阅读原文

It is a wise father that know his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom-or at least confirmthat he’s the kid’d dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore-and another $120 to get the results.

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.

Among the most popular: paternity and kindship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.

Most tests require collecting cells by webbing salivain the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential canditate with whom to compare DNA.

But some observers are skeptical, “ There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mother. The DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-greatparent or, fou generations back,14 other great-great-greatparents.

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on date collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

 

 

题目

26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK’s______.

[A] easy availability

[B] flexibility in pricing.

[C] successful promotion.

[D] popularity with households.

 

27. PTK is used to______.

[A] locate one’s birth place.

[B] promote genetic research.

[C] identify parent-child kindship.

[D] choose children for adoption.

 

28. Skeptical observers believe that an ancestry testing fails to______.

[A] trace distant ancestors.

[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines.

[C] fully use genetic information.

[D] achieve the claimed accuracy.

 

29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is____.

[A] disorganized data collection.

[B] overlapping database building.

[C] excessive sample comparison.

[D] lack of patent evaluation.

 

30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______.

[A] For and Against of DNA testing.

[B] DNA testing and It’s problem.

[C] DNA testing outside the lab.

[D] Lies behind DNA testing.

 

 

全文翻译

第一段

再睿智的父亲也未必认识自己的孩子，但是今天一个男的可以提高作为人父的智慧——或者至少可以确认他是孩子的父亲。所有的需要是在当地药店花费30美元买一套亲子鉴定工具箱，然后再花费120美元拿到结果。

根据Doug Fog，基因识别公司（制作厂外生产工具包的公司）的首席操作执行官，自从去年亲子鉴定包第一次成为非处方药后，已经有超过六万人购买。超过24家直接向公众售卖DNA测试工具，价格范围从几百美元到2500美元不等。

最流行的是：亲子和家族测试，被收养的孩子可以使用它去寻找自己的亲戚，最近也受到许多族谱学家的追捧，也支持了那些寻找家族根源的商业。

大多数的检测要求通过在口腔中蘸取唾液收集细胞，并且送细胞到公司去做检测。所有的测试要求有可比较的DNA候选者。

但是一些观察者持怀疑态度，纽约大学社会学家Trey Duster说：“人们声称他们做的祖先检测的兜售是有精度错误的。”他注意到追溯过去几个世纪每个人就有好几百个祖先。然而，大多数祖先测试只考虑了单个血统，或者父系中只通过男性遗传的Y染色体，或者只通过母系传递的线粒体染色体。DNA仅仅可以揭示一到两代的遗传信息，即使如此，例如，仅仅追溯三代以上有6个外曾祖父母，四代以上，有14个外曾曾曾祖父母。

批评家们也说商业基因测试只能与收集的样品进行比较。一些公司使用的数据不是系统的收集来的而是来自于不同研究项目的结合。这意味着DNA数据库可能不同，这取决于处理最终结果的公司。另外，公司用来评估亲属关系的电脑程序可能被授予专利并且他们不会听从同行或者外人的评估。

 

 

逐句翻译

第一段

It is a wise father that know his own child, but today a man can boost(促进；增加) his paternal (fatherly) wisdom-or at least confirm(确认；确定) that he’s the kid’d dad.

再睿智的父亲也未必认识自己的孩子，但是今天一个男的可以提高作为人父的智慧——或者至少可以确认他是孩子的父亲。

It is a+形容词+名词+ that…结构中的that引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词。这一结构表示含蓄否定的一种特殊句式，意思为“无论怎么样……也不会……”，此句非强调句。

 

 

All he needs to do is shell(剥落) our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore-and another $120 to get the results.

所有的需要是在当地药店花费30美元买一套亲子鉴定工具箱，然后再花费120美元拿到结果。

 

 

第二段

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available(可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的) without prescriptions(医药处方) last years, according to Doug Fog, chief(首领；酋长；首席的；主要的) operating officer of Identigene, which makesthe over-the-counter kits.

根据Doug Fog，基因识别公司（制作厂外生产工具包的公司）的首席操作执行官，自从去年亲子鉴定包第一次成为非处方药后，已经有超过六万人购买。

 

 

More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.

超过24家直接向公众售卖DNA测试工具，价格范围从几百美元到2500美元不等。

 

 

第三段

Among the most popular: paternity and kindship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage(愤怒；肆虐；流行) a many passionate(热情的；热烈的) genealogists(族谱学家)-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.

最流行的是：亲子和家族测试，被收养的孩子可以使用它去寻找自己的亲戚，最近也受到许多族谱学家的追捧，也支持了那些寻找家族根源的商业。

 

 

第四段

Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva(唾液) in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.

大多数的检测要求通过在口腔中蘸取唾液收集细胞，并且送细胞到公司去做检测。

 

 

All tests require a potential canditate with whom to compare DNA.

所有的测试要求有可比较的DNA候选者。

 

第五段

But some observers are skeptical, “ There is a kind of false precision being hawked(兜售；叫卖) by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist.

但是一些观察者持怀疑态度，纽约大学社会学家Trey Duster说：“人们声称他们做的祖先检测的兜售是有精度错误的。”

 

 

He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.

他注意到追溯过去几个世纪每个人就有好几百个祖先。

 

 

Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage(血统；家系，世系), either the Y chromosome(染色体) inherited(遗传的；继承) through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial(线粒体的) DNA, which a passed down only from mother.

然而，大多数祖先测试只考虑了单个血统，或者父系中只通过男性遗传的Y染色体，或者只通过母系传递的线粒体染色体。

 

 

The DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-greatparent or, fou generations back,14 other great-great-greatparents.

DNA仅仅可以揭示一到两代的遗传信息，即使如此，例如，仅仅追溯三代以上有6个外曾祖父母，四代以上，有14个外曾曾曾祖父母。

 

 

第六段

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample(取样；尝试；样品；试样的) is compared.

批评家们也说商业基因测试只能与收集的样品进行比较。

 

 

Databases used by some companies don’t rely on date collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.

一些公司使用的数据不是系统的收集来的而是来自于不同研究项目的结合。

 

 

This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results.

这意味着DNA数据库可能不同，这取决于处理最终结果的公司。

 

 

In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate(估计；判断；看法；估量)relationships may be patented(专利的) and not subject to (使服从；使遭受) peer review or outside evaluation.

另外，公司用来评估亲属关系的电脑程序可能被授予专利并且他们不会听从同行或者外人的评估。

 

 

题目翻译

26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK’s______.

[A] easy availability

[B] flexibility in pricing.

[C] successful promotion.

[D] popularity with households.

 

26. 在第一段和第二段，文章展示亲子鉴定工具箱的_______。

[A] 容易获得。

[B] 价格灵活。

[C] 成功促销。

[D] 在家庭内流行。

 

27. PTK is used to______.

[A] locate one’s birth place.

[B] promote genetic research.

[C] identify parent-child kindship.

[D] choose children for adoption.

 

27.亲子鉴定被用来_______。

[A] 定位一个人的出生地。

[B] 促进基因研究。

[C] 辨别父母孩子的关系。

[D] 选择抚养的孩子。

 

28. Skeptical observers believe that an ancestry testing fails to______.

[A] trace distant ancestors.

[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines.

[C] fully use genetic information.

[D] achieve the claimed accuracy.

 

28. 持怀疑态度的发现者相信祖先测试失败于_______。

[A] 追溯更早的祖先。

[B] 重建可靠的血统。

[C] 充分的使用基因信息。

[D] 获得声称的精度。

 

29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is____.

[A] disorganized data collection.

[B] overlapping(重叠；覆盖；与…重叠；盖过) database building.

[C] excessive(过多的，极度的；过分的) sample comparison.

[D] lack of patent evaluation.

 

29. 在最后一段，商业基因测试面临的一个问题是______。

[A] 杂乱无章的数据收集。

[B] 重叠的数据建立。

[C] 过多的样本比较。

[D] 缺乏专利评估。

 

30. An appropriate(适当的；恰当的；合适的；占用；拔出) title for the text is most likely to be______.

[A] For and Against of DNA testing.

[B] DNA testing and It’s problem.

[C] DNA testing outside the lab.

[D] Lies behind DNA testing.

 

30. 这篇文章最恰当的标题可能是_______。

[A] 同意或者反对DNA测试。

[B] DNA测试和它的问题。

[C] 实验室外的DNA测试。

[D] DNA背后的谎言。