六、where / wherever / anywhere / everywhere / somewhere / nowhere / no matter where   

  where / wherever

where 地点状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句、疑问副词；

wherever 地点状语从句、让步状语从句、名词性从句、疑问副词where加强型

  地点状语从句就两个引导词：where(--的地方)和wherever(无论什么样的地方)

He lives there.地点状语为there，

He lives in Inner Mongolia. 地点状语为in Inner Mongolia.

He lives where there are a lot sheep.就变成了一个地点状语从句，他住在一个有好多羊的地方。

　I should put the book over there.其中地点状语为over there。

I should put the book on the table.其中地点状语为on the table.

I should put the book where I can see it.就变成地点状语从句，意为我应该把书放到我能看到的地方。

Make a mark there. 地点状语为there

Make a mark in your book. 地点状语为in your book；

Make a mark where you have any question.就成了地点状语从句，意为在你有问题的地方做一个记号。

　I found my wallet where I fell down yesterday. 有河流的地方就有城市

Where there is a river, there is a city.

　where的加强版-wherever。

Wherever you go, I will follow you.

But wherever I go, there you are. My luck, my fate, my fortune. Chanel NO.5. Inevitable.

但是无论我去哪，都有你，我的幸运，我的命运，我的未来，香奈儿5号，无可取代。

anywhere / everywhere / somewhere / nowhere作副词

somewhere表示某个地方

anywhere任何地方,多用在疑问句和否定句中

everywhere每个地方

nowhere没有地方
I am sure I will find it somewhere.

I can’t find my book anywhere. = I can find my book nowhere.

We can see red flags everywhere.  = here and there

I can find it nowhere. = I can’t find it anywhere.

  I did nothing but stay at home listening to music.

  I didn’t do anything but stay at home listening to music.

  I went nowhere last Sunday but to stay at home listening to music.

  I didn’t go anywhere last Sunday but to stay at home listening to music.

somewhere常用作副词，意为“到某处，在某处”；anywhere“在任何地方，到任何地方”。

    somewhere用于肯定句，而在否定句、疑问句、if（whether）从句中，则用anywhere。

    The church must be somewhere around here.  那座教堂一定就在附近。

    I want to live somewhere else. 我想住到别的地方。

    I remember seeing him somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过他。

    Have you seen my watch anywhere?  你在什么地方见到过我的手表吗？

    I don’t want to go anywhere else.  我哪儿也不想去了。

即使形式为疑问句，但说话者心中的肯定意识较强时，或实际上表示请求劝诱时，有时不用anywhere而用somewhere。

    Shall we go somewhere else?  我们去别的地方好吗？

    What about going somewhere interesting?

anywhere / everywhere / somewhere / nowhere作名词/代词

somewhere有时与修饰语或短语连用，或成为宾语而当名词用。这时候，其修饰语或短语要置于somewhere之后。

  They need somewhere to stay. 他们需要找个地方呆一会。

  Let’s find somewhere quiet to have a rest. 我们找某个安静的地方休息一会吧。

  I’d like to live somewhere ______ the sun shines all year long.  A. which  B. that  C. where  D. in

  解析： somewhere副词，where引导定语从句。

  早期的词典把somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere只注副词，而近些年出版的词典已加注了“名词或代词”。在现代英语使用中，这些词不仅可作副词和名词使用，而且也可作连词使用。

  I saw him somewhere last week.  (adv.)

  We have to find somewhere to live. (n.)

  That didn’t leave me anywhere to keep all the books. (n.)

  This hotel welcomes visitors from anywhere. (n.)  注：from后有时也接副词from here, from abroad, from below …

  Sit anywhere you like. (conj.)  

   把anywhere看作是副词，后面是省略了where的定语从句；

   也可把直接把anywhere 看作是连词，引导地点状语从句。= where, wherever   

   We’ll go anywhere the Party directs us.

   With a special train ticket you can travel everywhere you like in Europe.

   There are recession stories everywhere you turn.

   The detective found Mary’s purse somewhere she had never stayed.

   这类省略了关系副词where的anywhere等直接用作连词的用法，正和省略了that/when后直接用表示时间的名词（the instant, the day, the minute, the moment等）作连词的用法异曲同工。

  I know somewhere (where) you can eat Japanese food. (n.)

    注：定语从句中，先行词是place, time, reason, way, 关系副词where, when, why, that可以省略。

I sent you the news the instant (that) I heard it.

This is the place (where) we met last year.

somewhere, anywhere等在主句中用作名词（作主语、宾主、表语）时，即使后面的where被省略了，也只能分析为定语从句，而不能把somewhere, anywhere分析为连词。

I was wondering if there was anywhere (where) I could go to get this mended.

anywhere / everywhere / somewhere / nowhere作连词

■地点状语从句一般置于主句之后

Sit wherever you like. 你爱坐哪儿都可以。

Keep it where you can see it. 把它放在你看得见的地方。

He lives where the climate is mild. 他住在一个气候温暖的地方。

I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。

You can’t camp where / wherever / anywhere you like these days. 如今你可不能随意在哪儿宿营。

■根据强调的需要，anywhere, everywhere和wherever也可以 (where则一般不可以) 放在句首。

Anywhere she goes, he goes too. 不论她去哪儿，他也去哪儿。

Wherever I am l will be thinking of you. 我不论在哪儿，都会想你的。

Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。

Everywhere Jenny goes she’s mistaken for Princess Diana. 无论詹妮走到什么地方，她都会被误认为是戴安娜公主。

■where一般表示一个确定的但非特指的地点。

The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 教堂建在曾一度是罗马神庙的地方。

Next time I hope you’ll go where I tell you to. 下次我希望你去我告诉你去的地方。

■wherever, anywhere 和 everywhere 表示“任何地方”。如：

With a special train ticket you can travel wherever / anywhere / everywhere you like in Europe for just over￡100. 你如持有专车票，仅花一百多一点英镑，就可以到欧洲各地旅行。

■有些地点状语从句中有的词可以省略。

Where possible, they tried to acquire colonies. 只要可能，他们就设法取得殖民地。

Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 只要可能，就要避免这种结构。

 She found her calculator where she lost it.

= She found her calculator at the place where she lost it.

前者where she lost it直接用作地点状语；后者at the place是地点状语，where引导定语从句。

wherever引导两类状语从句和名词性从句

■引导地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句，表示“在……的任何（所有）地方”，与where, anywhere, everywhere 用法相似。

You can sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪儿都可以。

You can’t camp wherever [where, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。

■引导让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句，表示“不管在（到）哪里”，相当于no matter where。

Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里，我也去。

Wherever you find high wages, you will generally find high prices. 哪里有高工资，哪里一般就有高物价。

Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.  

从句谓语有时可以用“may+动词原形”代替一般现在时。

I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 无论他在哪里，我都要找到他。

   Wherever possible the jobs are given to local people. 只要有可能就把工作提供给当地人。

n  引导名词性从句

  Wherever you come from doesn’t matter. 主语从句

  I don’t mind wherever you come from. 宾主从句 

wh-ever与 no matter wh-  

wh-ever 既能引导名词性从句；又能引导让步状语从句；

no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句。

He would listen to whatever I said.

    Wherever you go, I will be right here waiting for you .   

    No matter what I said, he would agree with me.    

疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词引导从句时的区别

1、疑问词+ever引导名词性从句，不可以与no matter+疑问词互换使用。

    Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift. 来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。

   2、引导让步状语从句，可以与no matter+疑问词互换使用。

The quality will be the same, whichever（=no matter which）of them you choose.

它们当中无论你选哪一个，品质都一样。  

疑问词+ever引导名词性从句时注意事项

    Whatever我们知道相当于No matter what，但是在引导名词性从句时相当于anything that

    Whatever he did was right.

    =Anything (that he did ) was right.（正确）

    Anything he did was right. (错误)  他无论做什么都是争取的。

    Whatever意为“无论是什么”，相当于anything that，anything是题干中的主语，同时充当先行词，后面that为定语从句中的引导词，that在定语从句中充当主语成分，并且不能省略。

whoever同样在引导名词性从句时相当于anyone who的含义。

    Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.

    =Anyone (who breaks this law) deserves a fine.（正确）

    Anyone breaks this law deserves a fine. (错误)  违反本法者应予以罚款。

Whoever意为“无论是谁”，相当于anyone who，anyone是题干中的主语，同时充当先行词，后面who为定语从句中的引导词，who在定语从句中充当主语，不能省略。

whichever在引导名词性从句时相当于the person or the thing that

    Whatever happened, he wouldn't say a word.

= No matter what happened, he wouldn't say a word.

    Whoever says so, it is wrong.

= No matter who says so, it is wrong.

    Whichever dictionary you (may) take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.

= No matter which dictionary you (may) take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.

    注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词 may / might 。

Whoever smokes here will be punished. （主语从句）

Beggars will eat whatever they are given. （宾语从句）

Whichever he likes will be given to him. （主语从句）

You may invite whoever / whomever you like.

（常用 whoever 代替 whomever ）

    此时它们都不能换成“ no matter + 疑问词”的形式，但 whoever 等于 anyone who, whatever 等于 anything that.

Wherever he goes (may go) . I'll follow him.

= No matter where he goes (may go), I'll follow him.

Whenever I visited him, he was always busy working.

= No matter when I visited him, he was always busy working.

However late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

= No matter how late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

   注意：当 however 用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句，而 whenever/ wherever 则不能引导名词性从句。

    I'll give you however much money you need. （宾语从句，此时 however 不能改成 no matter how ）。

另外， whatever / whichever / whoever 与 whenever / wherever / however 分别可相当于 what / which / who 与 when / where / how 的强调式，引起的特殊疑问句往往是简单句，与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上“到底；究竟”等。

What(ever) are you doing ? 你（到底）在干什么？

Which(ever) do you want to buy ?你（究竟）要买哪一个？

Who(ever) told you such a foolish story?（究竟）是谁讲给你这么蠢的事？

When(ever) can I enjoy a long vacation?（究竟）什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？

Where(ever) did you leave your dictionary?你（究竟）把词典放哪儿了？

How(ever) did you collect so much money? 你（到底）是怎样筹到这么多钱的？