动词不定式在高考试题中的考查形式

                                       

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动词不定式是历年高考中的必考点，也是许多考生应试中的难点。为了能使考生更好的理解和掌握动词不定式，我们从它在高考中的常考点及考查形式上分析归纳，试图找出一种较为理想的解决方法，以帮助广大考生。

形式一、adj. + 不定式  

1. You were silly not _______ your car.  （04湖南/33） 

  A. to lock B. to have locked    C. locking            D. having locked

2. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good________.(08全国1, 26)

A. to be breathed       B. to breathe        C. breathing          D. being breathed  

3. The difference in the thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad more comfortable __________.(2011福建27)

A. held               B. holding          C. be held            D. to hold

答案与解析：1.B 2.B 3.D.“adj.+不定式”作表语和补足语说明主语和宾语的特征时，常以“主动形式”表示“被动意义”。

形式二、疑问词/whether + 不定式

1. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________（02全国32）

　Ａ. it what to do with　 Ｂ. what to do it with  Ｃ. what to do with it　Ｄ. to do what with it

2. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion. (09四川2)

  A. to have             B. having          C. have              D. had

答案与解析：1.C 2.A. “疑问词/whether + 不定式”常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

形式三、the 序数词 (n )+ 不定式

—The last one _______ pays the meal. (07全国Ⅰ, 25)

—Agreed!

A. arrived             B. arrives           C. to arrive          D. arriving

答案与解析：选C。 the first, the second, the last, the only thing等常跟不定式作定语。

形式四、only +不定式

George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. (2012山东26)  

A. to be told           B. telling            C. being told        D. told  

答案与解析：选A。 only to do表示“未预料到”的结果，由于tell与句子主语George 是逻辑上的被动关系，故选A。注意：only doing则表示“自然或必然”的结果。

形式五、sb,/sth. is V+ed (said, reported, believed, considered…) +不定式

1. AIDS is said _______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. (06湖北卷33)

A. that it is            B. to be             C. that it has been     D. to have been

2. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of LiuXiang, who was reported ________ the world record in the 110—meter hurdle race. (07辽宁29)

A. breaking           B. having broken      C. to have broken     D. to break

3. He is thought _________foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .（2014江西卷34）

A. to act            B. to have acted        C. acting            D. having acted

答案与解析：1.D 2.C 3.B. 不定式分别在句子中作主语补足语。

形式六、find, feel, think, believe, consider, make it adj./ n  + 不定式

Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _________.(09湖南29)

A. reusing  B. reused           C. reuses       D. to be reused

答案与解析：选D。不定式在句子中作宾语，it为形式宾语。

形式七、do all/everything (that) one can +不定式 = do what one can +不定式

  2001全国卷改错题中有一句：

    My parents love me dearly and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.

  答案与解析：句中make前应加to。在句式do all one can to do sth.中，不定式to do sth.作目的状语，而one can (do)为all的定语从句。

注意：不定式作目的状语是高考考查的热点

1. ________ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early(2015北京21)

  A. Catching          B. Caught            C. To catch            D. Catch

2. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ________ people’s concern over food safety. (2011重庆29)

A. to raise           B. raising             C. to have raised       D. having raised

 答案与解析：1.C,  2.A。不定式分别在句子中作目的状语。

形式八、see, watch, notice, observe; listen to, hear/let, make have sb + (不带to)不定式

1. While watching television, ________. （05全国卷3）

A. the doorbell rang                       B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring                D. we heard the doorbell rings

2. — Excuse me sir , where is Room301 ?  (07北京28)

    — Just a minute .I’ll have Bob ________ you to your room.

A. show          B. shows             C. to show             D. showing

答案与解析：1.C 2.A。不定式作感官动词see, watch, notice, observe; listen to, hear及使役动词let, make have的宾语补足语时，不带不定式符号。但作主语补足语时，必须加上to。

Paul doesn’t have to be made ________ . He always works hard . (全国卷95, 11)

  A. learn            B. to learn            C. learned              D. learning

形式九、n. + 不定式    

1. With the world changing fast, we have something new _________ with all by ourselves every day. (09重庆/29)

A. deal             B. dealt            C. to deal              D. dealing

2. His first book 　　　　 next month is based on a true story.  （10陕西卷19）                      

  A. published        B. to be published      C. to publish            D. being published

  3. Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one________.(06安徽)

  A. blamed          B. blaming            C. to blame             D. to be blamed

4. Thai is the only way we can imagine    ____ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. (2010上海卷40).                                                                    

A. reducing         B. to reduce           C. reduced             D. reduce     

5. 2006福建卷改错题有一句：

  We usually work only five hours a day, so we will have plenty of spare time visit the area and

have fun.

答案与解析：

1.C。 不定式短语to deal with 作something new 的定语。

2. B。 publish与被修饰的名词book 是逻辑上的被动关系且动作尚未发生，故用不定式作定语。

3. C。在英语中，blame修饰名词或作be的表语时，常以主动形式表示被动意义。

        4. B。 此句中we can imagine和to reduce the overuse of water一并修饰名词the only way。英语中一些名词time, way, right, chance, reason, effort, ability,等后常跟不定式作定语。

        5. 应在visit前加to，不定式短语to visit the area修饰名词time。

注意：1.不定式作定语修饰名词时，如果不定式本身是不及物动词构成，其后须加介词

        Your brother is a good fellow to work with.     你的弟弟是个很能共亊的人。

        The room is too small for five people to rest in.  这个房间太小，五个人无法休息。

2. 不定式的使用有时态和语态之分

不定式的一般式to do/to be done 表示动作尚未发生；

不定式的完成式 to have done/to have been done 则表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

形式十、why not, had better, would rather, rather than, might as well, do nothing but + do sth.

1. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _______ a bicycle. (94全国卷 22)

 A. ride ；ride       B. riding ；ride       C. ride ；to ride       D. to ride ；riding

答案与解析：选C. 在句式prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.中，rather than 并列了两个不定式作prefer的宾语。在英语中，当两个不定式并列时，第二个不定式应省去不定式符号。

2. 2008重庆卷改错题有一句：

We’d better not to miss the chance to enjoy it.

答案与解析：去掉miss前的不定式符号to，had better后跟动词原形。

He can’t do anything but to ask silly questions. 　

答案与解析：去掉ask前to。当but/except之前有实义动词do时，其后的不定式符号须省略。但当but/except之前没有实义动词do时，其后的不定式符号则不能省略。

例如：She had no choice but to fight to the end.. 她没有别的选择，只有斗争到底。