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单数可数名词不用冠词情况15种

(2016-10-27 14:52:51)
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杂谈

单数可数名词不用冠词情况15种

江苏  田 

北师大《中小学外语教学》1991/No.11

 

在谈到冠词用法时,语法书上一般都要强调一点:“单数可数名词不能不用冠词。”单数可数名词前忘记使用冠词是初学者常犯的错误,然而随着英语学习的深入,不少学生又会走向另一个极端。一遇到单数可数名词.就加冠词,殊不知.单数可数名词前,有时是不用冠词的。这些地方正是我们中学英语教学中的一大难点。现试将单数可数名词前不用冠词的情况归纳如下:

1.说话时的称呼。这类词常用于表示家庭成员之间的称呼或是表示职务、身份的词,如 dad,uncle,nurse,doctor,boy等:

Here they are.professor.(p.125,SBII)

You’re wearing it. Father.(p.125,SBⅡ)

2.对某人某物的感叹语。名词前常有poor, lovely等修饰语:

“Poor boy!”said the captain over and over.(p.298,SBI)

“Poor thing!”said Brace.(p.310,SBI)

3.报道、广告、文件等的标题:

Bus stuck on Highway 66.(p.273,SBⅡ)

Well received bilingual magazine still aims high (p.5,China Daily,1/14/’91)

4.电报用语

Received Dictionary Thanks(p.450,PEW)

5.用于go/come to…和in/at…的搭配中的不确切地点的名词,常表示相应的目的:

go to college(上大学),     come to school(来上学),

go to church(去做礼拜),   go to bed(睡觉)

in hospital(住院),         in prison(坐牢)

at library(在图书馆看书),  go to sea(出海)

6.介词by后跟的运输工具类名词:

by bus/car/boat/spaceship/train以及on foot等。

7.介词at/by后表示白天、黑夜、时辰的名词:

at night,by day,at noon,at sunrise。

8.动词play后跟的球类名词:

play basketball/football。

9.由一个人担任的职务前:

In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States(p.86,SBI)

Comrade Wang was Chairman of the meeting.(D.90.SBI)

10.表示种类的名词+of结构后出现的单数可数名词:

a kind of bus,a11 sorts of pen,two types of machine。

11.在疑问代词what后及在as作“尽管”解时的倒装结构前:

What fool has done it?

Child as she is,she knows a 1ot of English.

12.由介词或连词连结两个相同的、成对的或关系密切的单数可数名词:

step by step,side by side,day by day,day and night,face to face,arm in arm,sword in hand,man and woman, like father,like son(有其父.必有其子).

13.单数可数名词前已有物主代词、指示代词等其他限定词时:

只可说my friend而不可说my a friend。只可说any student而不可说any the student。

(但a11,both,half三个限定词有时可和冠词连用。)

14.当man表示“人类”、“word”表示“消息”或“通知”等时:

Man will conquer nature.

Word came from Berlin that no language but German may be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine.(p.167,SBⅡ)

15.一些惯语中:

on earth究竟,at hand在手边/迫近,with child怀孕,out of question毫无疑问,take office就职。

大纲词汇表中这类短语还有:

for example例如,by hand用手的,手工的,in fact事实上,in line排队,一致, in place of代替,take place发生,in town在城里,take part in参加。

 

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