形容词的三个级
(2012-04-16 18:19:43)
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宋体例如形容词比较级重读闭音节双音节教育 |
形容词的三个级
大多数形容词(主要指描述形容词)有三个级:原级、比较级和最高级。原级即原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
一.形容词比较级和最高级的变化
1.规则变化五种
1). 一般单音节和少数双音节词词尾加-er, -est。例如:
tall, taller, tallest; long, longer, longest.
large, larger, largest; wide, wider, widest;
3). 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写该辅音字母再加-er,-est。例如:
big, bigger, biggest; hot,
hotter, hottest.
easy, easier, easiest;
5). 多音节和部分双音节词加more,most。例如:
important,more important,most important;
common, more common, most common.
2.不规则变化三组
1). little,less,least;
2). good/well,better,best;
bad/ill/badly, worse, worst;
much/many,more,most;
far,farther/further,farthest/furthest.
二.比较级的句型
Your room is almost as large as ours.你的房间几乎跟我的一样大。
Your room is not as/so large as ours.你的房间没有我的大。
She is as outgoing as her brother in character.在性格上她和她弟弟一样开朗。
Nothing is so importang as life-time studies for a person.对一个人来讲什么都没有终身学习更重要。
2.一方超过另一方,用“比较级十than”的结构表示。例如:
3.一方不及另一方,用“less十原级十than”的结构表示。例如:
4.表示倍数的三种句型:
2). A is X times as big(high,long,wide,etc.)
as B.例如:
The lotal output is double that of last year.(= The lotal output is twice as much as that of last year.)总产量是去年的两倍。
三. 最高级的句型
1.最高级用“ the十最高级”of…/in…的结构。最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较。例如:
Tom is the tallest boy of the three. 汤姆是三个男孩中个子最高的。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.上海是中国最大城市之一。
This is the biggest apple I have ever met. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。
2.最高级可被序数词以及
much,by
far,nearly,almost,by
no means,not
quite,not
really,nothing like等词语所修饰。例如:
This hat is by far the most
expensive.这个最值钱。
3.
形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语时,被修饰的词往往省略。例如:
It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。
I cannot do it;it's most difficult.我干不了这件事,太难了。
1. 注意比较级的排他性。比较级中的两个比较对象如果在同一范围内,必须加排除词other,else。范围内加any other,范围外加any. 最高级不具排他性。例如:
He is taller than any other boy in his class. 他比班上任何男孩都高。(范围内)
He is taller than anybody else in his class.他比班上任何人都高。(范围内)
He is the tallest student in his class.他是班上个子最高的学生。
Canada is larger than any country in Africa.加拿大比非洲任何一个国家都大。(范围外)
2. 表示“两者中比较……的一个”,要用( the+比较级+ of the two)的句式。例如:
English is the easier language of the two.英语是这两种语言中较容易的一种。
She is the taller of the two sisters.她是两姐妹中个子较高的那一个。
Which is the larger of the two countries, Canada and Australia?,这两个国家中那一个国家更大,加拿大还是澳大利亚?
比较:Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,形容词要用比较级形式,无中心词时不用定冠词。例如:
Who is taller, Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
4.表示一方随另一方的程度变化而变化时,用“the十比较级(主语十谓语),the十比较级(主语十谓语)”的结构。例如:
5.不与其它事物相比,
表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级十and十比较级”的结构。例如:
6.以-or结尾的形容词(inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior等)本身就含有比较级意思,不能再加词尾,且用to代替than。例如:
另外,表示“最高程度”的形容词,如 excellent,extreme,perfect,all等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。例如:
Everything is perfect.一切都很完美。
7.为了避免重复,我们通常用
that,one等代词代替前面出现的名词。
That特指事物,可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词;而one泛指人或物,只能代替可数名词,特指时其前加定冠词the。those,
ones为其复数形式。例如:
A box made of iron is stronger than one(a box) made of wood.铁盒子比木盒子结实些。
The climate here is better than that there.这儿的气候比那儿的气候好。(climate是不可数名词,不能用the one)
These countries are richer than those.这些国家比哪些国家富裕。
8.比较必须在同类事物之间进行。例如:
My pen is newer than yours.我的钢笔比你的钢笔新。
The weather of Hefei is better than that of Beijing.合肥的天气比北京的天气好
9.even,still,much,far,rather, yet,a lot,a bit,a little,by far, six times, 32%, one-fifth 等修饰比较级,作程度状语。by far通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,在前面时,应在二者中间加“ the”。例如:
He is taller by far than his elder brother.他比他的哥哥高得多。
He is by far the taller than his elder brother.
10."否定词语+比较级"表示最高级含义。例如:
Nothing is so easy as this.(=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.) 这事最容易。
11. 比较级与最高级的转换句型
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.(=Mike is the most intelligent in his class. )迈克是班上最聪明的学生。
12.有时还可以省去与主句相同的句子成分。例如:
She is better than she was(good)yesterday.她比昨天好些了.
The novel is more interesting than that one (is interesting). 这本小说比那本书更有趣。
另外,副词比较级的情况基本相同,作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如:
He walked faster than I did.他走得比我快。
Please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来。
He works even harder than before.他工作比过去更努力了。
The girl ran more and more slowly.这个女孩跑的越来越慢。
The harder you work,the happier he feels.你越努力,他越高兴。
It rains less heavily today than it did yesterday.今天的雨没有昨天下的大。
She studies the hardest in her class.她是班上最努力的学生。
0f all the boys he came (the) earliest.在三个男孩中他来得最迟。