Kinds of Company

公司的分类

Companies may be classified into incorporated company or Unincorporated company.

公司可以分为依法成立的公司和非法公司。

Incorporated company is formed for the purpose of caring on a business and is incorporated under the company act 1956.

依法成立的公司是指以经营某种行业为目的，在1956年《公司法》下成立的。

Unincorporated companies are not regarded as distinct entities separated from its members, and the liability of their members is unlimited.

非法成立的公司不是独立的法律实体，其成员承担无限责任。

Companies may be classified into Statutory companies and Registered company on the basis of incorporated.

公司按成立方式可以分为法定公司和注册公司。 

Statutory companies are created by a special act of the legislature, such as the Reserve Bank of India, the State Bank of India, the Life Insurance Corporation, etc.

法定公司是依据权利机关的特殊法案创立的，比如印度储备银行，印度国家银行、人寿保险公司等等。

Registered Company is those companies which formed and registered under the company act 1956.

注册公司是指在1956年《公司法》下成立并注册的。

On the basis of liability companies may be classified into Companies with limited liability or unlimited liability.

按承担的责任公司可以分为有限责任和无限责任。

Companies with limited liability

有限责任公司

Companies limited by shares股份有限责任公司

Where the liability of the members of a company is limited to the amount unpaid on the shares. If the shares are fully paid, the liability of the members holding such shares is nil. 成员的责任仅限于未缴的股份。如股份全部缴清，则该成员的责任为零。

Companies limited by Guarantee 担保有限责任公司

Where the liability of the members is limited to a fixed amount. 成员的责任仅限于固定的金额。

Unlimited companies

无限责任公司

A company without limited liability is known as an unlimited company. Where every member is liable for the debts of the company, in proportion to his interest. 一个公司没有责任的限制称为无限责任公司。其成员按需比例承担公司的债务。

From the point of view of the general public and on the basis of number of members, a company may be a private company or a public company.

从普遍的观点出发，且按成员的多少可以将公司分为私营公司和大众公司。

Private company

私营有限公司

Also called a “closed company”, a private company with restricted right of transfer its shares, and limited numbers of its members to 50, is prohibited any invitation to the public.

私营有限公司又被称作“封闭公司”，其股份转移受到限制，股东数量不超过50人，并被禁止从社会上融资。

Public company

公众公司

Where a company is allowed to transfer its shares, with unlimited number of members, and free to invite to the public.

公众公司可以自由转移股份，其股东数量无上限，并可从社会上自由融资。

 2022年4月  北京