词的构成方式:
一、 词缀法(affixation)
1. 前缀
2. 后缀
二、 转类法(conversion)
1. 名词定语:impulse
buying
2. 名词和动词相互转类:
1) 名词转化为动词:target
“把……定为目标”;
headline “以头条新闻报导”;
2) 动词转化为名词:look-
a look;laugh- a
laugh; cheat- a cheat;
3) 形容词转化为名词:poor-
the poor;
Chinese- the
Chinese; crazy(疯子,傻子)
三、 合词法
1. 复合名词:hot
line; black hole;
2. 复合形容词:round-the-clock
discussion(连续二十四小时的讨论会);
a
not-so-strong football team(一个实力不太强的足球队)
e.g.
He spoke in a look-who’s-talking
tone.
(他以一种“你不看看谁在讲话”的傲慢口吻说。)
3. 复合动词:baby-sit;
breast-feed; sweet-talk(甜言蜜语);lip-read;
四、 逆成法:去掉被误认的后缀构成新词
1. 名词:editor-edit;
beggar-beg; emotion-emote; donation-donate
automation-automate
2. 形容词:gloomy-gloom(使阴暗);
lazy-laze(偷懒)
mass-product——mass production; air-condition——air-conditioning
五、 拼缀法(blending)
首部+尾部:smog = smoke + fog; autocide = automobile +
suicide(撞车自杀)
原形+尾部:Nixonomics = Nixon + economics(尼克松的经济政策)
首部+原形:helipad = helicopter + pad(直升飞机升降场)
首部+首部:psywar = psychological +
warfare(心理战);Amerind = American + Indian
六、 缩略法
1. 缩短词
phone= telephone; copter= helicopter
ad;
mod= modern; demo= demonstration; memo=memorandum(备忘录)
flu=
influenza; fridge= refrigerator; tec= detective(侦探)
2. 首字母缩略词:
Initialisms(首字母连写词): V.O.A; IOC;
Acronym(首字母拼音词):NATO
3.
半缩略词:N-bomb=
nuclear bomb; H-bomb= hydrogen
bomb;
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