Characteristics of a company
公司的特点
There are 2 most important characteristics of a company:
separate legal entity and limited liability.
公司有两个最重要的特点：独立法律实体和有限责任
Separate legal
entity
独立法律实体
A company is in law regarded as an entity separated
from its members. Any of its members can enter into contracts with
the company, but cannot be held liable of the acts of the company.
The company's money and property belong to the company, not to the
shareholders.
从法律上讲，一个公司是独立的实体。任何公司成员都可以与该公司签订契约，但并不承担该公司的债务。公司的财产属于该公司，而不属于股东。
Limited Liability
有限责任
The privilege of limited liability for business debts is
one of the principal advantages of doing business under the
corporate form of business organization.
“债务的有限责任”是在商业组织形式下进行商业活动的一个重要优势。
In a company limited by shares, the liability of members
is limited to the unpaid value of the shares.
对于一个有限股份公司来说，其成员的债务只局限于那些还没有缴清的股份。
Perpetual succession
永久生存
A company is a juristic person with a perpetual
succession. It never dies, nor does its life depend on the life of
its members.
公司是法律意义上的人，具有永久生存能力。他不会死亡，其生死与否也不取决于其成员生命的长短。
Common seal
印章
Since company has no physical existence, it must act
through its agents and all such contracts entered into by its
agents must be under the seal of the company.
由于公司不是物理存在的，所以其行为必须通过代理人实现，签订契约也必须有公司的印章。
Transferability of shares
股份转移
These shares of a company are freely transferable,so that
no shareholder is permanently or necessarily wedded to a
company.
公司股份可以自由转移，这样股东就不必绑定在一个公司。
Separated property
独立资产
As a company is a legal person distinct from its member,
it is capable of owning, enjoying and disposing of property inits
own name. Although its capital and assets are contributed by its
shareholders, but they are not the owner.
公司是法律实体，对自有财产有权使用和处理。虽然这些财产都是股东提供的，但他们不再是这些财产的拥有者。
Capacity to sue
诉讼权
A company can sue and be sued in its corporate
name.
公司可以自己的名字起诉或被起诉。
2022年3月 北京
《印度公司法》系列：公司的特点
Characteristics of a company
公司的特点
There are 2 most important characteristics of a company: separate legal entity and limited liability.
公司有两个最重要的特点：独立法律实体和有限责任
Separate legal entity
独立法律实体
A company is in law regarded as an entity separated from its members. Any of its members can enter into contracts with the company, but cannot be held liable of the acts of the company. The company's money and property belong to the company, not to the shareholders.
从法律上讲，一个公司是独立的实体。任何公司成员都可以与该公司签订契约，但并不承担该公司的债务。公司的财产属于该公司，而不属于股东。
Limited Liability
有限责任
The privilege of limited liability for business debts is one of the principal advantages of doing business under the corporate form of business organization.
“债务的有限责任”是在商业组织形式下进行商业活动的一个重要优势。
In a company limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the unpaid value of the shares.
对于一个有限股份公司来说，其成员的债务只局限于那些还没有缴清的股份。
Perpetual succession
永久生存
A company is a juristic person with a perpetual succession. It never dies, nor does its life depend on the life of its members.
公司是法律意义上的人，具有永久生存能力。他不会死亡，其生死与否也不取决于其成员生命的长短。
Common seal
印章
Since company has no physical existence, it must act through its agents and all such contracts entered into by its agents must be under the seal of the company.
由于公司不是物理存在的，所以其行为必须通过代理人实现，签订契约也必须有公司的印章。
Transferability of shares
股份转移
These shares of a company are freely transferable,so that no shareholder is permanently or necessarily wedded to a company.
公司股份可以自由转移，这样股东就不必绑定在一个公司。
Separated property
独立资产
As a company is a legal person distinct from its member, it is capable of owning, enjoying and disposing of property inits own name. Although its capital and assets are contributed by its shareholders, but they are not the owner.
公司是法律实体，对自有财产有权使用和处理。虽然这些财产都是股东提供的，但他们不再是这些财产的拥有者。
Capacity to sue
诉讼权
A company can sue and be sued in its corporate name.
公司可以自己的名字起诉或被起诉。
2022年3月 北京