二、短语介词表示因果关系
1. as a result of 由于,作为……的结果,表示原因的意味较重,主句谓语动词的产生是“由于……的结果”。
She died as a result of the accident.
However, as a result of the heavy demand for organs, a new moral dilemma has emerged.
然而,由于对器官需求量激增产生了新的道德困境。
Two people have already died as a result of the accident, and the lives of several others are in danger.
由于这次事故已有两人死亡,还有好些人的生命正处在危险之中。
The two particles will undergo accelerations as a result of their interaction.
这两个粒子由于相互作用将获得加速度。
Divorce rate is going up year by year as a result of the involvement of the other men or women.
由于第三者插足,离婚率逐年上升。
As a result of technical innovation, the steel mill chalked up new records in their average daily output.
由于技术革新的结果,这个钢铁厂在平均日产量中创造了新记录。
As a result of this interview,the number was reduced to two. 这次面试的结果,人数减至两名。
The flight was delayed as a result of fog..航班因雾而晚点。
注:as a result, 常用在有上下文(表原因)的情况下。
as a result of…“由于…的结果”,可置于句首或句末。
in (the) result 结果
result in 导致 (接结果)
result from 起因于 (接原因)
He had some bad fish. As a result, he didn’t feel well this morning. 他吃了些变质的鱼,因此,今天早上感觉到不舒服。
Man has tamed the jungle, but as a result, many kinds of birds and animals have disappeared. tame 驯服,征服
As a result of the flood, thousands of people lost their homes. 因为发大水,成千上万的人失去了家园。
As a result of what we saw, we decided to change the rules.你冒的风险太大了,纵然后来事情并没有弄到糟透的地步。
The dam broke down and in result the land was flooded. 大坝倒塌了,土地因而被淹。
The dam broke and in result the land was flooded. 堤坝垮了,结果土地被淹。
You took a great risk, though in the result it did not turn out so badly. 与下句比较划线部分
I was so uninterested in the result that I didn't even bother to look at it. 我对结果完全没兴趣,甚至都懒得看一眼。
His death resulted from an overdose of drugs. 他的死是由于服用药物过量引起的。
These measures resulted in a great victory.由于采取了这些措施,结果打了一个大胜仗。
The damage resulted from the fire. 这损害由火灾造成。
Their efforts resulted in failure. 他们的努力归于失败。
The heavy rain resulted in the flood.
The flood resulted from the heavy rain.
2. because of 因为,由于,在句中作状语,表示引起结果的直接原因。because of 普通用语,使用范广,表示做某事或产生某事的直接原因,可表示好的原因,也可以表示不好的原因,在句中多用作状语。可接名词、代词、分词或what引导的名词性从句等。
Sampras is likely to miss the US Open because of his back injury.
桑普拉斯因为背部有伤可能缺席美国公开赛。(置于句后作状语)
Because of my bad leg ,I couldn’t walk so fast as the others.
由于我的腿坏了,我不能像其他人走得那么快。(置于句首做状语,但用逗号与其他部分分开)
Because of his wife’s being there,I said nothing about it.因为他妻子在场,我对此事只字未提。(接-ing分词短语)
He realized that she was crying because of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。(接what从句)
The death rate in the hospital has decreased because of the improvement of service.
由于服务水平的提高,医院里死亡率已经降低。
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
Because of his long illness, he is backward in his studies. 因为长时间生病,他功课落后了。
Because of the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me to swim in the river unless someone agrees to watch over us.
由于最近的发生的事故,我们的父母不允许我和哥哥到河里游泳,除非有人同意看着我们。
All the planes were socked in yesterday because of the thick mist. 由于雾大,昨天所有的飞机都停飞了。
Endangered species are animals that are in danger of dying out completely, often because of overexploitation by humans.
濒危物种是指处于完全灭绝危险的动物,经常是由于人类过度利用所致。
The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education. 许多人的生活由于受了成人教育而变得更加充实。
The football match was cancelled because of rain.由于下雨,足球赛取消了。
They are her because of us. 他们到这儿来是因为有我们。
3. due to 由于,因……而引起,用于较庄重的书面语中,多作表语,表示造成的原因,与 owing to 用法相同。只引出造成不好结果的原因。due to 也可用作状语(不用于句首)和定语。
Your failure is due to negligence.你的失败是由于疏忽所造成的。
A part of the energy is wasted in machines due to friction. 一部分能量由于摩擦而消耗在机器内。
Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。
Joe’s application to the University was not accepted due to his failing English.乔因英语不及格申报那所大学没被录取。
The flight was cancelled due to the fog.
The failure was due to lack of time. 这次失败归因于时间不足。
The common cold due to fly virus may have serious consequence. 由流感病毒引起的感冒具有严重的后果。
The disease is due to a virus. 这种病是由病毒造成的。
His success was largely due to luck. 他的成功多半是靠运气。
That Shelley became a poet may have been due to his mother’s influence. 雪莱成为诗人可能是由于受母亲的影响。
The accident was due to a fault in the signal mechanism of the highway.这次事故是由于高速公路信号机制出了故障。
This flight will be called off due to the big fog weather. Please forgive us for any inconvenience.
由于大雾的天气这班航班将被取消,对造成的不便之处敬请谅解。
A part of the energy is wasted in machines due to friction. 一部分能量由于摩擦而消耗在机器内。
Rescuers had to call off the search due to worsening weather. 由于天气越来越坏,救援人员只得停止搜索。
Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common at weekends. 在周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。
All loss due to improper packing shall be born by the seller. 由于包装不当而引起的一切损失均应由卖方负责。
His failure was due to carelessness. 他的失败是由于粗心大意.
The flight was cancelled due to the fog.班机因雾停航.
注:due to:在标准英语中,due to构成的介词短语常用来作表语,而现在,due to短语也可以用作状语。.
注:due to除可表示原因外,还有“应给于,应属于”的意思。
Our grateful thanks are due to you.向你表示我们衷心的感谢。
4. owing to 由于,因为,多表示引起某不良后果的原因。可用作状语或表语。用作状语时,与 because of 同义,语气上不如because of 强。用作表语时,表示“……是由……造成的” 。
They decided to pospone the trip, owing to bad weather.由于天气不好他们决定推迟旅行。
Owing to his careless driving, we had a bad accident.由于他驾驶疏忽,我们发生了次大车祸。
The accident was due to his careless driving.这次车祸是由于他的驾驶疏忽。
The success of the meeting is owing to good preparation.
He was absent from the meeting owing to illness.
Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。
Owing to his careless driving, we had a bad accident. 由于他驾驶疏忽,我们发生了次大车祸。
Owing to ill health, he will remain in the south all winter. 由于健康状况不佳,整个冬天他都会呆在南方。
Owing to the improvement in irrigation, the area of arable land has been greatly increased.
由于该地区的灌溉技术改进,可耕地的面积大幅增加。
Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.
在自然界找不到游离状态的铝,因为铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起,最常见的是跟氧结合。
The accident was owing to his careless driving. 这次车祸是由于他的驾驶疏忽造的。
The failure of the talk was owing to their stubborn attitude on theproblem.
谈判的失败是由于他们在这问题上的顽固态度造成的。
Owing to our joint efforts,the task was ful-filled ahead of schedule.
由于我们的共同努力,任务提前完成了.(状语,表积极原因)
5. thanks to 幸亏,由于。表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。通常用于好的方面,译为“多亏”,但有时作反语;引导的介词短语可置于句首或句末。
Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of time.
Thanks to a sudden rain, i was all wet.
Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。
Thanks to the generous donation from the public, the victims in the flooded areas came through the natural disaster.
多亏公众的慷慨捐赠,洪水地区的受害者度过了这场自然灾害。
Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
Thanks to an explosion of research, we now knows how to prevent and control many diseases.
由于进行了大量的研究工作,我们现在知道如何预防和控制许多疾病。
Thanks to his presence of mind, all the passengers on board were rescued. 由于他沉着冷静,船上所有旅客们得救了。
Thanks to your help,we finished the task in time. 由于你的帮助,我们及时完成了任务。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.由于全体演员的出色表演,那出戏才成功。、
It was thanks to his carelessness that we lost the game.由于他的疏忽大意我们输掉了这场比赛。
Thanks to your help, we were successful.多亏了你的帮助,我们得以成功。
Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.
多亏这个倒霉天气,挺好的比赛取消了。(反语)
Thanks to the bad weather, our journey was very uncomfortable. 由于天气不好,我们的旅行很不舒服.(反语)
注:Small thanks to 一点也不感激
We were successful, but small thanks to you. 我们成功了,但一点也不感激你。
6. on account of 由于,因为,与 because of 同义,但语气较为正式。多用作状语,偶尔用作表语,后面常接名词。
We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather. 由于天气不好,我们将起程时间推迟了。
I’m thinking of going down to Qingdao for a fortnight ,on account of my health.
由于身体方面的原因,我正考虑到青岛休养两个月。
I come to know him on account of this business.
The worker had to retire on account of his health.
The flight was cancelled on account of bad weather. 因为天气恶劣,航班取消了。
He invited her to dinner, but she declined on account of urgent business.
他邀请她一起吃晚餐,可是由于有紧急的事要处理她婉言谢绝了。
I think that our company should adopt a more feasible strategy on account of the changing market conditions.
由于市场环境不断变化,我认为我们的公司应该采取更可行的策略。
We claim an allowance of £230 000 on account of the quality of this shipment
由于这批货物的质量问题,我们向你方索赔230,000英镑。
So far as I know, his resignation is on account of failing health. 据我所知,他辞职的原因是由于健康状况不佳(表语)
We have to give up our plan on account of your objection.由于你的反对,我们不得不放弃计划.
That was on account of the lack of exercises. 那是由于缺乏锻炼所致.
注:On my/your account 为了你(我)(的缘故)
On this/that account由于这个(那个)缘故
She thinks you’re leaving Aunt Ketty on her account.她以为你是为了她才打算离开凯蒂阿姨的。
On this account, we should be cautious.因为这个缘故我们应该谨慎。
He is angry on that account.由于那个缘故他生气了。
We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather .因为天气恶劣,我们推迟了行程。
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