苦行僧（Sadu）是古印度时期盛行的修练方式，苦行僧蓬头垢面、衣衫褴褛，带着象征湿婆裨的三叉杖，边走边吟诵古经文。苦行僧必须忍受剧烈的痛苦，如绝食、躺在布满钉子的床上、行走在火热的木炭上、喝尿吃屎等不合常理的事情。

 

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　　在印度北部的阿拉哈巴德，一名印度教苦行僧正在树上练习瑜迦。之后他将去圣河桑迦姆河中沐浴。苦行僧在印度教中备受尊敬。图为苦行僧在树上练习瑜加。

 

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　　苦行僧之所以叫苦行僧，是因为他们视自己的身体为罪孽的载体，因此必先“苦其心志，劳其筋骨、饿其体肤”，方能获得精神的自由和灵魂的解脱。

 

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　　苦行僧初入门道时必须举行某种仪式，表示“过去种种譬如昨日死，未来种种譬如今日生”，所谓的“生”，是指进入“神圣的”新生活。

 

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按照行规，苦行僧必须做到“三不”，即不性交、不撒谎、不杀生

 

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　　没有了爱恨情仇，淡漠了功名利禄，NO FAMILY ,NO SEX，放弃人伦之欢，抛弃世俗财产，一心想跳出轮回之外，寻求解脱之道。

 

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 　　这些僧人不像中国的寺院里的和尚那么干净清爽，而是长发常年不剪不洗，身上涂满炉灰，他们没有固定住处， 有些不穿衣服，所谓的“天衣派”……

 

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　　由于苦行僧终日冥想问题，与他们的主神沟通，当地政府甚至网开一面，允许苦行僧吸食大麻，在软性毒品的迷幻作用下，修行者似乎能更加顺利地与神灵通话。很多苦行僧眼睛发红，据说是吸食大麻的结果……

 

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　　印度教的苦行僧有些不穿衣服，仅以一皮套遮住裆部(人称“裸体哲学家”)，长发常年不洗不剪，没有固定住处，甚至有人为追求苦楚，自残，服食毒素，在身上涂抹尸骨灰……

 

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苦行僧面部绘画的彩色条纹似乎代表着流派的区别。

 

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