初中英语代词情态动词总结及练习题
(2011-07-26 16:32:31)
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情态动词
专题:情态动词
(一)情态动词的定义
(二)情态动词的特点
(三)情态动词的分类和意义
意义
情态动词
(四)情态动词的基本用法
1. can (could)
1)表示能力,could主要指过去时间。
Two eyes can see more than one.
Could the girl read she went to
school?
2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。
The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below
freezing.
气温可降至—60℃,也就是零下60℃。
He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new
car.
You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You
could start a fire.
在林子里走时勿吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。
3)表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new
pen?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the
reading-room.
他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
Where can (could) they have gone
to?
He can’t (couldn’t) be over
sixty.
How can you be so careless?
5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand?
I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer
today.
2. may (might)
1)表允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like.
He told me that I might smoke in the
room.
May (Might) I ask for photo your
baby?
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly.
/ Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you
mustn’t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。
2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。
He may be at home.
She may not know about it.
He was afraid they might not agree with
him.
They might be having a meeting, but I’m not
sure.
3. must
1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。
We must do everything step by
step.
You mustn’t talk to her like
that.
--Must we hand in our exercise—books
now?
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have
to.
2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so
pale.
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of
money.
4. shall
1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get some tea?
Shall the boy wait
outside?
What shall we do this evening?
2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say.
You shall have my answer
tomorrow.
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell
you.
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the
plan.
5. will
1)表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you.
None is so blind as those who won’t
see.
If you will read the这本书,我会把它借给你。
2)表请求,用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit
cold.
Won’t you drink some more
coffee?
3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water.
The door won’t open.
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go
by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点,看着车辆行人通过。
6. should
1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your
teachers.
You shouldn’t waste any time.
2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class
actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now.
7.would
1)表意
I said I would do anything for
you.
2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of
beer?
Would you mind cleaning the
window?
They wouldn’t have anything against
it.
3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for
help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
8. ought to
1)表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of
him.
You oughtn’t to smoke so much.
2)表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone
number.
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day
tomorrow.
9. used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the
city.他过去住在乡下,现在住在城里。
There used to be a building at the street corner,
bn.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。
I usedn’t (didn’t use) to
smoke.
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on
foot?
(一)need和dare的用法
1.用作情态动词
--Need I come?
You needn’t telephone him now.
I don’t think you need worry.
She dare not go out alone at
night.
How dare you say I’m unfair?
Not one of them dared mention
this.
2.用作实义动词
You don’t need to do it
yourself.
We need to tell them the news.
The table needs painting (to be
painted.).
We should dare to give our own
opinion.
He did not dare (to) look up.
I dare day he’ll come again.
(I dare say…为固定习语)
(二)情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。
He isn’t here. He must have missed the
train.
Where can (could) he gone?
You may (might) have read about
it.
You could (might) have been more
careful.
He needn’t have worried it.
There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ought to have
come, but why didn't you?
昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来,为何不来呢?
2. 情态动词后跟进行式,表示“想必正在……”,“可能正在……”,“应当正在”等意。
It’s twelve o’clock. They must having
lunch.
They may be discussing problem.
He can’t be telling the truth.
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so
weak.
(三)几组词的辨异
1. can 和be able to
1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多种时态形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was
5.
玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
2)用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was∕were able
to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。
He couldm across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it
that day.
他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy
rain.
2. must和 have to
must表示主观意志,而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式,除在间接引语中可用把一切准备就绪。
3. would和used to
1)used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,而would只表过去的情况。
People used to think that the earth was flat.
过去人们认为地球是平的。(现在人们不这么认为。)
She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the
country.
在乡下时,她总是在早晨去散会儿步。(可能现在仍有散步的习惯。)
2)used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况,而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
He used to ∕would smoke while
writing.
She used to be fat.
1. I __________ you, because I I must be wrong.
2. There __________ some flowers in the garden.
3. "__________ I take it out?"
4. You were stupid to climb tree. You __________ hurt
yourself.
6. All the lights are on, miths __________ up.
7. He __________ lead a but he __________ not make it drink.
8. "Need we do this job
now?"
9. __________ to have lunch with us today?

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