一. when 用作副词
1. 用作疑问副词
引导特殊疑问句。
When are you going to go skiing?
When did you visit the museum?
2. 用作连接副词
通常用来引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句及起名词作用的“ when +动词不定式”结构。
When he comes is not known. 主语从句
The morning is when I am busiest. 表语从句
I have no idea when the game will begin.同位语从句
I don't know when the plane takes off. 宾语从句
I don't know when to leave for London. when + to do 结构
3. 用作关系副词
引导限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
Do you still remember the days when we stayed in America?
The day will come soon when the Chinese astronauts will go to the moon.
It happened ten years ago, when I was a child.
We will go to the countryside at the beginning of June, when the summer harvest will start.
Don’t forget the time ______ I’ve told you. (that / which / 不填)
Don’t forget the time ______ the plan takes off. (at which / when / that / 不填) that此时为关系副词
二. when 用作连词
1. 用作从属连词,意为“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。
They learned a lot from the peasants when they stayed in the village.
It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
It was ten o’clock sharp when I got there.
When you see him, please say hello to him. 见到他时,代我问他好。
When I reached the station, the train had left. 当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。
注:如果 when 引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,且从句中的谓语动词是“ be +分词”或从句主语是 it ,则 be 动词及其主语常可省略.
When (he was ) asked why he was late,he made no answer.
I'll tell him about it when ( it is) possible.
2. 用作从属连词,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。immediately after
We will stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom.
Fire the rockets when I give the signal.
We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.
3. 用作从属连词,意为“还没 / 刚刚……就”,引导时间状语从句。
I had hardly opened the door when he came in.我刚一开门,他就进来了.
I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard someone call my name.
主语+ had hardly / scarcely + done + when 从句(一般过去时)
主语+ had no sooner + done + than 从句(一般过去时)
I had hardly reached home when it began to rain.
= Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
= No sooner had I reached home than I began to rain.
注:hardly…when和no sooner…than的结构要注意三点:
意思为“一A就B“;
A句通常用过去完成时、B句用一般过去时;
hardly 和 no sooner 位于句首时要注意部分倒装。
4. 用作从属连词,意为“倘若,如果”,表示条件。相当于if
He will be likely to recover when he is operated on. 如果动手术,他有可能康复。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障,就把电源关上。
How can I get a job when I can't even read or write?如果我连读和写都不会,我怎么能找到工作呢?
5. 用作从属连词,意为“既然,尽管”,表示让步。相当于in view of the fact that; considering that 既然;考虑到。
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me? 既然他们不愿听我的,我又怎么能帮助他们弄明白呢?
Why use metal when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料,为什么用金属呢?
They kept trying when they knew it was hopeless.尽管他们知道那件事没有希望,可是他们还在不断地努力.
6. 用作从属连词,意为“既然”,表原因。相当于since (when“既然”从句通常句后; since从句通常句首)。
How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time playing computer games?
他们把所有的空闲时间都用来玩电游,还能学什么东西呢?
7. 用作并列连词,意为“这时”, after which, and just then(implying suddenness) , and just at that time
主句中可以用过去进行时,过去完成时或“ was/were about to do sth.”结构
Last night I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.昨天晚上我正要上床睡觉时,电话铃响了.
I was cooking in the kitchen when someone knocked at the door.我正在厨房做饭,这时有人敲门.
He had just finished the book when supper was served.我刚刚读完这本书,这时晚饭就端上来了.
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑着的时候,门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发就开始下雨了。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要走就有人敲门。
We were doing our homework when the light went out.
8. 用作并列连词,意为“虽然、然而、可是”,表示转折。相当于although; whereas
They have only three copies when we need five. 他们只有三本,而我们却需要五本。
He usually walks to work when he might take a bus.虽然他可以坐公共汽车上班,但他却常常步行上班.
I had only twenty dollars when I needed thirty to buy the dictionary. 我需要30美元买那本字典,可是我只有20美元.
They kept trying when they must have known it was hopeless.他们明明知道那事没有希望了,但他们还继续在干.
9. 用作并列连词,意为“而、却”,表示对比.
How can he say that everything is fine when it's obvious that it is not?他怎能说一切都好呢?情况显然不是那样.
三. when 用作代词
when 作为代词常常位于介词之后,意为“那时,什么时候”.
We came back on Tuesday,since when we have been working in the repair shop.
Since when have you been studying Japanese?你是从何时起一直学习日语的?
Until when can you stay? 你能呆到什么时候?
注:since when 作引导词时是“介词(since)+关系代词(when)” 的结构,when意为which time。since when常引导非限制性定语从句,从句应用完成时态。
I came here in 1949, since when I have been engaged in this work. 我1949年到这里,从那时起我就担任这项工作。
We came back on Tuesday, since when we have been working in the repair shop.
We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad.
Mr.Smith came to China in 2002, since when he has been working in Beijing University.
Mr.Smith came to China in 2002, since which time he has been working in Beijing University.
Mr.Smith came to China in 2002; since then he has been working in Beijing University.
四. when用法名词
when 还可用作名词,前面常常用定冠词.the when 表示事件发生的时间,常常与 the where,the how 并列使用.
He told the police the when and the how of the accident.他告诉警察事故发生的时间及发生的原委.
五.练习
1. I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what
2. Why do you want a new job _____ you've got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when
3. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
4. We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. where D. when
5. The reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.
A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel
6. ______ got into the room _________ the telephone rang.
A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when
7. ---- Can I join your club, Dad? ---- You can when you _______ a bit older.
A. get B. will got C. are getting D. will have got
8. I shall never forget those days ______ I lived in the countryside with the farmers, ______ had a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
9. The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
10. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
11. My brother left school in 2005 ,and since then he ______in Beijing . A. lives B. Lived C. will live D. has lived
12. Tom left Shanghai for London on May 5 , since___I have never called him up. A when B then C. while D. that
13. He transplanted the little tree to the garden ____ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. that D. until
14. Peter was so excited _______he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
A. where B. that C. why D. when
15. I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. after
16. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
17. Why do you want a new job _____you've got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when
18. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
19. He was about to tell me the secret _____ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when
20. She had just finished her homework _____ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. when B. while C. after D. since
Keys: 1. ADDDA 6. BABCD 11. DABDA 16. DDADA
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