《急就篇》为西汉人史游所著,以63字为一章。第一部分列举了132个姓,单姓加两字、复姓加一字成三字句,所加的字都是一些抽象名词、动词、形容词,以便学童识字学习;第二部分“言物”,依次叙述了锦绣、饮食、衣物、臣民、器物、虫鱼、服饰、音乐、形体、兵器、车马、宫室、植物、动物、疾病、药品、丧葬等方面,七字一句,有韵,读来顺口;第三部分写的是职官方面的字。全书最后用四字句歌颂汉代的盛世。流传至今最早的《急就章》写本传为皇象书,今有刻本流传。而以明代吉水(今属江西省)杨政于正统四年(1439)时,据宋人叶梦得颍昌本摹刻的为最著名,因刻于松江,故名“松江本”,原石现藏松江县博物馆。
《急就章》原名《急就篇》,是西汉元帝时命令黄门令史游为儿童识字编的识字课本。因篇首有“急就”二字而得名。《急就篇》用不同的字组成三言、四言或七言的韵文,内容涉及姓名、组织、生物、礼乐、职官等各方面,如一部小的百科全书。该文从汉至唐一直是社会流传的主要识字教材,同时,抄写规范精雅
的本子也有作为临书范本的功能。唐代以后,《急就篇》的主导蒙学教材地位方为《千字文》、《百家姓》、《三字经》所代替。
皇象,字体明,广陵江都人。官至青州刺史。三国吴著名书法家。善八分,小篆,尤善章草。其章草妙入神品。他的草书与曹不兴绘画,严武的围棋等并称“八绝。”《急就章》是古代的识字课本,以皇象写本最早。前人对皇象书法评价甚高,唐张怀瑾曰:“右军隶书,以一形而众相,万字皆别;休明章草,相众而形一,万字皆同,各造其极。”可见他创造了“相众而形一”的书风,在书法史上有重要意义。
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流传至今最早的《急就章》写本传为皇象书,今有刻本流传。而以明代吉水(今属江西省)杨政于正统四年(1439)时,据宋人叶梦得颍昌本摹刻的为最著名,因刻于松江,故名“松江本”,原石现藏松江县博物馆。此本章草和楷书各书一行,字形规范,笔力刚健,寓变化于统一,其字结体略扁,各字间均不牵连。有些笔画下笔尖细,重按后上挑,出锋镰利,形成不规则的三角形,成为其字的重要特点。此书点画简约、凝重、含蓄,笔意多隶,笔划虽有牵丝,但有法度,字字独立内敛。横、捺、点画多作波磔,整篇气息古朴、温厚,沉着痛快,纵横自然。近人沈曾植《海日楼札丛》称:“细玩此书,笔势全注波发,而波发纯是八分笔势,但是唐人八分,非汉人八分。”此帖对后世影响甚大,至今仍为古章草的代表作品,亦是公认的章草范本之一。
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