广州版初二英语上册Unit 4 Inventions

知识点讲解

1.Listen to advertisements for four funny inventions.(p49)

advertisement 广告     ad 缩写

怀特小姐最近在当地报纸上刊登了一则广告。

Miss White recently placed an              in the local newspaper.

 

2.funny  可笑的；滑稽的 adj

You’re an extremely funny man. 你是一个非常滑稽的人。

*区分fun 与 funny

fun 与 funny都可以作形容词，但fun还可以作名词。

例如：玩的开心__  ______ __   ____ ___  ___ ___  ____ 或者_________ __________

fun 有趣的；令人愉快的。   近义词：interesting。

Jane is   __________________   .    简是一个很有意思的人。

funny 滑稽的、古怪的。

Jane is   __________________   .    简是一个很滑稽的人。

 

3.invention 发明     同根：发明家 inventor  发明 invention

辨析：

invent 发明客观上没有，发明以前未曾有过的东西；如发明新的使用工具、方法。

discover 发现发现客观已经存在，但不为人知的东西或者事物。

develop v 开发、研发  （与invent发明不同，是在原有基础上进一步提高、改进）

填空

Edison ___________ the electric light bulb.。

I ____________ a beautiful stone under the tree.

 

4. create 创作；创造  v

同根拓展：

creation 创造物，作品n

creator 创造者 n

creative 有创造力的adj

creativity 创造力 n

试翻译：

这个创造者创作了这个作品，他很有创造力。

The __  ___ ___   __ the ____   _；he is ____    _.

【辨析】

create 创造，创作创造出原来并不存在的东西

make 创造，制作通过工作制造出某种东西

例如：

（1）谁创造了世界？Who __________ the world?

（2）他制造了这块手表。He _________the watch.

 

5.telephone 电话 n   给……打电话v

其缩写形式是____      ___

移动电话，手机是_________.

给某人打电话的表达：

①telephone /phone sb             ②call sb (up)

③give sb a call                     ④make a telephone call to sb

I felt so bad that I                my friend ./

昨天我给爸爸打电话了。

I ____    ___ my father ___    ___ _____   ___ yesterday.

昨晚我给Lucy打了个电话。            

I ___   ____ _       ___ _____  ______ _____   ____to Lucy last night. 

6. After its invention, traveling became faster and mor comfortable(p51)

comfortable 舒适的 adj，其比较级是_________ __________.

comfortably 舒适地 adv              uncomfortable 使人不舒服的 adj

家应该让人感觉到舒适、亲切的。

A home should be            and friendly. 

  

7.In the early 19^th century....(p51)

century 世纪 n  

in the early 19th century = at the start of the 19th century.    在19世纪初

in the late 19th century = at the end of the 19th century.       在19世纪末

他是19世纪最著名的作家。

He was the most famous writer in 19^th            .          

 

8.practical 有用的 adj

我们的服装轻便、时尚，并且很适合度假穿。

Our clothes are lightweight, fashionable and           for holidays.

拓展：practice 练习 n               practise 练习 v

现在我们正在做一些练习。

Now we are doing some ___________.

 

9.Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long distances.(p51)

distance 距离 n    

It’s no          . = It’s no far. 路不远。

拓展：

at a distance隔一段距离， 距离稍微远一些

in the distance 在远处

from the distance 从远处

这只小猫从远处回来了。

The cat came back ___    ___ _________ __________.

 

10.lamp 灯 n     candle 蜡烛 n       bright 明亮的adj

turn off 关灯     turn on 开灯  

请打开灯。

Please ____ ___ _    ____ the ________.

 

11.Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879.(p51)

develop v 开发、研发  （与invent发明不同，是在原有基础上进一步提高、改进）

我们需要开发太阳能。

We need to ________ solar energy.

拓展：

development 发展 n  

developed 发达的 adj    

developing 发展中的 adj

发达国家：a           country             

发展中国家：a           country

 

12.help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事, help 后跟省略to的不定式，

类似的用法还有，使某人做某事 make sb do sth

我帮助他找到了钱包。

I _______ him _______ his wallet. 

这个老板让工人每天工作超过10小时。

The boss _________ the workers_________ more than 10 hours every day.

 

13.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.(p51)它们容许人们在任何时候，在任何地点彼此保持联系。

allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事           

allow doing是某人允许做某事

在我们家里不容许吸烟。

We don't allow        ___ in our house.

他们允许孩子们去公园。

They _________ their children __________ go to the park.

keep in touch (with) sb=stay in touch with

你离开父母以后还经常与他们保持联系吗？

Do you still________ in ________ _________your parents regularly after you leave them?

 

14.With sunlight, air and water, we can be alive on Earth. 有了阳光、空气和水，我们才能在地球上生存。

with 有   

without 没有

没有水，我们无法存活。

We can’t live _________ _________.

 

15.The new cars made loud noises and frightened them.这些新汽车发出很大的噪音，让他们感到害怕。

make noises意思是：发出噪音，弄出生音；也可以用make a noise

不要弄出声音，你爸爸正在睡觉。

Don’t ____   ___ ___________ , your father is sleeping .

辨析：noise ，voice， sound

noise	指吵闹、喧哗声，往往是不和谐，不悦耳的声音
voice	多指人和动物特有的声音
sound	指人所能听到的自然界中的一切声音

请不要在课堂上制造噪音。

Please don’t ________ _________ in class.

她经常小声说话。

She often talks in a low ____  ____.

在空气中光比声音传播的速度快。

Light travels faster than ___    ___in the air.

 

16.in a short time 在短时间内

 

 课堂小练

Unit 4 Inventions

一、英汉互译

1.in the early 19th centnury                

2. be able to                            

3.in the daytime                         

4. millions of                           

5. each other                            

6.与….保持联系                        

7.手机                                 

8.自那以来                             

 

二、拼写单词

1.Listen to a     _   for four funny inventions.

2.Write a short article about a new invention that you will c     _   .

3. Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first p         telephones in 1876.

4.Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long _        .

5.Thomas Edison        _(研制) the first practical light bulb in 1879.

 

三、用所给词的适当形式填空

1.John's parents have four children.And John is the____     (young) one.

2.Ding Ning is one of____     (popular) table tennis players in the world.

3.I think physics____     (difficult) subject of all.

4.He is ____     (creative) writer in our city.

5.The____     (cheap) things are usually not the best ones.

 

四、单项选择

1.One of the best ways for pcople to keep heathly is to          good eating habits.

A .grow       B.develop     C.increase     D.find

2.---What do you think is the          invention in           history?

---I think the computer is.It helps us find information easily.

A .grcatest; /         B.simplest;the

C .greatest;the       D.simplest; /

3.---My grandfather was born           the start of the 20th century.

--- he can tell us some stories at that time.

A.of, Perhaps        B. in; possible

C.on; Maybe        D.at; Perheps

4. ---What do you think of planes?

---They're helpful. They allow people      to places over long      in a short time.

A.to get; distances     B. to get; time

C.getting; times       D.getting; distance

5.---Look The wall is covered with         .

---I think they are         . I shall advertise for someone to go with me.

A. advertisements; useful

B.advertisement; useful

C.advertisements; useless

D. advertisement; useless

6.        fans would like to go to Brazil to watch the World Cup.

A. Million of         B. Millions of       C.Millions

7.---Do you know who invented the telephone.

--- No.I only know it           in 1876.

A. invented       B.was invented     C.invents

8. ---When did you start        _ the violin

---Ten years ago.      _.I have never stopped playing it.

A.play;Since then       B.play:After that

C.played;After that      D.playing;Since then

9.---Rosa,can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?

---OK.But a dress might be _      .

A. good     B.worse     C.bad      D. better

10.David is          in our class. Nobodly is taller than him.

  A.tall    B. taller    C.the tallest

11. No one can sing__   __than her.

  A. well    B. good    C. better

12.She can speak English__   __than me.

  A. good    B. well    C.better

13. Who listens         , Tom or Bill?

  A.the most carefully    B.more carefully

  C.the most careful      D.more careful

  

五、完成句子                    

1.我们彼此已经保持联系三年了。         

We have                  each other for three years.                             

2.我们步行穿过了马路。             

We                 the road               

3.自那以来，人们已经能远距离对话了。            

                 , people have been able to speak to each other over long distances.

4.第一个发明可以为你的脚挡雨。

The first invention can ____    the rain ____    your feet.

5.你买第二个发明以保持你的猫的脚干净。

You buy the second invention to____    your cat’s feet____   .   

6.你买这个电话，你会少说话。

If you buy this telephone,you will____    ____   .   

7.用这副眼镜你可以同时看到你的前面和后面。

With this pair of glasses, you can look behind and in front of you ____    

____    ____    ____   .

 

六、阅读理解

Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833, but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented landmine and made a lot of money from the government during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after. Then, the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred began his own study of explosives in his father’s lab. He had never been to school or university but had taught himself, and by the time he was twenty, he became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. He built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. He was always searching for a meaning to life. He spent much time and money working on how to end the wars, and the peace between nations, until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous last will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideas. And so, the man is remembered and respected long after his death.

1. Where was Alfred Nobel born? He was born in ________.

A. Sweden           B. Stockholm

C. Russia            D. Moscow

2. What did Immanuel Nobel invented during the Crimean War?

A. The engineering industry.        B. A strong position.

C. Landmine.                    D. Study of explosives.

3. Why did Alfred Nobel return to Sweden ? Because his father ________.

A. went bankrupt          B. was put in prison  

C. was ill                 D. died

4. How many companies did Alfred Nobel build up? He built up ________ companies in different countries.

A. 20       B. 40      C. 60     D. 80

5. What was Alfred Nobel always searing for? ________.

A. More time and more money       B. A meaning to life  

C. How to end the war             D. The peace between nations

                                       

课后作业布置：（时间40分钟；满分100分）Believe in yourself.

一、单选选择

1.         runner comes last in the race.

  A.Worse      B.Worst      C.The worse     D.The worse

2. Of all the CD players in the shop, this one is        .

  A.cheap     B.very cheap      C.cheapest       D.the cheapest

3.Tian'anmen Square is one of         squares in the world.

  A.large        B.larger      C.largest       D.the largest

4.What's         movie theatre in your town?

  A.better     B.the bettcr      C.worse     D.the worst

5. ---I think English is as         maths.

--- Yes, I agree with you.

  A .more intersting       B.most interesting

  C.the most interesting    D.interesting

6.---He was chosen to be a volunteer of the Olypic Games.

 ---Great! No one speaks English         him.

A.as beautiful as     B.as badly as    C.worse than   D.better than

7.---What do you think of receiving and giving gifts ?

 ---I think the art of receiving a gift is         than the art of giving.

A.as beautiful as     B.as badly as    C.worse than   D.better than

8.---It’s smoggy these days. That’s terrible!

 ---Yes, I hope to plant trees.         trees,         air pollution.

 A.The more; the fewer      B.The less; the more   

C.The less; the fewer       D.The more; the less

9. Write           and try not to make any misrakes.

  A.as carefully as you can     B.as careful as possible     C.more careful

10.It is not so         as yesterday, so there are           people walking in Tuanchengshan Park today.

  A .cold; fewer    B.warm; more

  C.cold; more     D.warm; most

11. Bob is taller than__    __in his class.

  A.any other boy    B.any boy     C.any other boys

12. Steve isn't as         .as Kelly. He often makes mistakes in his writings.

  A.careless    B.tidy      C.careful     D.difficult

13.--- How do you like the book you read yesterday?

   ---Oh! It's one of books I' ve ever read

  A. interesting        B.more interesting

  C.most interesting    D.the most interesting

14.___    _ you do for others, the          you will feel.

 A.mucher;happier     B.more;happier      C.much;happy

二、根据所给汉语完成句子

1.第一台电脑和房间一样大。

The first computer was                        a room.

2 .一支蜡烛不会产生比一个灯泡多的光。

A candle does not produce                                a light bulb.

3.马丁的家离学校最远。

Martin's home is                         school.

4.爱丽丝在美术课上得到了最好的分数。

Alice                        mark in Art.

5.该表格显示了在一年里四个家庭扔掉的垃圾的情况。

The table shows the rubbish that four families                in a year.

三、阅读理解

A

What do you think of a “talking kitchen”? A French Digital Kitchen has been developed at Newcastle University in the UK. It teaches students how to cook French food and speak French at the same time. For the first time, students can learn the language by the following cooking steps.

All grammar and _____ have been carefully chosen to make sure the users can understand French well. After learning for sometime, the users can test themselves by doing s short test on the computer. 

The kitchen project was started by Professor Paul Seedhouse. He became interested in the idea after he visited another kind of talking kitchen. He said,” The purpose of the French Digital Kitchen is to make learning a language more interesting and more educational.”

How does the kitchen work? There is a computer in the kitchen. With this computer, the users can first choose a French recipe that they want to follow. Using information in the computer, the kitchen start to guide the users how to make a French dish. If you follow the instructions on the computer, it moves on to the next. If you go wrong, the program goes back and repeats the recipe or information. At any time, the users can ask the kitchen to repeat the recipe or any information.

The new kitchen can be used in schools, universities and even people’s homes. The researchers can also be developing the European Digital Kitchen, for the next three years.

1. After reading the passage, we know the digital kitchen ___  __.

  A. is a “talking kitchen”               B. teaches students English

  C. was developed in France            D. cooks all food for people

2. Which of the following can be properly put in ___  __.

  A. food    B. vocabulary      C. recipe      D. instructions

3. Paragraph 3 is mainly tells us about __  ___.

  A. how the kitchen works               B. where the kitchen can be used

  C. when the kitchen can be bought        D. why the kitchen project was started

4. If the user don’t follow the instruction on the computer, the kitchen ___  __.

  A. choose another recipe                B. goes to the next step

  C. repeats the recipe or information       D. stops working at once

5. The passage is written to        .

  A. show you how computer works      

B. introduce a French Kitchen

 C. teach you how to cook French food   

D. tell you the importance of language learning

B

People enjoy different indoor and outdoor activities in Britain. A recent European survey (调查) discovered that people in Britain spend about 45% of their free time watching television, 24% of their free time doing social  (社会的) activities, 22-23% on sports and hobbies, and 10% on other activities. Other popular activities are listening to the radio, listening to music, reading, gardening, eating out and going to the cinema.

Television  

The most common activity in the UK is watching television. People often spend 25 hours every week on TV. Almost every household (家庭) has at least one television set at home. In 1999, 13% of households had satellite television and 9% cable television.

Radio

People in Britain listen to about 15 hours and 50 minutes of radio every week.

Entertaining (娱乐)

Another popular activity in Britain is visiting or entertaining friends.

Cinema

About 123 million British people went to the cinema in 1998. It is the most popular cultural (文化的) activity in the UK.

Eating Out

More and more British people like to eat out. In 1999 every British person spent ＄5.63 every week on food outside.

1. What do most English people like doing in their free time? 

A. Watching TV.                  B. Listening to the radio.

C. Doing some sports.      D. Eating out.

2. How long do people in Britain listen to the radio every day according to

the survey?

A. Less than half an hour.    B. About fifty minutes.

C. More than two hours.     D. About sixteen hours.

3. How many households could watch satellite television in 1999?

A. 13% of households.      B. 9% of households.

C. 33% of households.      D. 19% of households.

4. Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A. English people spend most of their time eating out.

B. British people often listen to the radio and visit their friends.

C. Lots of English people like going to the cinema.

D. British people often do gardening by themselves.

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. What are the common hobbies of British people?

B. How do people spend their free time?

C. How do children spend their holiday?

D. What are the special customs in Britain?

 

 

 

答案

一、英汉互译

1.在19世纪早期    2.能   3.在白天  4.数以百万计的   5.互相

6.keep in touch   7.mobile phones  8.since then

二、拼写单词

1.advertisements   2.create  3.practical   4.distances  5.develped

三、适当形式填空

1.youngest    2.the most popular    3.the most difficult 

4.the most creative      5.cheapest

四、单项选择

1-5  BADAA  6-10 BBDDC  11-13 CCB

五、完成句子

1.kept in touch with  2.walked across   3.Since then

4.keep; off   5.keep; clean   6.talk less   7.at the same time

六、阅读理解

1-5   BCADB

 

 

答案

一、单项选择

1-5   DDDDD  6-10 DADAC   11-14 ACDB

二、完成句子

1.as big as   2.as much light as   3.the farthest/furthest from

4.got the best    5.throw away

三、阅读理解

A:   1-5  ABDCB

B:   1-5  ADADB