IV.定语从句

　　(一)基本概念

　　1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

　　2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。

　　(二)定语从句的注意点

　　本部分的内容比较复杂，为便于考生一目了然，需要：

　　1.that与which, who, whom的用法区别

　　2.as、which和that的区别

　　3. where、when与why引导的定语从句

　　4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

　　当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”, 且两个关系代词均不

　　5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象

定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。

6.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别

　　此外还要注意下列两点：

　　▲定语从句与习惯句型

　　用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。

　　①It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai.

　　②It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life.

　　解析：这里①小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：It is/was the first/second ... time +that从句。故①填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海。②小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填 when。

　　▲定语从句与简单句

　　用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。

　　①The mother told the lazy boy to work，_____ didn't help.

　　②The mother told the lazy boy to work._____ didn't help.

　　解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词;而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which，前面整个句子作先行词;②小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。

　　【高考预测】

　　1. ______ is known to us all is that Shenzhou VII has launched for the first spacewalk successfully.

　　A. That B. What C. It D. As

　　2. Barack Obama delivered a speech to 500 local youths during his visit to China, many of _______ were from

　　Fudan University and Tongji University.

　　A. them B. whom C. which D. those

　　3.Most of us still wonder _______ it is _______ makes those honest peasant workers, without being paid at all, resign themselves to the bosses.

　　A. what; that B. /; what C. that; what D. /; that

　　4. — Join us in the party tonight, would you?

　　— Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t, ______ I ______ the content of some reports with my boss.

　　A. for; have discussed B. because; will be discussing

　　C. before; discussed D. when; will have discussed

　　5.—I’m going to New York for further studies next term.

　　—Congratulations! ________ you’re there, can you keep me e-mailed?

　　A. As B. While C. Because D. If

　　6. Probably no man had more effects on the daily lives of people in the United States ________ Henry Ford ________.

　　A. as; was B. than; was C. than; did D. as; did

　　7. There are a lot of students in the reading room, most of with their eyes on and their heads bent over their books.

　　A.whom; fixing B.them; fixed C.whom; fixed D.them; fixing

　　8. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.

　　A. where B. when C. that D. what

　　9. Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is __________ makes a difference.

　　A. that B. what C. which D. whatever

　　10. —Do you have any idea of rugby?

　　—Abosolutely. It is a sport ______ players hold the ball and run with it.

　　A. which B.when C.why D.where

　　11. What was it _________ caused the modem nations to change their mind _________ they should help to preserve the Roma’s history?

　　A. /; why B. that; that C. that; / D. what; that

　　12. We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A.where B.which C.that D.when

　　13. It was the very place _________ the soldiers fought over sixty years ago.

　　A. that B. which C. where D. there

　　14. Hardly ______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.

　　A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop

　　C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop

　　15. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced______ tractors in 1998 as the year before.

　　A. as many twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. twice as many as

　　16. You can fly to UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in Hong Kong.

　　A. because B. provided C. unless D. so far as

　　17. It’s the same in China---many people, _____some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets

　　or taking weight-loss pills, ______ are often dangerous.

　　A. whose; which B. of which; who C. of whom; which D. who; that

　　18. Is _________ 48 hours _________ the man-made satellite _________ is made in our country to orbit the planet around?

　　A. it; that; where B. it; when; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which

　　19.Is _________ 48 hours _________ the man-made satellite _________ is made in our country to orbit the planet around?

　　A. it; that; where B. it; when; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which

　　20. _____ occurred to me that the murder happened ____ a rainy day.

　　A. What; in B. What; on C. It; in D. It; on

　　21. The old man has a son and two daughters, ______ treating him well, ______ makes him sad.

　　A. none of them; which B. and none of whom; that

　　C. none of whom; which D. and none of them; that

　　22. Many experts hold the view ____ teachers’ development is _____the key to better education lies.

　　A. which; where B. which; what C. that; where D. that; which

　　23. Was it in Disneyland, ______ many cartoon characters can be seen, ______ the film was set?

　　A. that; where B. that; when C. in which; where D. where; that

　　24. the world economy is in difficulty, we can see, the people of China are full of hope.

　　A.As;/ B.Because;which C.Though;as D.With;/

　　25.The reason______ being late for the meeting was______ his little son fell ill this morning.

　　A. for, that B. why, that C. for, because D. why, because

　　26._______ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit on the head.

　　A. Since B. Before C. When D. Until

　　27. What impresses me most is ______ he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.

　　A. what B. which C. that where D. that whenever

　　28.______ I failed in English a third time, I had no doubt about my gift for foreign languages.

　　A. By the time B. Until C. After D. Unless

　　29 In the past few years, “My Heart Will Go On” was a popular song among young people, __________ were often heard singing it at parties.

　　A. who B. which C. they D.that

　　30.The question came up at the meeting ______ we had enough money for our research. 高.

　　A. whether B. that C. which D. what 高.考.资.源.网

　　31.Faced with trouble or difficulty，a person takes help that is available.

　　A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however

　　32.____ you have expressed your determination , you should act immediately.

　　A. Now that B. Even though C. In order that D. Until

　　33.You’d better give the task to_______ you think can finish it ahead of time.

　　A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. no matter who

　　34.—It’s a long time __________I saw you last.

　　—Yes, and what a pity it is that it will be another year_______ we see each other again.

　　A. before;since B. since; when C.since;before D. when;before

　　35.Japanese scientists said “Our dream is to create(clone)a mammoth(猛犸)， it is a big dream.”

　　A. since B. because C. though D. however

　　36.The disease outbreak had infected 65 people by last Monday, 19 have died.

　　A. with which B. of whom C. for whom D. in which

　　37._________ a small number of Australians are bitten by spiders each year, most recover without any medical treatment.

　　A. While B. Unless C. When D. Because

　　38.—Will you go to Mary’s birthday party?

　　—No. _____ invited, I can’t go. I’ll be too busy then.

　　A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. When

　　39. annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.

　　A.How B.Why C.What D.Which

　　40.—Do you think the weather will be all right this summer?

　　—No, _______ we’re lucky. The newspaper says it’ll be very hot anyway.

　　A. unless B. if C. though D. as

　　41.—When shall Janet return to work?

　　—_________ she has totally recovered.

　　A. If B. Since C. When D. Until

　　42.He had to be reminded two or three times ________ he could avoid making the same mistake.

　　A. before B. when C. until D. as

　　43.I don't say I am against their plan. But the trouble is __ _ they do doesn't agree with what they say. 高.考.资.源.A. what that B. that what C. if what D. what if

　　44.It was shortly after that serious accident happened ______ all the people involved were caught and questioned.

　　A. since B. that C. before D. when

　　45.Lucy was having a holiday with her friend in a national park ____ she was bitten on the foot by a snake.

　　A. while B. since C. once D. when

　　46.____ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.

　　A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When

　　47.The game is not very difficult you understand the roles.

　　A. until B. though C. once D. unless

　　48.The conference aims to develop business and let people think about ______ they can have a positive influence on the planet.

　　A.why B.that C.what D.how

　　4927.Honesty is a kind of quality and that’s it takes to communicate with others successfully.

　　A.what B.why C.how D.which

　　50. It was the training _______he had at school _______made him good jumper.

　　A.what;what B.that;that C.what;that D.that;what

　　【参考答案】

　　1-5BBABB 6-10CBCBD 11-15BBCDC 16-20BCDDD 21-25ACDCA

　　26-30BDBAA 31-35AAACC 36-40BACCA 41-45CABBD 46-50ACDAB