特殊句式与高级词汇在英语写作中的应用

高级词汇和复杂句式的使用是衡量高中生英语写作水平的一个重要指标。许多高中生在英语写作中基本能够表述自己希望表达的思想，但是贫乏的词汇和单一的句式结构影响了作文的整体风貌。丰富多彩的词汇和灵活多变的句式可以点石成金，使一篇简短的英语作文变得跌宕起伏、摇曳生姿，使读者产生一种耳目一新的感觉。高级词汇和特殊句式应该在高中英语写作中得到相应的应用，但在运用中需要注意恰当、灵活、自然。

一、高级词汇在高中英语写作中的应用

高级词汇，是指较为复杂的，更为书面化的词汇。学生可以用些书面化的、典雅的词汇，以代替那些司空见惯的词汇。在英语写作中，词汇使用得恰当，不仅能够使文章更加生动活泼，而且也可以吸引阅卷老师的眼球，成为评分时的加分亮点。

1．避免运用“过滥”的词汇

据统计，高中生在英语写作中经常会遇到“我喜欢……”、“我想去(做)……”和“有益的”等的表达，很多学生习惯地运用“I like...”“I want to...”“helpful”等平庸无奇、毫无新意的词汇。虽然运用这些简单的词汇并不错，但是在短短的100多字的作文中如果充斥了过多这样的词汇，其实也反映出该生词汇的贫乏和表现力的欠缺。

但是，如果将上述表达换成“...is one of my favorite hobbies”“I would like to...”和“be of benefit”会显得更正式，更让人产生新奇的感觉。

很显然，采用了高级词汇的句子更加新颖一些，也更能吸引读者的注意力。这也表现出了作者较强的语言运用能力。

2．使用新颖的表达方式和高级词汇

对于一些优秀的学生来讲，可以通过各种途径，寻找与众不同的表达方式。学生在写作的过程中，可以有意地运用一些自己已经学过的、有把握的词汇，也可以使用构词法变来的新词或使用在课外阅读中所学到的适合所写文章语境的表达方式。例如：

In short，things have began to improve since schools were called to reduce learning load...but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well...As far as I know，everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things...

本片段使用了所学单词end的派生词endless，arrange的名词arrangement，还使用了in short，as far as I know等关联词，增强了句与句之间的联系，使文章浑然一体。

高中生在英语写作中应该追求新意，有意地多运用一些新奇的高级英语词汇。这将会使作文的形式和内容之间更富有张力，也将进一步增强高中生灵活运用高级词汇的能力，提高他们的写作水平。

二、特殊句式在英语写作中的应用

(一)如何写好倒装句

1．表语位于句首引起的倒装句

其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。

Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS.

出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。

2．“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首引起的倒装句

only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首。

Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.

只有当他说出那个字后他才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

3．“not until...”位于句首引起的倒装句

Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.

直到离开家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。

4．“not only...but also...”结构中“not only”位于句首引起的倒装句

[句式升级]　在高级词汇“not only...but also...”基础上再使用倒装更提高了句子档次。

I can not only keep in touch with my friends and family through my cell，but also almost all information can be gathered on the Internet.

→Not only can I keep in touch with my friends and family through my cell，but also almost all information can be gathered on the Internet.(倒装要比陈述好)

5．“so/such...that...”结构中so/such及后接成分位于句首引起的倒装句。

So hospitable and civilized are the people here that you will enjoy yourself travelling in our city.

这儿的人们既好客又文明，在我们城市里旅游，你会很开心。

[句式升级]　恰当使用倒装句，使句子显得更加高级。

It is so breathtaking a park that everyone wants to visit it.

→So breathtaking is it a park that everyone wants to visit it.(“倒”出来的效果)

→It is so breathtaking a park as everyone wants to visit.(升级常见句型：结果状语从句升级到定语从句。是不是有点“标新立异”？)

6．hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中hardly，no sooner位于句首引起的倒装句。否定词放于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。

Hardly had he heard the news when he began to cry.

一听到这个消息他就哭了。

[点睛]　在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...句型中主句常用过去完成时。

(二)如何写好强调句

1．强调句的结构

It is/was＋强调句部分＋that/who＋句子剩余部分。

It is precisely because of doing part－time jobs that college students can gain social experience and broaden their horizons.

正是因为做兼职工作，大学生们才能获得社会经验，开阔视野。

2．使用强调句的特殊疑问句

疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋句子剩余部分？

What was it that made him so upset?

究竟是什么让他如此伤心？

[点睛]　强调句的特殊疑问句放于宾语从句的位置时，应变为陈述语序。

①He couldn't understand why was it that she had made such a stupid mistake.(×)

②He couldn't understand why it was that she had made such a stupid mistake.(√)

3．使用It was not until...that...句型

It was not until I met with you that I knew the truth.

直到我遇见你才知道事情的真相。

(三)如何写好there be句型

1．There be句型的基本意义：某地有某物

There is an increase of about 10 percent，compared with last year.与去年相比较，大约增加了百分之十。

[点睛]　由于受汉语影响，有些同学在使用这个句型时常常把be误用成have的某种形式。

下午将有一场演讲。

①There is going to have a lecture this afternoon.(×)

②There is going to be a lecture this afternoon.(√)

2．Where there be...there be...“哪里有……哪里就有……”

As the detailed analyses above have shown us，where there is life，there is hope.

正如上面详尽的论述所示，活着就有希望。

3．There be＋名词＋分词短语

There are three factors contributing to this attitude as follows.

有三个因素促成了下面的观点。

[点睛]　在这一句型中，有些同学常常把分词误用成动词原形。

有些学生支持这个主意。

①There are some students support the idea.(×)

②There are some students supporting the idea.(√)

③Some students support the idea.(√)

4．There be＋no doubt/no denying/no need/no sense/no use...that...

“毫无疑问/不可否认/没有必要/没有意义/没有用……”

There is no sense in waiting here without knowing when he will come back.

在这里傻等却不知道他什么时候回来，一点意义都没有。

5．There be的非谓语形式

there being...(动词ing形式)；there to be...(不定式形式)

There being no bus，we had to walk home.

由于没有公交车，我们不得不步行回家。

三、如何使用其他的一些高级表达形式让文章更精彩

1．用such总结全文

Such is our lively city，which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.

这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。

2．使用cannot...too much表示强调

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过

3．使用比喻等修辞方法

As is known to us all，vocabulary is an important part of language，just like bricks in a building.

大家都知道，词汇是语言学习的重要组成部分，就像一座大楼的基石。

4．使用not...but...句型

Treat the earth well，for it is not given to you by your parents but lent to you by your children.

善待地球，它不是你父母馈赠给你的，而是你的子孙借给你的。

5．时间名词或事物作主语

My interest in the position has driven me to put forward my resume for your review and consideration.

我对这个职位的兴趣促使我呈递简历供您参考。

6．巧用词类转化

First，students who have studied abroad can act as disseminator between people of different cultures，bridging the gaps between Chinese people and foreign people.

首先，海外的留学生担当了不同文化的传播者，在中外文化的差异之上架起了一座桥梁。

[句式升级]　I have sent some photos on the Internet to help you learn of our school life here.

→I have emailed some photos to help you picture our school life here.(“名词动用”更形象)

7．使用否定句

The law is the law.Nobody has any excuse to break it.

法律就是法律。任何人没有任何借口违反法律。

8．使用双重否定

Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle，it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，它仍然存在一些问题。