic state policy.
6.There+系动词+主语(There is a man.)
[例句]在自由市场经济国家企业类型有多种多样。
There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy.
英语语句基本结构分析
(一)主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America. He made a
speech.
To be a teacher is my dream.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out;
表来、去,如:come, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。
eg:I will do it tomorrow.
I like to swim this afternoon.
(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have
been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear,
see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词(1)当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: He became a teacher at
last.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好。 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
I feel good.我感觉好。
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。