加载中…作业习题
(2010-10-23 21:34:30)
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杂谈 |
The Literature of Colonial America
I． Fill in the blanks．
1．The most enduring shaping influence in American
thought and American literature
was
2．Among the members of the small band of
Jamestown settlers
was
3．Almost a hundred years earlier the Caribbean
Islands, Mexico, and other parts of Central and South America were
occupied by
the
4．The term“Puritan”was applied to those settlers
who originally were devout members of the Church of
5．
6．Among all the settlers in the New
Continent,
7．The first permanent English settlement in North
America was established
at
8．
9．In the
book
10．General History of Virginia contains Smith’s
most famous tale of how the Indian princess
named
11．Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these
were
the
12．The American poets who emerged in the
seventeenth century adapted the style of established European poets
to the subject matter confronted in a strange, new
environment．
13．William Bradford himself used a
word“
14．In
1620,
15．From 1621 until his
death,
16．William Bradford’s
work
17．The history of New England is a priceless gift
left us
by
18．
19．The wrier who best expressed the Puritan faith
in the colonial period was
20．The Puritan philosophy known as
21．Many Puritans wrote verse, but the work of two
writers, Anne Bradstreet and
22．A representative sermon A True Sight of Sin is
23．Before his
death,
24．Jonathan Edwards’s masterpiece is
25．The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is
a collection of poems composed
by
26．
27．The Day of Doom, a long-standing best-seller
both in America and in England, was written
by
28．Charles Brockden Brown’s first
novel
29．With his elaborate
metaphors,
II． Decide whether the statements are true or false．
III． Make multiple choices．
1．English literature in the America is only about
more
than
A．500
2．The establisher of Jamestown was the famous
explorer and
colonist
C．William
Bradford
3．The Puritan dominating values
were
A．hard
work
C．piety
4．The early history
of
A．Plymouth
5．Choose those names that were named after English monarch or land．
A．Georgia
C．Carolina
6．
7．Which statement about Cotton Mather is not true?
8．Jonathan Edwards’best and most representative
sermon
was
9．Which writer is not a poet?
A．Michael Wigglesworth
C．Edward
Taylor
10．The common thread throughout American
literature has been the emphasis on
the
A．Revolutionism
11．Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet．Her poems
made such a stir in England that she became known as
the“
A．Ninth
Muse
12．The
ship“
A．Sunflower
C．Mayflower
IV． Identify the fragments．
1.
I heard the merry grasshopper then sing，
The black—clad cricket bear a second part：
They kept one tune and played on the same string．
Seeming to glory in their little art．
Small creatures abject thus their voices raise，
And in their kind resound their Maker’s praise，
Whilst I，as mute，can warble forth no higher lays?
Questions：
1）This is the ninth of the “Contemplations’’ written by an early American woman writer．What is her name?
2）Make a brief comment on this short poem．
2.
Huswifery
Make me，O Lord，thy spinning wheel complete
Thy holy word my distaff make for me．
Make mine affections thy swift flyers neat，
And make my soul thy holy spool to be．
My conversation make to be thy reel．
And reel the yarn thereon spun of thy wheel．
Questions：
1）Identify the poet of this poem．
2）Make a brief comment on this poem
V． Answer the questions．
1．What is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature?
2．Comment briefly on Charles Brokden Brown’s contribution to American novel
The Literature of Reason and Revolution
I． Fill in the blanks．
1．The War of Independence lasted eight years till
2．The United States of America was founded
in
3．Benjamin Franklin also edited the first
colonial magazine，which he
called
4．Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in
his
masterpiece
5．Thomas Paine，with his natural gift for
pamphleteering and rebellion，was appropriately born into an age
of
6．On January 10，1776，Thomas Paine’s famous
pamphlet
7．A series of sixteen pamphlets by Thomas Paine
was
entitled
8．Thomas Paine’s second most important
work
9．The most outstanding poet in America of the
18th century
was
10．Philip Freneau’s famous
poem
11．
12．
13．In 1791，probably with Thomas Jefferson’s
support．
14．In American literature．the eighteenth century
was all Age of
15．The Calvinist beliefs brought about the Great
Awakening during the 1730s and
1740s．
16．Jonathan Edwards’work Images or Shadows of
Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism
of
17．If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the
upper levels of the American
mind，
represents the lower levels．
II． Decide whether the statements are true or false．
III. Make multiple choices
1．In American literature，the eighteenth century
was the age of the
Enlightenment.
A．Humanism
C．Revolution
2．In American literature，the Enlighteners were
opposed
to
3．The English colonies in North America rose in
arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress
adopted
4．Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true?
5．The secular ideals of the American
Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career
of
A．Thomas
Hood
C．Thomas Jefferson
6．Which of the following stirred the world and helped form the American republic?
7．Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of
the
8．From 1732 to 1758，Benjamin Franklin wrote and
published his
famous
9．Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?
10．Choose the works written by Thomas Paine．
E．The American Crisis
11．The first pamphlet published in America to
urge immediate independence from Britain
is
A．The Rights of Man
C．The American
Crisis
12．“These are the times that try men’s souls”，these words were Once read to George Washington’s troops and did much to shore up the spirits of the revolutionary soldiers．Who is the author of these words?
13．Which statement about Philip Freneau is true?
14．Which poem is not written by Philip Freneau?
15．Who was considered as the“Poet of American Revolution”?
16．It was not until January 1776 that a widely
heard public voice demanded complete separation from England．The
voice was that
of
17．During the Reason and Revolution
Period，Americans were influenced by the European movement called
the
18．Thomas Jefferson’s attitude，that is，a firm
belief in progress，and the pursuit of happiness，is typical of the
period we now
call
19．
20．Benjamin Franklin shaped his writing after
the
IV. Identify the fragments.
1.
These are the times that try men’s souls：The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis，shrink from the service of their country；but he that stands it now，deserves the love and thanks of man and woman．Tyranny，like hell，is not easily conquered；yet we have this consolation with US，that the harder the conflict，the more glorious the triumph．What we obtain too cheap，we esteem too 1ightly—This dearness only that gives everything its value．Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods．
Questions:
1）Which book is this passage taken from?
2）Who is the author of this book?
3）Whom is the author praising? Whom is the author criticizing?
4）What do you think of the language?
2.
When in the course of human events，it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another，and to assume among the powers of the earth，the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them，a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation．We hold these truths to be self—evident，that all men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights，that among these are Life，Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness? That to secure these rights，Governments are instituted among Men，deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed；That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends，it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it．
1）Which work is this passage taken from?
2）What truths are self-evident? What is the purpose of government．and when should a government be replaced?
3.
In a branch of willow hid
Sings the evening Caty-did：
From the lofty locust bough
Feeding on a drop of dew，
In her suit of green array’d
Hear her singing in the shade
Caty-did，Caty-did，Caty-did!
Questions：
1）Who is the writer of these verses?
2）What is the title of this lyrical poem?
3）What is a“Caty-did”?
V．Analyze the main works.
1．Analyze The American Crisis．
2．Analyze Declaration of Indenpendence．
3．Analyze The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin．
The literature of Romanticism (Part I)
I. Fill in the blanks.
1．In the early nineteenth century，Washington
Irving wrote
2．In
1828，
3．In 1 755，——published his remarkable dictionary named Dictionary of the English Language．
4．The Civil War of 1861--1865 ended in the defeat
of the Southerners and the abolition
of
5．The American Transcendentalists formed a club
called
6．The Transcendental Club often met
at
7．
8．At
nineteen
9．In Washington Irving’s
work
10．In Paris，Washington Irving met John Howard
Payne，the American dramatist and actor，with whom Irving wrote his
brilliant social comedy
11．The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is
taken from Washington Irving’s work
named
12．
13．Washington Irving’s first book appeared in
1809．It was
entitled
14．Washington Irving also wrote two
biographies，one is The Life of Oliver Goldsmith，and the other
is
15．The first important American novelist
was
16．James Fenimore Cooper’s
novel
17．The best of James Fenimore Cooper’s sea
romances
was
18．The central figure in the Leather stocking
Tales
is
19．“To a Waterfowl”is perhaps the peak
of
20．
21．Among William Cullen Bryant’s most important
later works are his translations of the Iliad and
the
22．Edgar Allan Poe’s
poem
23．Edgar Allan Poe’s
poem
24．Ralph
25．Ralph Waldo Emerson’s truest disciple，the man
who put into practice many of Emerson’s
theories，was
26．In 1845．Henry David Thoreau began a two—year
residence
at
27．A superb book
entitled
28．From Henry David Thoreau’s Concord jail
experience，came his famous
essay
29．Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel
Hawthorne’s
novel
30．Herman Melville’s
novel
31．Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s first collection
of poems
entitled
32．The most scholarly of Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow’s writings is his translation of Dante’s
33．Besides lyrics and longer poems Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow wrote dramatic
34．Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
and
35．After his
death,
36．The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the eighteenth century
37．The English author
named
38．Published in
1823，
39．InThe
Pioneers，
40．In 1836．a little book came out which made a
tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America．It was
entitled Nature
by
41．Ralph Waldo Emerson’s
essay
42．Another renowned New England Transcendentalist
was
43．The way in
which
44．Herman Melville’s world classic novel Moby
Dick was dedicated
to
45．It is said that in his late years．Herman
Melville stopped writing novels and Stories and turned to
poetry，
46．Herman Melville is best known as the author of
one book
named
II. Decide whether the statements are true or false.
III. Make multiple choices.
1．In 1837，the first college—level institution for
women，Mount Holyoke Female Seminary．was
established
2．Transcendentalists took their ideas
from
3．As a philosophical and literary
movement，
4．Transcendentalist doctrines found their
greatest literary advocates
in
5．Who were regarded as the“School—room Poets”?
6．American statesmen such
as
7．
8．Transcendentalists
recognized
9．Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne，Ralph Waldo Emerson
and
10．Transcendentalism appealed to those who
disdained the harsh God of the Puritan ancestors，and it appealed to
those who scorned the pale deity of New
England
11．In the early 19th century America，statesmen
such
as
12．A
new
13．T11e desire for an escape from society and a
return to nature became a permanent convention of American
literature，evident
in
14．A preoccupation with the demonic and the
mystery of evil marked the works
of
15．An American Dictionary of the English Language
was published in 1828
by
16．In the nineteenth century America．Romantics often shared certain general characteristics．Choose such characteristics from the following．
17．Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following．
18．In James Fenimore Cooper’s novels，close after Natty Bumppo in romantic appeal，come the two noble red men．Choose them from the following．
19．In 1817．the stately poem called Thanatopsis
introduced the best
poet
20．Choose William Cullen Bryant’s poems from the following．
21．From the following，choose the poems written by Edgar Allan Poe．
22．In his post on the Messenger．Edgar Allan Poe
showed his true talents
as
23．Edgar Allan Poe’s first collection of short
stories
is
24．From the following，choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry．
25．Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?
26．Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?
27．From Henry David Thoreau’s j ail
experience，came his famous
essay，
28．The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s
symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston
in
29．功e House of Seven Gables is a famous
mystery—haunted novel written
by
30．Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions also appears strongly in his short stories．Choose his short stories from the following．
31．Which is not Nathaniel Hawthorne’s tong novel?
A．The Scarlet Letter
32．Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel
Hawthorne
A．the largest brain with the largest heart
33．Choose the characters which appear in the novel The Scarlet Letter．
34．
35．With the appearance
of
36．Choose the authors who belong to the romantic group in American literature．
37．In the early nineteenth century American moral
values were essentially Puritan．Nothing has left a deeper imprint
on the character of the people as a whole than
did
38．American romanticist writers，like Washington
Irving and especially the group of New England poets such
as
A．William Cullen
Bryant
39．Washington Irving was best known for his
famous short stories such as
and
41．There is a good reason to state that New
England Transcendentalism was
actually
42．New England Transcendentalism was important to
American literature．It inspired a whole new generation of famous
authors such
as
43．Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?
44．Which is regarded as the“Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?
45．
46．Nathaniel Hawthorne’s intellectual characters are usually villains，dreadful because of devoid of fellow feeling．Choose the specimens of Hawthorne’s chilling，cold—blooded human animals．
47．Which three novels drew from Herman Melville’s adventures among the people of the South Pacific islands?
48．Herman
Melville’s
The literature of Romanticism (Part II)
IV. Identify the fragments.
1.
From the listless repose of the place，and the peculiar character of its inhabitants，who are descendants from[he original Dutch settlers，this sequestered glen has long been known by the name of SLEEPY HOLLOW，and its rustic lads are called the Sleepy Hollow Boys throughout all the neighboring country．Drowsy and dreamy influence seems to hang over the land，and to pervade the very atmosphere．Some say that the place was bewitched by a high German doctor，during the early days of the settlement；others，that an old Indian chief，the prophet or wizard of his tribe．held his powwows there before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson．
1）Who is the writer of this short story from which the passage is taken?
2）What is the title of this short story?
3）Give a definition of“short story”．
2.
“Arms and the clarion for the battle，but the song of thanksgiving to the victory!”answered the liberated David．“Friend，”he added，thrusting forth his lean．delicate hand forwards Hawkeye，in kindness，while his eyes twinkled and grew moist，“I thank thee the hairs of my head still grow where they were first rooted by Providence for，though those of other men may be more glossy and curling，I have ever found mine own well suited to the brain they shelter．That I did not join myself to the battle，was less owing to disinclination，than to the bonds of the heathen．Valiant and skilful hast thou proved thyself in the conflict，and I hereby thank thee，before proceeding to discharge other and more important duties，because thou hast proved thyself well worthy of a Christian’s praise．’’…
Questions:
1）This novel was written by the first American novelist．What is his name?
2）What is the name of the novel9
3）The central figure in this novel appeared in
this passage．It
is
3.
To him who in the love of Nature holds
Questions：
1）What is the title of this poem from which these lines are selected?
2）What does the title mean?
3）The meter of this poem
is
4）According to this selection，to whom does nature speak? To what two different human moods does nature respond?
4.
Once upon a midnight dreary，while I pondered，weak and weary，
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore，
While I nodded，nearly napping，suddenly there canle a tapping，
As of some one gently rapping，rapping at my chamber door．
“Tis some visitor，”I muttered，“tapping at my chamber door—
Only this，and nothing more．’’
Ah，distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December，
Questions：
1）Who is the writer of these lines?
2）What is the title of this poem from which the selection is selected?
3）Recognize the sound devices in the following lines．
4）Describe the mood of this poem．
5.
Lo! in you brilliant window-niche
Questions：
1）This is the last stanza of a poem To Helen．Who wrote this poem To Helen?
2）With whom is Helen associated in Line 4 of the present stanza?
3）Who is Psyche?
6.
To go into solitude，a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society．I am not solitary whilst I read and write，though nobody is with me．But if a man would be alone，let him look at the stars．The rays that come from those heavenly worlds，will separate between him and vulgar things．One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design，to give marl，in the heavenly bodies，the perpetual presence of t}1e sublime．Seen in the streets of cities．how：great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years，how would men believe and adore；and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out these preachers of beauty，and light the universe with their admonishing smile．
Questions：
1）This paragraph is taken from a famous essay．What is the name of the essay?
2）Who is the author?
3）What does the author say．would happen if the stars appeared one night in a thousand years?
4）Give a peculiar term to cover the author’s belief．
7.
Standing on the bare ground--my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space--all mean egotism vanishes．I become a transparent eyeball；I am nothing；I see all；the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me；I am part or particle of God．
Questions：
1）Which work is this selection taken from?
2）How do you understand the philosophical ideas in these words?
8.
I went to the woods because 1 wished to live deliberately，to front only the essential facts of life，and see if I could not learn what it had to teach，and not，when I came to die，discover that I had not lived．I did not wish to live what was not life，living is SO dear；nor did 1 wish to practise resignation，unless it was quite necessary．1 wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life，to live SO sturdily and Spartan—like as to put to rout all that was not life，to cut a broad swath and shave close，to drive life into a comer，and reduce it to its lowest terms，and，if it proved to be mean，why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it，and publish its meanness to the world；or if it were sublime，to know it by experience，and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion．For most men，it appears to me，are in a strange uncertainty about it，whether it is of the devil or of Good.
Questions：
1）This passage is taken from a famous work
entitled
2）The author of the work
is
3）List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going to live in the woods．
9.
There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance；that imitation is suicide；that he must take himself for better，for worse，as his portion．．．Trust thyself：every heart vibrates to that iron string．
Who SO would be a man must be a nonconformist．
Questions：
1）This selection is selected from an essay．What is the title of this essay?
2）Who is the author of this essay?
3）According to this selection，what do you think the author believes in?
10.
Questions：
1）Who is the writer of these lines?
2）What is the title of the whole poem from which the two stanzas are taken?
3）Summarize the poet’s advice on living．
11.
Hester Prynne’s term of confinement was now at an end．Her prison—door was thrown open，and she came forth into the sunshine which，falling on all alike，seemed，to her sick and morbid heart，as if meant for no other purpose than to reveal the scarlet letter on her breast．Perhaps there was a more real torture in her first unattended footsteps from the threshold of the prison，than even in the procession and spectacle that have been described，where she was made the common infamy，at which all mankind was summoned to point its finger．Then，she was supported by an unnatural tension of the nerves，and by all the combative energy of her character，which enabled her to convert the scene into a kind of lurid triumph．
Questions：
1）Which novel is this selection taken from?
2）What is the name of the novelist?
3）What are the symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter on Hester’s breast?
12.
It was not very long after speaking the Goney that another homeward—bound whaleman．me Town。HO。was encountered．She was manned almost wholly by Polynesians．In the short gam that ensued she gave US strong news of Moby Dick．To some the general interest in the White Whale was now wildly heightened by a circumstance of the Town．Ho’s story，which seemed obscurely to involve with the whale a certain wondrous，inverted visitation of one of those SO called judgments of God which at times are said to overtake some men．This latter circumstance，with its own particular accompaniments，forming what may be called the secret part of the tragedy about to be narrated，never reached the ears of Captain Ahab or his mates．For that secret part of the story was unknown to the captain of the Town。Ho himself．It was the private property of three confederate white seamen of that ship，one of whom，it seems，communicated it to Tashtego with Romish injunctions of secrecy，but the following night Tashtego rambled in his sleep，and revealed so much of it in that way，that when he was wakened he could not well withhold the rest．Nevertheless，SO potent an influence did this thing have on those seamen in the Pequod who came to the full knowledge of it，and by such a strange delicacy，to call it SO，were they governed in this matter，that they kept the secret among them．selves SO that it never transpired abaft the Pequod’s main—mast．Interweaving in its proper place this darker thread with the story as publicly narrated Oil the ship，the whole of this strange affair I now proceed to put on lasting record．
Questions：
1）From which novel is this paragraph taken?
2）What is the name of the novelist?
3）Who is Ahab?
4）What is Pequod?
5）What is the theme of the novel?
V． Reading comprehension.
1．“I celebrate myself，and sing myself．
2．“Standing on the bare ground--my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space--all mean egotism vanishes．I become a transparent eye—ball；I am nothing；I see all；the currents of the Universal being circulate through me；I am part or particle of God．”
3．“There was，as usual，a crowd of folk about the door，but none that Rip recollected·The very character of the people seemed changed．There was a busy．bustling，disputatious tome about it，instead of the accustomed phlegm and drowsy tranquility．He looked in vain for the sage Nicholoas Vedder．．．’’
4．“Oh，lonely death on lone life! Oh，now I feel my topmost greatness lies in my topmost grief．Ho，ho! from a11 your furthest bounds，pour ye now in，ye bold billows of my whole foregone life，and top this one piled comber of my death! Toward thee I roll，thou a11一destroying but unconquering whale；to the last I grapple with thee；form hells heart I stab at thee；for hates sake I spit my last breath at thee．Sink all Coffins and all hearses to one common pool! And since neither can be mine，let me then tow to pieces，while still chasing thee though tied to thee．thou damned whale!”
5．“．．．On the Sabbath—day，when the congregation were singing a holy psalm，he could not listen，because an anthem of sin rushed loudly upon his ear，and drowned all the blessed strain．When the minister spoke from the pulpit，with power and fervid eloquence，and with his hand on the open bible，of the sacred truths of our religion，and of saint—like lives and triumphant deaths，and of future bliss or misery unutterable，then did Goodman Brown turn pale，dreading，lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers．Often，awakening suddenly at midnight，when the family knelt down at prayer，he scowled，and muttered to himself，and gazed sternly at his wife，and turned pale．”
VI. Analyze the main works.
1．Summarize and analyze Rip Van Winkle．
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