英语国际音标常见字母组合发音规律  

单元音：（12个）

1、/ i:/   1、字母e在开音节中：be, he, we, these, metre, relay, recycle, eve

      2、字母i的特殊发音：police, machine

      3、字母组合ee ：sweep, between, agree, sleep, seen, feel, feed, cheese, keeper, bee, see, tree, three

4、字母组合ea：please, (New) Zealand, weak, leaf, wheat, bleat, dream, disease, beach, least, tea, seat, read

5、字母组ie ：field, believe, thief, piece

6、字母组ei ： receive

7、字母组ey： key

8、字母组合e-e：Pete, mete, these, Chinese

 

2、/ ? /  1、字母a在弱读中：village, passage, palace, necklace, encourage

2、字母e在弱读中： ticket, basket, behind, enjoy, business, subject, refuse, repair, replay, forest, toilet, wallet, racket, pocket, result,

     3、字母i在闭音节中：bring, did, ill, pick, fifty, English, ticket, village, picnic, pumpkin, tourist, riddle, it,is, six, this

     4、字母i的特殊发音：practice, opposite, practice, cousin, rabbit 但possible发音为/ ? /

     5、字母i在“ve”前：live, give

     6、字母u的特殊发音：busy, business

     7、字母组合ai 弱读：mountain, captain

     8、字母组合ie： cookie

     9、字母组合ay 弱读：Sunday, Monday

     10、字母组合ey ：monkey, money

     11、字母y 弱读：sorry, baby, lucky, any, very, study, fifty

 

3、/ e /  1、字母a的特殊发音：many, any

2、字母e在闭音节中“e”发短音：bell, left, leg, when, went, check, invent, unless, collect

     3、字母组合ea ：bread, heavy, head, ready, death, already, instead, feather, leather, weather

 

4、/ ? /  1、字母a在闭音节中：that, ladder, matter, man, rabbit, panda, bank, channel, cat, cap, back

2、字母a在“ve”前：have

5、/ ?:/    1、字母组合or 在字母“w”后：work, word, world, worse, worth, worker

       2、字母组合er在重读音节中：her, German, term, thermos, prefer, person, serve, nervous

       3、字母组合ir：girl, bird, third, circle, shirt, skirt

4、字母组合ur：turn, nurse, disturb, surf, Thursday

       5、字母组合ear：heard, earth, early, year, learn, search

 

6、/ ? /   1、字母a在弱读：banana, England, elephant, animal, another, madam, several, probably, human, island, machine, comfortable

2、字母e在弱读中：broken, moment, even, accident, happen, quarrel

      3、字母o在弱读中：conductor, opposite, tonight, melon, police, produce, collect, protect, pollute

      4、字母u弱读中：unless, suppose, success

      5、字母组合ou：famous, nervous

 6、字母组合or在弱读中：forget

      7、字母组合er做后缀时：under, teacher, ruler, brother, sister, father, mother, supper

 8、字母组合er在弱读中：concert, western, desert, shepherd

 

7、/ɑ:/   1、字母a在字母“n”前：dance, can’t, shan’t, France, answer, chance, banana

2、字母a在字母“s”“ss”前：ask, past, basket, class, glass, last, grass, basketball

3、字母a在 “th”前：father, rather, path

      4、字母组合ar：hard, car, large, bookmark, mark, regard, barn, chart, cart, hard, garden, park

      5、字母组合al特殊发音： half

      6、字母组合au特殊发音：laugh

      7、字母组合are：are

      8、字母组合ear：heart

 

8、/ ? /  1、字母o在“m, n, th”前：come, some, front, month, son, Monday, monkey, money, another, brother, mother, nothing, other, none, wonder 但tomb / u:/

      2、字母o特殊发音：does, love, among, colour, discover

      3、 字母u在闭音节中：must, sun, duck, uncle, puzzle, nut, dumpling, conductor, fun, butter, club, cup, much

      4、字母组合ou / ? /：trouble, young, double, country, cousin, rough, encourage, tough

      5、字母组合oo / ? / 特殊发：blood, flood

9、/?:/  1、字母组合ough /?:/：bought, thought

     2、字母组合or 的一般发音：for, short, boring, storm, corn, corner, order, important, nor, horse, forty, morning

     3、字母组合ar /?:/ 在字母“w”或音标/w/后：war, quarter, towards

     4、字母组合 al /?:/ 一般发音： wall, tall, ball, fall, hall

【注：字母组合al /?:l/特殊发音 also, already, always, salt, so-called, although】

5、字母组合oor /?:/：floor, door

6、字母组合ore /?:/：before, more, score

7、字母组合our /?:/：four, yours, course, fourth

  8、字母组合 au /?:/：August, autumn, pause, audience, caught, taught

     9、字母组合 aw /?:/：draw, law

 

10、/ ? /  1、字母a在“w”前“wh”后：what, wash, want, watch, wallet, 但：water /?:/

     2、字母o在闭音节中：John, doctor, office, soccer, rock, concert, foggy, across, possible, cost, cotton, teapot, rocket, of, not, box, long

  3、字母组合au / ? / 特殊发音：because

 

11、/ u:/   1、字母o在“wh”后：who, whose, whom

      2、字母o的特殊发音：move, do, two, improve, lose

      3、字母u在“l”前后：blue, ruler, flu, rule

      4、字母u的特殊发音：June, truth, pollute, true

      5、字母组合ou：group, soup, through

      6、字母组合 oo 的一般发音：afternoon, room, broom, zoo, moon, pool, school, noodle, spoon, tool, tooth, cool, shoot, too

7、字母组合oo的特殊发音：food, seafood

      8、字母组合ew的特殊发音：drew

 

12、/ ? /   1、字母u的特殊发音：put, push, sugar, full, pull

       2、字母组合oo，一般在字母“k, d, t”前：book, look, good, foot, cook, wood

       3、字母组合oo / ? / 弱读中：classroom, bedroom, sitting-room, cookie

双元音：（8个）

1、/e?/  1、字母a在开音节中“a”发字母本：name, page, date, lazy, café, wave, cake, face, plate (以及单词：paper, baby, table, radio)

     2、字母组合ea /e?/：great, break

     3、字母组合 ai一般情况下：train, fail, mainland, rail, straight, rain, maid, tail

     4、字母组合ei /e?/： eight, eighth

     5、字母组合ay /e?/ 在重读中：day, today, display, may, play, away

     6、字母组合ey /e?/：they

  

2、/a?/  1、字母i在开音节中：quite, side, outside, invite, dive, twice, mine, bike, like, nice, time (以及单词：driver, Friday)

     2、字母i在“nd”前：kind, behind, find, mind, blind, China, Chinese,

     3、字母组合ie /a?/：die, lie

     4、字母组合ei /a?/ ：neither, either

     5、字母组合i(gh) /a?/： high, light, right, night, bright

6、字母y在重读音节中：my, why, sky, by, fly

 

3、/??/  1、字母组合oi：noise, join, oil, voice, toilet, coin, spoil, toil, boil

     2、字母组合oy：boy, toy, enjoy, hoyden, loyal

 

4、/??/  1、字母“o”在开音节中：hope, nose, ago, alone, piano, notice, mobile, home, those, go, no, so, over

    2、字母o在字母“ld”前。cold, old, hold, soldier

3、字母o在“st”前。most, post, almost, most

4、字母组合oa：boat, goat, goal, coat, Joan但abroad发音为 /?:/

5、字母组合ow：window, yellow, low, own, show, throw, bowl, know, blow, slow

 

5、/a?/  1、字母组合ow：how, cow, down, crowd, downstairs, shower, allow, now

2、字母组合ou：house, trousers, found, ground, loud, mouth, mount, without, proud, mouth, round, about

【注：字母组合our 发/a? ? /：our, ours, hour】

 

6、/??/  1、字母组合ea：idea, real, really, theatre, realize

2、字母组合ere：here

3、字母组合eer：ioneer, deer, beer, jeer

4、字母组合ear的一般发：near, hear, dear, appear, disappear, fear

 

7、/e?/  1、字母组合are：careful, carefully, hare, care, dare, mare

     2、字母组合air：hair, chair, downstairs, air, pair

3、字母组合eir：their, theirs

4、字母组合ere：there, where

5、字母组合ear：bear, dear, pear, tear

 

8、/??/   1、字母组合ua：February, January, usually

      2、字母组合ure：sure

 

清辅音：（11个）

1、/ p /  字母p：map, pupil, paper, people

2、/ t /  字母t：ten, too, coat, what

3、/ k /   1、字母c在词前：cap, cook, clock, come, cold, close

      2、字母组合ck：cock, Jack, chick, chicken, duck, black, ticket

      3、字母组合ch的特殊发音：school, chemical, chemistry

      4、字母k：Kate, look, book, like

4、/ f /   字母f 的一般发音。life, for, five, four, fifty, first, knife

5、/ θ /   字母组合th 【一般在名词、数词、形容词、动词中发音】：maths, three, thin, think, third, thank,Thursday

6、/ s /   1、字母s的一般发音：bus, glass, class, sister, sit, horse, house

    2、字母c：city, certainly, rice, piece

    3、字母c在字母i, e, y前：pencil, nice

7、/ ? /  1、字母组合ch的特殊发音：Machine

     2、字母组合sh的一般发音：wash, she, fish, ship, sheep, finish

8、/ t? /  字母组合ch的一般发音：chair, teacher, China, chick, such

9、/ tr /  字母组合tr： tree, street, tractor, try, trip, train

10、/ ts /  字母组合ts： boats, coats, minutes, plants, let’s, What’s, coats, seats

11、/ h /   字母组合wh在字母o前：who, whose, whom

          字母h：he, here, hers, hello

 

浊辅音：（17个）

1、/ b /  字母b：bag, bad, bat, band, bye, blind

2、/ d /  字母d：dog, desk, under, and

3、/ g /  字母g(g)：good, girl, big, egg, god

4、/ v /   字母f： of,

字母v：very, visit, five, seven

5、/ e /   字母组合th  【一般在代词、冠词、副词中的发音】：this, these, that, those, the, then, there,their, brother

6、/ z /   字母s：rose, close, as, his, is, busy, has, nose, whose, please

         字母z：zoo, zone, zero, size

7、/ ? /   字母s：usually, pleasure, treasure, measure, vision, television

8、/d?/     1、字母g在e前（字母组合g(e)）一般的发音：orange, page, large, vegetable, change, village, passage,

        2、字母j在词前：jeep, John, Joan, Jack, job, juice, just

9、/dr/     字母组合dr：drive, driven, hundred, dress, driver, drink

10、/dz/     字母组合ds：birds, beds, grades, needs, hands, heads, goods

11、/ r /     字母r：red, room, read, brown

12、/ m /    字母m：man, milk, home, from

13、/ n /     字母n在词前：nice, nine, noon, nose, name

14、/ ? /     1、字母n在k前发音：ink, thank, think, drink, sink

        2、字母组合ng的一般发音：long, young, singer, sing, wrong, morning,

     【注：ng / ? g /特殊发音：English, language, penguin】

15、/ ? /    1、字母l：like, love, left, lesson

           2、字母ll：ball, tall, wall, small

16、/ w/    wh的一般发音：what, when, where, white, everywhere, which, why

           字母w：wear, well, window, Wednesday

17、/ j /     字母y在词前：yes, yellow, yet, you, your

 

/ ju: /   字母u在音节中：use, duty, excuse, Tuesday, usually, huge, future, menu

        字母组合ew / ju: /：new, renew, few, knew

 

字母组合ex的一般发音/ ? k s /：excuse, expect, exchange, explain, expensive, explore

        ex / ? k /  except

        ex / e k s /  exercise, exit, explanation, export, expert, exhibition

ex / ? g z /  example, exam, examination

 

字母x的一般发音：/k s/   box, next

 x  / gz /  example, exam