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双宾语与复合宾语

(2017-10-30 15:09:55)
标签:

教育

分类: 教育教学

双宾语与复合宾语

 

双宾语是指句中包含两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,另一个是间接宾语。即双宾语=直接宾语+间接宾语往往指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语,他们之间是非主谓关系;

复合宾语是指句中包含一个宾语和一个宾语补足语,即复合宾语=宾语+宾语补足语”,一般情况下(除过去分词作宾补外)宾语与宾补为逻辑主谓关系。

  1. I bought her a new MP3 player as a birthday present.(双宾语)

  2. She considered the MP3 player I bought very precious.(宾语补足语)

  3. We all call him Wang old.(宾语补足语)

 

宾语补足语

宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明,使句子结构变的更加完整,这个成分我们称之为宾语补足语。

它和前面的宾语一起形成复合宾语它可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词或动词不定式等。

一般包含宾语补足语的句型有两种形式,即谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语介词+宾语+宾语补足语

 

  1. 形容词作宾语补足语,常见的动词有:make, keep, get, find, wish, leave, see, consider等。

  Li Ming finds it necessary to reply..

Who left the window open?

  2. 名词作宾语补足语,常见的接宾补结构的动词有:call, name, think, make, find, consider等。例如:

  They all consider her a good student.

We call him Lao Li.

  3. 动词make, let, hear, watch, see, have, notice等使役和感官动词之后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但这种结构变为被动语态时,不定式就必须带to。例如:

  I saw Tom take away the magazine. Please omit  overlook neglect

被动结构: The magazine was seen to take away by Tom

  4. to do动词不定式作宾语补足语,此类动词有ask, tell, want, wish.。例如:

The teachers asked us to study hard from then on.

  5. 分词作宾语补足语,现在分词作宾补表示宾语正在进行的动作;过去分词作宾补表示与宾语之间是被动关系。例如:

  I saw a little girl drawing under the tree.

When we got to the classroom, we found the door locked.

  6. 介词短语作宾语补足语。例如:

The police found the lost boy in a wooden house.

  7. 副词作宾语补足语。例如:

I found her out just now.

[特别提醒]宾语和宾语补足语之间存在一种逻辑上的主谓关系;双宾语则没有这种关系。

试比较:

  The soft music makes us relaxed. 这个柔美的音乐使我们放松了。

  (relaxed是宾语us的补足语,两者之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可以说We are relaxed.)

  The football game brought us a lot of fun. 这场足球赛带给我们无穷的快乐。

(usa lot of fun是动词brought的双宾语。两者并不是主谓关系,不可以说We are a lot of fun.)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型

 

一、许多动词可跟一个宾语 + to do…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如:

My boss told me to type out two letters.

分析:句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

They forbade her to leave the country.

Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.

高中范围内,适用于动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:adviseallowaskbegcausedirectencourageexpectforbidforceinviteorderpermitpersuaderemindre-questrequireteachtellwantwarn等。

 

二、有些动词可跟宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

I consider him to be the best candidate.

分析:句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

I know him to be a liar.

I suppose him to be away from home.

高中范围内,适用于动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:considerdeclarediscoverfeelfindsuppose等。

 

三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

He saw her enter the room.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

She won't let me do it.

I heard her lock the door.

We watched the children play games.

高中范围内,适用于动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feelhavehearletmakenoticeobserveseewatch等。还有两个词组:listen tolook at.

注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如:

A child was seen to enter the building.

She was often heard to sing this song.

 

四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。例如:

I'll help you(to) push the cart.

分析:句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。

上句的被动语态为:You'll be helped to push the cart.

 

五、有些动词+介词的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

He shouted to me to come over.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子,句子的结构为动词+介词+宾语+to do…”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

I depend on you to do it.

I am counting on you to help me through.

高中范围内,适用于动词+介词+宾语+to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shout to sb.to docall on sb. to docount on sb. to dodepend on sb. to dowait for sb. to do等。

 

六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:

He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由句意可知,为国际奥委会工作发生在前,大家知道发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

They are believed to have discussed the problem.

 

七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式:

He is believed to be living in Mexico.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。

Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.

He is thought to be hiding in the woods.

间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如:

She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.

 

八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:

he didn't want her son to be taken away.

分析:句中“She”做主语,“didn't want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。

I'd like this room to be redecorated.

He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.

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