[转载]简析源自《圣经》的英语习语

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简析源自《圣经》的英语习语
湖南省长沙市长郡中学 毛里林
《圣经》的故事在欧美地区流传甚广,为英语贡献了大量习语。本文拟摘录部分源自《圣经》的习语,追溯习语出处的章节,翻译蕴藏习语的英文原句,并举例说明习语的用法,以飨广大读者。
一. 名词词组类
1. a life for a life
出自《圣经·旧约·申命记》第19章:The punishment is to be a life for a life。惩罚就是一命抵一命。出自此处的习语还有an eye for an eye,a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand 和 a foot for a foot,都是“报复”的意思。例如:
While I was once hurt by her, I would not let it be a life for a life. 虽然她曾经伤害过我,但我不会报复她。
2.clean hands
出自《圣经•旧约•约伯记》第17章:He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger。手洁的人将会愈益有力,表示“廉洁”。例如:
My mother retired from office with clean hands. 我母亲退休时两袖清风。
3. the apple of the/one’s eye
出自《圣经•旧约•诗篇》第17章:Keep me as the apple of the eye。保护我如同保护眼睛中的瞳孔,比喻特别珍视之物,可译成“掌上明珠”。例如:
Ten to one you are the apple of your parents’ eye. 十有八九,你被视为父母的掌上明珠。
4. the root of the matter
出自《圣经•旧约•约伯记》第19章:the Root of the matter is found in me。祸根在我(自己),意思是“问题的根本”。例如:
As long as they analyze it carefully, they will be able to reach the root of the matter. 只要分析得仔细,他们就能从根本上解决问题。
5. the skin of my teeth
出自《圣经•旧约•约伯记》第19章:I have escaped with the skin of my teeth。我有幸牙皮逃脱,意为“幸免于难”。例如:
Yesterday Daniel had a car accident, but he escaped with the skin of his teeth。昨天丹尼尔遭遇了一场车祸,但却幸免于难。
6. a good old age
出自《圣经•旧约•创世纪》第25章:Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age。 亚伯拉罕寿年迈,自然气绝而死,意思“长命百岁”。例如:
He is in good health and will live to a good old age. 他身体健康,会长命百岁。
7. the salt of the earth
出自《圣经•新约•马太福音》第5章:Ye are the salt of the earth。你们是世上的盐,意为“社会中坚, 民族精英”。例如:
They used to be regarded as the salt of the earth. 他们曾经被认为是民族精英。
二.动词词组类
1. lick the dust
出自《圣经•旧约•诗篇》第72章:His enemies shall lick the dust。他的仇敌必将舔土,意思是“被击败”。例如:
Once you say “die”, you will lick the dust. 你一旦放弃,你就会被击败!
2. go from strength to strength
出自《圣经•旧约•诗篇》第84章:They will go from strength to strength。他们越走越有力,意思是“越来越强”。例如:
Since he took over the business, the company has gone from strength to strength. 自从他接管公司以来, 公司就越办越强。
3. kick against the pricks
出自《圣经•新约•使徒行传》第9章:It is hard for you to kick against the pricks。你用脚踢刺棒是挺难的,意思是“以卵击石”。例如:
We are trying to persuide him to act according to his capability instead of kicking against the pricks. 我们在尽力劝说他量力而行,而不要以卵击石。
4. fight the good fight
出自《圣经•新约•提摩太前书》第6章:Fight the good fight of the faith。要为信仰打那美好的仗,意为“正义之战”。例如:
They claimed to be fighting the good fight. 他们宣称在为正义而战。
三.介词词组类
1. as one man
出自《圣经•旧约•士师记》第20章:All the people got them up as one man。全体众民都团结起来如同一人,表示 “全体一致” 的意思。例如:
The teaching staff speak as one man on this issue. 全体教职员工在这个问题上意见统一。
2. at their wit’s end
出自《圣经•旧约•诗篇》第107章:They reel to and fro, and stagger lile drunken men, and are at their wit’s end。他们摇摇晃晃,好像醉酒的智慧无法施展,意思是 “智穷计尽”。 例如:
He has been at his wit's end when facing such a big challenge.面对如此重大的挑战,他变得智穷计尽。
3. in sheep’s clothing
出自《圣经•新约•马太福音》第7章:Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing。要当心假先知:他们会披着羊皮到你们这里来,表示“貌善心恶”之意。例如:
The man is a wolf in sheep's clothing;You’d better be ware of him。此人貌善心恶;你最好提防他。
四.句子类
1. Money is the root of all evil
出自《圣经•新约•提摩太书》第6章:For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil。贪财是万恶之根,意思为“万恶之源”。例如:
Can you explain “Money is the root of all evil” in English? 你能用英文解释“金钱是万恶之源”吗?
2. to the pure all things are pure
出自《圣经•新约•提多书》第1章:To the pure, all things are pure。对于洁净的人,凡物都洁净,意思是“清者自清”。例如:
To the pure,all things are pure while to those who are corrupted,nothing is pure. 对于洁净者来说,凡物都洁净,然而对于贪腐的人而言,什么都不洁净。(根据《圣经》原句改编)
3 . if the blind lead the blind
出自《圣经•新约•马太福音》第15章:If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch。假如瞎子给瞎子领路,两个人都会跌进坑里去,意思是“误人子弟”。例如:
“Let Jimmy teaches children how to skate ” is equal to “if the blind lead the blind”. 让吉米教孩子们溜冰就等于“误人子弟”。
参考文献:
1. Deborah Aldred (牛津高中英语)(模块9),凤凰出版传媒集团译林出版社,2014年
2.
英语百科