七夕节，又名乞巧节、七巧节或七姐诞，发源于中国，是华人地区以及部分受汉族文化影响的东亚国家传统节日，在农历七月初七庆祝。来自于牛郎与织女的传说。由于古代女子希望以织女为榜样。所以每逢七姐诞，她们都会向七姐献祭，祈求自己能够心灵手巧、获得美满的姻缘。这是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。

       “ 七夕”最早来源于人们对自然的崇拜。从历史文献上看，至少在三四千年前，随着人们对天文的认识和纺织技术的产生，有关牵牛星织女星的记载就有了。人们对星星的崇拜远不止是牵牛星和织女星，他们认为东西南北各有七颗代表方位的星星，合称二十八宿，其中以北斗七星最亮，可供夜间辨别方向。北斗七星的第一颗星叫魁星，又称魁首。后来，有了科举制度，中状元叫“大魁天下士”，读书人把七夕叫“魁星节”，又称“晒书节”，保持了最早七夕来源于星宿崇拜的痕迹。

        “七夕”也来源古代人们对时间的崇拜。“七”与“期”同音，月和日均是“七”，给人以时间感。古代中国人把日、月与水、火、木、金、土五大行星合在一起叫“七曜”。七数在民间表现在时间上阶段性，在计算时间时往往以“七七”为终局，旧北京在给亡人做道场时往往以做满“七七”为完满。以“七曜”计算现在的“星期”，在日语中尚有保留。“七”又与“吉”谐音，“七七”又有双吉之意，是个吉利的日子。在台湾，七月被称为“喜中带吉”月。因为喜字在草书中的形状好似连写的“七十七”，所以把七十七岁又称“喜寿”。

       在广州，“珠村大祠堂，要摆大七娘。小女勤乞巧，男儿换靓装……”这是清末民初珠村举人潘名江的《珠村七夕吟》，生动地记录了旧时珠村乞巧节的盛况。广州珠村自明清时期已经盛行“摆七娘”，女子做“七娘”秀巧手，男子借物看人，有钟情者便托媒说亲。“摆七娘”成为了一座婚姻的桥梁。抗日战争爆发后，广州沦陷，珠村的“摆七娘”全部停止。抗战胜利后，曾一度恢复，解放初期珠村还出现了男子“摆牛郎”。后来，由于种种原因又再度停止，直到1998年才再度兴起。2001年珠村东南社“良潘公祠”的那堂“七娘”还被广州近代历史博物馆录像收藏，艺术品被广州博物馆收购，长年存摆在广州博物馆内。

       以下是渝帆于2014年7月31日在广州天河珠村的各个祠堂拍到的乞巧节盛况，现予大家分享：

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      珠村乞巧节的参观地图。广州人历来重视过此节，宋人刘克庄诗云：“粤人重巧夕，灯火到天明。”清末民初，此风尤为兴盛。胡朴安撰辑的《中华全国风俗志》辑录了清末民初广州女子拜七姐的风俗，详细记载了关于乞巧会“摆巧”的情形。

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      作家欧阳山在《三家巷》中所写的广州七夕风情，可与胡的辑录相互印证。大量的竹枝词也同样反映了羊城乞巧节的盛况，如清朝广东诗人汪鮀在《羊城七夕竹枝词》中写道：“十丈长筵五色香，香奁金翠竞铺张。可应天上神仙侣，也学人间时世妆。”

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      “芝麻为米烛为桥，巧乞天孙夜未迢。郎比牵牛妾织女，年年夜夜是今宵。”这是珠村里面潘家祠堂设置的乞巧诞活动。

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

广州乞巧节繁缛、隆重的仪式为国内他处所未有，节日活动含摆巧、拜仙、乞巧、吃七娘饭、看七娘戏等诸多内容；

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      节日以“摆巧”为具体内容，并形成独具特色的传统七夕工艺系列作品，如斋塔、芝麻香、鹊桥景观、七娘盘、七夕公仔等；独具特色的“拜仙”仪式是广州乞巧节的第三个重要特色。祭拜的对象不仅有牛、女二星，还包括到织女的六个姐妹，体现了该地区自古以来浓厚的神灵崇拜的风习。

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      这就是著名的鹊桥会景观了，棉花做成的鹊桥栩栩如生

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      七姐诞

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      还有很多孔雀造形

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      非常的精致

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      火凤凰造形

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍        

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      缩小版的农舍

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      缩小版的鸡群

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      缩小版的男耕女织图

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      缩小版的鸭笼

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      闹市里的古祠堂，新贴的对联告诉大家，这里正要举办喜庆的乞巧节

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      村子里随处可见的宣传资料

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      另一个祠堂的摆巧

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      和谐的生活场景

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      古建筑微缩版

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      各种生活场景

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      功夫茶场景

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      七姐塑像

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      精巧的各类场景和人物

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      日月乾坤

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      潘文治将军的旧居

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      此帝古庙

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      中国梦融入七姐诞摆巧，真是与时俱进

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      这组作品在各地获奖无数

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      七姐鞋

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      五代同堂

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      鹊桥会

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      珠村处处张灯结彩，非常喜庆

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      三间铺，真是名符其实

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      独特的水浸灶

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      相关的资料介绍

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      闹市里的古祠堂

 

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      恒上家塾

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      侧面已经略显破败

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      小巷随拍

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      处处张灯结彩

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      礼可潘公祠

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      广州乞巧文化博物馆

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      走进里面

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      一些裱好的剪纸艺术品

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      潘氏宗祠

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      明德堂

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      摆巧现场

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      三眼桥

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      鹊桥会

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      鹊桥会组景

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      牛郎与织女

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      牛郎织女

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      鹊桥会

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      潘家祠里面走出的名人

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      众多的古老对联

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      潘氏祠堂

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      另一边的对联

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      人物塑像

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      各种人物塑像

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      还挺时耄的

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      民族服装装扮下的七姐

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      宣传垃圾分类的组图

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      七巧盘

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      http://upload.17u.com/uploadfile/youjipic/2014/08/01/31/2014080116531667589696.jpg

▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      民间艺术家

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      随处可见的红心造形

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      同行的小伙伴

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      七社的摆巧

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      凤眼果

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      小摆件

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▲广州珠村乞巧节之“摆巧”随拍      

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【珠村介绍】

       广州珠村起源于南宋，拥有悠久的历史，村内主要居住潘、钟两姓人士。从古至今，珠村都具有一定的地理优势。村落向心布局，山环水绕，古树环抱，水网密集。村内保留有较多历史建筑，也有古树名木，皆为甚佳的景观节点，如：北帝庙、潘文治故居、潘氏宗祠、祈愿树等。珠村民俗活动丰富，有正月舞狮，拜猫，拜太公，过龙舟节，摆七娘，唱大戏等。珠村还人才辈出，有清廉的潘岳，还是“中国海军之家”。