简单句(Simple Sentence)的五种基本句型
(2016-06-17 20:03:40)分类: 资源共享 |
2016届英语写作技巧点拨(二)
简单句(Simple Sentence)的五种基本句型
由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子,叫简单句。
eg: I go to school at 6:30 in the morning.
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:
S十V主谓结构
S十V十P主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2
主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C
主谓宾补结构
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
基本句型一:
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:come, go, rise, work, swim, jump, cry, appear, apologize, arrive, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, listen, lie等等。如:
e.g.
译:1) 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________
2) 她再次向我道歉。_______________________________________
3) 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________
注意:英语中有许多动词既可用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词,视具体的使用场合而定。如:read, study, learn, sing等。
Lucy is singing over there now.
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:
A.
表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear,
keep, remain,
等等。如:
8) He ________ worried just now.
刚才他看上去有些焦急。
9)
这种食物尝起来很可口。_________________________________________________.
B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如:
10)
11)
不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。
12)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:
eg: We study English every day.
Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.
She plans to travel in the coming May Day.
13)
我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.
14)They have ________ ________ _________ of the
children.这些孩子他们照看得很好。
基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构,O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:
15)Yesterday her father_______ _______ _______
_______ as a birthday
present.
昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
16) The old man is telling the children stories about
the heroes in the Long March.(译)
___________________________________________________。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:
A. 动词 + sth + for sb
可用于此结构的常见动词有:buy, make, order(订购), do, get, fetch, sing, cook等。
B. 动词 + sth + to sb
可用于此结构的常见动词有:give, pass, hand, bring, take, show, send, borrow, lend, write, tell, teach, offer, throw, pay(偿还)等。
17) Please show me your picture. ==Please _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
18) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.
= I'll offer _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ as long as you don't lose heart.
这种句型中的“宾语+补语”可统称为“复合宾语”, 宾语补足语的主要作用是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。补语常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
如: 1) You should keep the room clean and tidy.
2) We made/elected him our monitor.
3) His father told him not to play in the street.
4) My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如: 1) The boss made him do the work all day.
2) I heard her sing in the next room last night.
译:19)Keep ________________________________, please.
请让孩子们安静下来。
一.请判断下列句子的结构类型。
1. He is
running.
2. The
loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3. The
little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4. She
seemed angry.
5. My
father bought me a beautiful present.
6. Why
do you keep your eyes closed?
7. Will
you tell us an exciting story?
8. We
must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9. I
heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
10. Can
you push the window open?
二.翻译下列简单句。
1.依我看,他在浪费时间。
________________________________________________________
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
________________________________________________________________________________
15.
_______________________________________________________________________________
16.
17.我发现他很滑稽可笑。________________________________________________________
18.
19.你的功课学的怎么样?________________________________________________________
20.他宁可呆在家里也不愿见她。_________________________________________________