加载中…[转载]奥匈“玛丽亚·特雷西亚”泰勒银币
(2012-02-07 00:32:43)
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原文地址：奥匈“玛丽亚·特雷西亚”泰勒银币作者：乱码
“玛丽亚·特雷西亚”泰勒是世界货币史上最著名且流通范围最广的银币之一，但它却是一种非官方的贸易元。“玛丽亚·特雷西亚”
泰勒1773年始铸于奥地利的古茨堡（Gunzburg）的造币厂，不久便在世界上许多地方成为稳定的地方性货币，特别在非洲东部、北部以及近东、中东盛行，以至玛丽亚死后仍断断续续地从1781年铸造到20世纪。其所铸日期停滞于1780年上，即1780年后所铸此币仍铸1780年，而不铸真实日期。1850年古茨堡造币厂关闭，这种钱币仍继续铸于维也纳，并铸有古茨堡造币厂标记和同样日期，可能是由于阿拉伯国家的人民不愿接受铸有其他日期的这种银币。整个19世纪，该币的需求量一直在增长。铸造过“玛丽亚·特雷西亚”泰勒的其他造币厂还有奥地利统治下的米兰、威尼斯以及布拉格、伯明翰、伦敦、巴黎、佛罗伦萨、罗马、布鲁塞尔、孟买、卡尔斯堡、克雷姆尼茨，维也纳一直持续铸造到20世纪60年代，时至今日仍有少量定期铸造。估计这些造币厂总共铸造了八亿枚“玛丽亚·特雷西亚”泰勒。
“玛丽亚·特雷西亚”泰勒正面图案为玛丽亚·特雷西亚女王侧面肖像，环书缩写字母，大意为 “玛丽亚·特雷西亚·女王”；反面是奥地利双头鹰徽记，环书缩写字母，主要是古茨堡造币厂标记和年份；侧面有意为“仁慈”等称颂语的拉丁阳文和纹饰。此种银币币面阔大，为精细雕刻提供了很多的展示机会。该银币重28克，直径41毫米，含银量各时期、各造币厂可能略有不同。
虽说铸造日期停滞在1780年，图案标记又不作大的改变，但不同时期、不同造币厂的铸币在细小的地方还是有区别的，尤其是正面玛丽亚的肖像。例如有些版别玛丽亚肖像大小不一，甚至胖瘦不一；晚期版别玛丽亚肩上的钮扣比早期版别多了一圈小圆点……因此，这种银币通过其细小的差别还是可以区分不同版别的。
“玛丽亚·特雷西亚”泰勒正面图案为玛丽亚·特雷西亚女王侧面肖像，环书缩写字母，大意为 “玛丽亚·特雷西亚·女王”；反面是奥地利双头鹰徽记，环书缩写字母，主要是古茨堡造币厂标记和年份；侧面有意为“仁慈”等称颂语的拉丁阳文和纹饰。此种银币币面阔大，为精细雕刻提供了很多的展示机会。该银币重28克，直径41毫米，含银量各时期、各造币厂可能略有不同。
虽说铸造日期停滞在1780年，图案标记又不作大的改变，但不同时期、不同造币厂的铸币在细小的地方还是有区别的，尤其是正面玛丽亚的肖像。例如有些版别玛丽亚肖像大小不一，甚至胖瘦不一；晚期版别玛丽亚肩上的钮扣比早期版别多了一圈小圆点……因此，这种银币通过其细小的差别还是可以区分不同版别的。
Maria Theresa 簡介
Maria Theresa 於1717年5月13日在維也納出生他是神聖羅羅馬帝國皇帝Charles VI的女兒,並於1736年嫁給了Francis Stephen (也就是神聖羅馬帝國的皇帝Francis I,兩夫婦最後生了16個小孩,其中有2個最後當上了皇帝Joseph II 和Leopold II而其中的一個女兒Marie Antoinette最後當上了法國皇后.並於1753年9月21日與王子Bavaria共同簽署了造幣的相關細則這個細則清晰定義了每個錢幣含銀成分同時固定了黃金及泰勒的比例為2:1除此之外將所有的錢幣邊齒浮雕字體以防止被剪---
從1746年到她死(1780/11/29)之間奧地利造幣廠及奧地利官方生產了不少於43種Maria Theresa 的半身像銀幣包括各式各樣的面值的Kreuzers,己徒Thalers還有gold Ducats.
Maria Theresa 於1717年5月13日在維也納出生他是神聖羅羅馬帝國皇帝Charles VI的女兒,並於1736年嫁給了Francis Stephen (也就是神聖羅馬帝國的皇帝Francis I,兩夫婦最後生了16個小孩,其中有2個最後當上了皇帝Joseph II 和Leopold II而其中的一個女兒Marie Antoinette最後當上了法國皇后.並於1753年9月21日與王子Bavaria共同簽署了造幣的相關細則這個細則清晰定義了每個錢幣含銀成分同時固定了黃金及泰勒的比例為2:1除此之外將所有的錢幣邊齒浮雕字體以防止被剪---
從1746年到她死(1780/11/29)之間奧地利造幣廠及奧地利官方生產了不少於43種Maria Theresa 的半身像銀幣包括各式各樣的面值的Kreuzers,己徒Thalers還有gold Ducats.
各廠特徵:
KM1964, Vienna Mint, 1741-44, Rev: Crowned arms
KM1965, Vienna Mint, 1744-45, Rev: Griffon supporters
KM1966, Vienna Mint, 1746-52, Diademed young bust right
KM1967, Vienna Mint, 1753, More mature armored bust right
KM1967a, Vienna Mint, 1754-65, More mature armored bust right
KM1968, Vienna Mint, 1758, 1765, (Young) armored bust right
KM1969, Vienna Mint, Veiled bust right
KM1970, Vienna Mint, 1767-72, Different veiled head right
KM1971.1, Vienna Mint, 1772-79, Smaller veiled head right
KM1971.2, Vienna Mint, 1780, Obv larger bust.
NOTE: IC-FA located below Eagles claws on reverse.
Design restruck until 1784 with minor changes, NOT considered a restrike
KM1972, Ordens Mint, 1769 IC-SK, Veiled head right w/jeweled bust
KM545, Graz Mint, 1765, Draped bust
KM546, Graz Mint, 1765, Armored bust
KM743, Hall Mint, 1746-65, Bust right in decorated gown
KM744, Hall Mint, 1751-53 Bust right w/ plain gown
KM745, Hall Mint, 1754-65, Bust right w/ plain gown
KM746, Hall Mint, 1751-65, Mature armored bust right
KM747, Hall Mint, 1765-72, Veiled bust right
KM748, Hall Mint, 1772-1776, Obv. smaller veil on bust, Rev. initials
KM328.1, Hungary, 1741, Obv. leg: MA.THERESIA-D:G:REG:HUNG:BOH
KM328.2, Hungary, 1741-42, Obv. leg. ends:.. HUNG:BO
KM328.3, Hungary, 1741-42, Obv. leg: MA. THERESA.., ends:.. HUN:BO
KM328.4, Hungary, 1743-44, Obv. leg: MA. THERESA.., ends:.. HUN:BO
KM333, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1743-44 O, Obv: modified hair style, leg ends: ...HO:BO, Rev: mint marks KM, large K left of rays at 09:00, large M right of rays at 03:00
KM337.1, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1744-45, Obv: smaller bust, Rev: mint marks KM, large K left of rays at 09:00, large M right of rays at 03:00
KM337.2, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1746-48, Obv. leg: M.THER...
Dav.1130, KM349.1, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1749-52, Rev: larger shield below Madonna, Rev: mint marks KM, small K left of rays at 07:00, small M right of rays at 05:00
KM349.2, Hungary, 1751'X', Rev: larger shield below Madonna
KM349.3, Hungary, 1752'X', (out of order Dav.), modified drapery
KM358.1, Hungary, 1751-65
KM358.2, Hungary, 1763, (reported, not confirmed) Mint mark NB
KM358.3, Hungary, 1766, Mint mark K
KM378, Hungary, 1763-64, Decorative gown, Mint mark KB
KM1539, Prague Mint, 1746-50, Bust right
KM1540, Prague Mint, 1751-60, Bust right, Rev. X after date
KM1541, Prague Mint, 1758-59, Mature bust right, Rev. Crowned Imperial Eagle w/crowned arms of St. Joachim and Bohemia on breast, and crossed battle axes below eagle
KM1542, Prague Mint, 1767-72, Veiled head right
KM1543, Prague Mint, 1773-75, Head right w/ smaller veil
KM1544, Prague Mint, 1780, Large head veiled right (NOT a restrike)
KM15, 1764-65, Burgau Mint, Armored bust right
KM21, Burgau Mint, 1765-72, Veiled bust right
KM22, Burgau Mint, 1773-80, Bust w/ smaller veil, Rev. leg: ARCHID-AUSTDUX·
Note: The KM22 1780 SF is NOT a restrike.
KM23, Burgau Mint, 1780 SF/X/, Large mature bust, Rev. leg: ARCHID-AVST-DUX·
Note: This is the restrike design a各廠特徵:
KM1964, Vienna Mint, 1741-44, Rev: Crowned arms
KM1965, Vienna Mint, 1744-45, Rev: Griffon supporters
KM1966, Vienna Mint, 1746-52, Diademed young bust right
KM1967, Vienna Mint, 1753, More mature armored bust right
KM1967a, Vienna Mint, 1754-65, More mature armored bust right
KM1968, Vienna Mint, 1758, 1765, (Young) armored bust right
KM1969, Vienna Mint, Veiled bust right
KM1970, Vienna Mint, 1767-72, Different veiled head right
KM1971.1, Vienna Mint, 1772-79, Smaller veiled head right
KM1971.2, Vienna Mint, 1780, Obv larger bust.
NOTE: IC-FA located below Eagles claws on reverse.
Design restruck until 1784 with minor changes, NOT considered a restrike
KM1972, Ordens Mint, 1769 IC-SK, Veiled head right w/jeweled bust
KM545, Graz Mint, 1765, Draped bust
KM546, Graz Mint, 1765, Armored bust
KM743, Hall Mint, 1746-65, Bust right in decorated gown
KM744, Hall Mint, 1751-53 Bust right w/ plain gown
KM745, Hall Mint, 1754-65, Bust right w/ plain gown
KM746, Hall Mint, 1751-65, Mature armored bust right
KM747, Hall Mint, 1765-72, Veiled bust right
KM748, Hall Mint, 1772-1776, Obv. smaller veil on bust, Rev. initials
KM328.1, Hungary, 1741, Obv. leg: MA.THERESIA-D:G:REG:HUNG:BOH
KM328.2, Hungary, 1741-42, Obv. leg. ends:.. HUNG:BO
KM328.3, Hungary, 1741-42, Obv. leg: MA. THERESA.., ends:.. HUN:BO
KM328.4, Hungary, 1743-44, Obv. leg: MA. THERESA.., ends:.. HUN:BO
KM333, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1743-44 O, Obv: modified hair style, leg ends: ...HO:BO, Rev: mint marks KM, large K left of rays at 09:00, large M right of rays at 03:00
KM337.1, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1744-45, Obv: smaller bust, Rev: mint marks KM, large K left of rays at 09:00, large M right of rays at 03:00
KM337.2, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1746-48, Obv. leg: M.THER...
Dav.1130, KM349.1, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1749-52, Rev: larger shield below Madonna, Rev: mint marks KM, small K left of rays at 07:00, small M right of rays at 05:00
KM349.2, Hungary, 1751'X', Rev: larger shield below Madonna
KM349.3, Hungary, 1752'X', (out of order Dav.), modified drapery
KM358.1, Hungary, 1751-65
KM358.2, Hungary, 1763, (reported, not confirmed) Mint mark NB
KM358.3, Hungary, 1766, Mint mark K
KM378, Hungary, 1763-64, Decorative gown, Mint mark KB
KM1539, Prague Mint, 1746-50, Bust right
KM1540, Prague Mint, 1751-60, Bust right, Rev. X after date
KM1541, Prague Mint, 1758-59, Mature bust right, Rev. Crowned Imperial Eagle w/crowned arms of St. Joachim and Bohemia on breast, and crossed battle axes below eagle
KM1542, Prague Mint, 1767-72, Veiled head right
KM1543, Prague Mint, 1773-75, Head right w/ smaller veil
KM1544, Prague Mint, 1780, Large head veiled right (NOT a restrike)
KM15, 1764-65, Burgau Mint, Armored bust right
KM21, Burgau Mint, 1765-72, Veiled bust right
KM22, Burgau Mint, 1773-80, Bust w/ smaller veil, Rev. leg: ARCHID-AUSTDUX·
Note: The KM22 1780 SF is NOT a restrike.
KM23, Burgau Mint, 1780 SF/X/, Large mature bust, Rev. leg: ARCHID-AVST-DUX·
Note: This is the restrike design and is covered in more detail below.
nd is covered in more detail below.
KM1964, Vienna Mint, 1741-44, Rev: Crowned arms
KM1965, Vienna Mint, 1744-45, Rev: Griffon supporters
KM1966, Vienna Mint, 1746-52, Diademed young bust right
KM1967, Vienna Mint, 1753, More mature armored bust right
KM1967a, Vienna Mint, 1754-65, More mature armored bust right
KM1968, Vienna Mint, 1758, 1765, (Young) armored bust right
KM1969, Vienna Mint, Veiled bust right
KM1970, Vienna Mint, 1767-72, Different veiled head right
KM1971.1, Vienna Mint, 1772-79, Smaller veiled head right
KM1971.2, Vienna Mint, 1780, Obv larger bust.
NOTE: IC-FA located below Eagles claws on reverse.
Design restruck until 1784 with minor changes, NOT considered a restrike
KM1972, Ordens Mint, 1769 IC-SK, Veiled head right w/jeweled bust
KM545, Graz Mint, 1765, Draped bust
KM546, Graz Mint, 1765, Armored bust
KM743, Hall Mint, 1746-65, Bust right in decorated gown
KM744, Hall Mint, 1751-53 Bust right w/ plain gown
KM745, Hall Mint, 1754-65, Bust right w/ plain gown
KM746, Hall Mint, 1751-65, Mature armored bust right
KM747, Hall Mint, 1765-72, Veiled bust right
KM748, Hall Mint, 1772-1776, Obv. smaller veil on bust, Rev. initials
KM328.1, Hungary, 1741, Obv. leg: MA.THERESIA-D:G:REG:HUNG:BOH
KM328.2, Hungary, 1741-42, Obv. leg. ends:.. HUNG:BO
KM328.3, Hungary, 1741-42, Obv. leg: MA. THERESA.., ends:.. HUN:BO
KM328.4, Hungary, 1743-44, Obv. leg: MA. THERESA.., ends:.. HUN:BO
KM333, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1743-44 O, Obv: modified hair style, leg ends: ...HO:BO, Rev: mint marks KM, large K left of rays at 09:00, large M right of rays at 03:00
KM337.1, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1744-45, Obv: smaller bust, Rev: mint marks KM, large K left of rays at 09:00, large M right of rays at 03:00
KM337.2, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1746-48, Obv. leg: M.THER...
Dav.1130, KM349.1, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1749-52, Rev: larger shield below Madonna, Rev: mint marks KM, small K left of rays at 07:00, small M right of rays at 05:00
KM349.2, Hungary, 1751'X', Rev: larger shield below Madonna
KM349.3, Hungary, 1752'X', (out of order Dav.), modified drapery
KM358.1, Hungary, 1751-65
KM358.2, Hungary, 1763, (reported, not confirmed) Mint mark NB
KM358.3, Hungary, 1766, Mint mark K
KM378, Hungary, 1763-64, Decorative gown, Mint mark KB
KM1539, Prague Mint, 1746-50, Bust right
KM1540, Prague Mint, 1751-60, Bust right, Rev. X after date
KM1541, Prague Mint, 1758-59, Mature bust right, Rev. Crowned Imperial Eagle w/crowned arms of St. Joachim and Bohemia on breast, and crossed battle axes below eagle
KM1542, Prague Mint, 1767-72, Veiled head right
KM1543, Prague Mint, 1773-75, Head right w/ smaller veil
KM1544, Prague Mint, 1780, Large head veiled right (NOT a restrike)
KM15, 1764-65, Burgau Mint, Armored bust right
KM21, Burgau Mint, 1765-72, Veiled bust right
KM22, Burgau Mint, 1773-80, Bust w/ smaller veil, Rev. leg: ARCHID-AUSTDUX·
Note: The KM22 1780 SF is NOT a restrike.
KM23, Burgau Mint, 1780 SF/X/, Large mature bust, Rev. leg: ARCHID-AVST-DUX·
Note: This is the restrike design a各廠特徵:
KM1964, Vienna Mint, 1741-44, Rev: Crowned arms
KM1965, Vienna Mint, 1744-45, Rev: Griffon supporters
KM1966, Vienna Mint, 1746-52, Diademed young bust right
KM1967, Vienna Mint, 1753, More mature armored bust right
KM1967a, Vienna Mint, 1754-65, More mature armored bust right
KM1968, Vienna Mint, 1758, 1765, (Young) armored bust right
KM1969, Vienna Mint, Veiled bust right
KM1970, Vienna Mint, 1767-72, Different veiled head right
KM1971.1, Vienna Mint, 1772-79, Smaller veiled head right
KM1971.2, Vienna Mint, 1780, Obv larger bust.
NOTE: IC-FA located below Eagles claws on reverse.
Design restruck until 1784 with minor changes, NOT considered a restrike
KM1972, Ordens Mint, 1769 IC-SK, Veiled head right w/jeweled bust
KM545, Graz Mint, 1765, Draped bust
KM546, Graz Mint, 1765, Armored bust
KM743, Hall Mint, 1746-65, Bust right in decorated gown
KM744, Hall Mint, 1751-53 Bust right w/ plain gown
KM745, Hall Mint, 1754-65, Bust right w/ plain gown
KM746, Hall Mint, 1751-65, Mature armored bust right
KM747, Hall Mint, 1765-72, Veiled bust right
KM748, Hall Mint, 1772-1776, Obv. smaller veil on bust, Rev. initials
KM328.1, Hungary, 1741, Obv. leg: MA.THERESIA-D:G:REG:HUNG:BOH
KM328.2, Hungary, 1741-42, Obv. leg. ends:.. HUNG:BO
KM328.3, Hungary, 1741-42, Obv. leg: MA. THERESA.., ends:.. HUN:BO
KM328.4, Hungary, 1743-44, Obv. leg: MA. THERESA.., ends:.. HUN:BO
KM333, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1743-44 O, Obv: modified hair style, leg ends: ...HO:BO, Rev: mint marks KM, large K left of rays at 09:00, large M right of rays at 03:00
KM337.1, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1744-45, Obv: smaller bust, Rev: mint marks KM, large K left of rays at 09:00, large M right of rays at 03:00
KM337.2, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1746-48, Obv. leg: M.THER...
Dav.1130, KM349.1, Kremnitz Mint, Hungary, 1749-52, Rev: larger shield below Madonna, Rev: mint marks KM, small K left of rays at 07:00, small M right of rays at 05:00
KM349.2, Hungary, 1751'X', Rev: larger shield below Madonna
KM349.3, Hungary, 1752'X', (out of order Dav.), modified drapery
KM358.1, Hungary, 1751-65
KM358.2, Hungary, 1763, (reported, not confirmed) Mint mark NB
KM358.3, Hungary, 1766, Mint mark K
KM378, Hungary, 1763-64, Decorative gown, Mint mark KB
KM1539, Prague Mint, 1746-50, Bust right
KM1540, Prague Mint, 1751-60, Bust right, Rev. X after date
KM1541, Prague Mint, 1758-59, Mature bust right, Rev. Crowned Imperial Eagle w/crowned arms of St. Joachim and Bohemia on breast, and crossed battle axes below eagle
KM1542, Prague Mint, 1767-72, Veiled head right
KM1543, Prague Mint, 1773-75, Head right w/ smaller veil
KM1544, Prague Mint, 1780, Large head veiled right (NOT a restrike)
KM15, 1764-65, Burgau Mint, Armored bust right
KM21, Burgau Mint, 1765-72, Veiled bust right
KM22, Burgau Mint, 1773-80, Bust w/ smaller veil, Rev. leg: ARCHID-AUSTDUX·
Note: The KM22 1780 SF is NOT a restrike.
KM23, Burgau Mint, 1780 SF/X/, Large mature bust, Rev. leg: ARCHID-AVST-DUX·
Note: This is the restrike design and is covered in more detail below.
nd is covered in more detail below.
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