加载中…unit 3 diction
(2012-09-16 16:47:29)
标签：
英汉翻译词语选择词汇对应翻译技巧教育 |
分类： 英汉翻译 |
Unit 3
Diction means the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
1. 一词多义
英语中许多词是多义词。
Play: play tennis/ play chess/play football/ play tricks/ play cards/ play the violin/play the flute
现代英国语言学派创始人弗斯(Furth)说过：“Each word when used in a new context is a new word.
苏联翻译理论家巴尔胡达罗夫也主张“多义词的意义通常是通过言语的上下文来揭示的”。
2. Correspondence at word level（page 39）
(1)
Marxism
激光
打白条
Proper nouns of places, names, organizations and technical terms are often translated word-for-word in translation because their meanings are equivalent at every level.
(2) one word---multiple equivalents of the same meaning in the target language
Wife:
Father：
Potato:
人：
犬：
In different languages have different expressions, sometimes in terms of style, sometimes in terms of register, and sometimes in terms of connotation, and so on.
(3） one word----several equivalents of different meanings一词多义
cousin:
president：
carry:
cut:
笑：
The meaning in each case has to be determined by the context
（4）words without equivalents
阴: the soft inactive female principle or force in the world
3. Choice of the meanings
1) Judging from the part of speech根据词性确定词义
There
are several round tables in the dinning-room.
Come
round and see me tomorrow.
He had a
tour round the world.
She
rounded up the boys.
but
He knows
some methods but he doesn’t know how to apply them.
There
are no buts about it.
The word
occurs in the last line but one.
There
was not a single person there but was moved to tears.
right
1) Your account of what happened is not quite right.
2）Go right on until you reach the church.
3）It’s my right of way, so that lorry must stop or slow down until I’ve passed it.
4) She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.
2）judging from the context
We hope Mr. White will not forget himself,
gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN
may do whatever he likes.
We hope that our most respected Secretary General will not forget himself, his poor health is known to everybody.(act unselfishly 忘我，无私）
Like
Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.
He likes mathematics more than English.
Like knows like.
The two pictures are very like.
Like cures like.
Like for like.
3) Judging from collocation
Delicate:
delicate skin
delicate vase
delicate sense of smell
接风
接电话
接生
He can
appreciate modern music.
I do not
appreciate fully what he means.
I
appreciate the regard you have for me.
good 是个虚指的抽象词语比较正规的书面语体里就不能一味用“好”来翻译:
1)
2）These were all labeled as good
eggs.
3）Dogs are often regarded as man’s
good friends.
4 确定词义的褒贬性
为了忠实于原文的思想内容，翻译时必须正确理解原作者的基本政治立场和观点，然后选用适当的语言手段来加以表达。译成汉语时就要根据上下文恰如其分地把它们的褒贬含义反映出来。
1）They incited him to go into
further investigation. .
2）The plotters incited the
soldiers to rise against their officers. .
3）It was mid-August and the subject for
discussion was the future of Rommel and his Africa Corps.
.
4) They predicted the youth would have a
bright future。.
5) The peasants and workers were
hand-in-glove with one another in the struggle against landlords
and capitalists who worked hand-in-glove with each other.
.
6)
5引申（page 74-81）
Sharp: A sharp knife
翻译中所谓的引申就是把原文中词句所包含的意义在一文中引申出新的意义。
（1）词义引申方法
1）将词义做抽象化的引申
将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性
They have their smiles and tears.
I was not one to let my heart rule my
head.
将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词
see-sawing between partly good and faintly
bad
Their troops goose-stepped into power.
动物的隐喻性意义：由于人们对日常生活中常见的动物比较熟悉和了解，语言中用动物来作隐喻的例子很多。
play oneself in the lion’s mouth
come in like a lion and go out like a lamb
like a key in a lion‘s hide
old cat
barber’s cat
copy cat
as sick as a cat
like a cat on hot bricks
When the cat’s away，the mouse will play.
go to the dogs
make a
pig of oneself
smell a
rat
hold
one’s horses
put
one’s monkey up
kill two
birds with one stone
rise up
with the lark(云雀）
have a
bee in one’s head
2) 将词义做具体化的引申
The car
in front of me stopped and I missed the green.
The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors
to
Beijing.
抽象概念的引申
The Iraqi War makes all the international morality or international laws become impossible.
There
are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated
circuit technology.
The Great Wall is a must for most foreign
visitors to Beijing.
3） 比喻的引申:
如果英语的比喻在内容、形式、形象上与汉语相近似，可以相互借用，不用引申。如：
The man
is as stubborn as a mule.
I am
only a small potato in this office.
Don’t
put your finger into another’s pie.
汉语中没有相似的比喻，需要引申：
Last
night, I heard him driving his pigs to market.
She is
as busy as a bee recently.
Old Mr.
Jones kicked the bucket last week.
6. 词义选择应注意的几个问题：
1).词义选择，避免望文生义
辨析：
a.“I will teach him to deceive others,” he said.
他说，“我要教他去欺骗别人。”
他说，“我要告诫他不要骗人。”
b. My dogs are killing me.
我的狗要咬死我了。
我的双脚疼死我了。
c. He didn’t speak (for) long.
他长时间没有说话了。
他说话时间不长。
2).
词义选择，立足三 “意”
每一个词汇都有：
kill
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3). 词义选择，瞻前顾后:“瞻前”指看词的前缀，“顾后”指看词的后缀，即观察派生词的词义。派生词由词根、前缀、后缀组成，这是 “扩大词汇的三把钥匙” 。
pure
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
4).
词义选择,
看词在句中的位置
词义选择要看词在句子中的位置，前后的“邻居”等，位置改变，意思随之而改变，邻居不同，词义不同。
only
a)
b)
c)
d)
naturally
a)
b)
c)
7. Exercises for CET-4
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
喜欢
0
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