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[转载]简析源自《圣经》的英语习语

(2016-08-27 07:29:05)
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简析源自《圣经》的英语习语

湖南省长沙市长郡中学 毛里林

 

《圣经》的故事在欧美地区流传甚广,为英语贡献了大量习语。本文拟摘录部分源自《圣经》的习语,追溯习语出处的章节,翻译蕴藏习语的英文原句,并举例说明习语的用法,以飨广大读者。

一. 名词词组类

1. a life for a life

出自《圣经·旧约·申命记》第19章:The punishment is to be a life for a life惩罚就是一命抵一命。出自此处的习语还有an eye for an eyea tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand a foot for a foot都是报复的意思。例如:

While I was once hurt by her, I would not let it be a life for a life. 虽然她曾经伤害过我,但我不会报复她。

2clean hands

出自《圣经旧约约伯记》第17He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger。手洁的人将会愈益有力,表示廉洁。例如:

My mother retired from office with clean hands. 我母亲退休时两袖清风。

3. the apple of the/one’s eye  

出自《圣经旧约诗篇》第17Keep me as the apple of the eye。保护我如同保护眼睛中的瞳孔,比喻特别珍视之物,可译成掌上明珠。例如:

Ten to one you are the apple of your parents’ eye. 十有八九,你被视为父母的掌上明珠。

4. the root of the matter

出自《圣经旧约约伯记》第19章:the Root of the matter is found in me。祸根在我(自己),意思是问题的根本。例如:

As long as they analyze it carefully, they will be able to reach the root of the matter. 只要分析得仔细,他们就能从根本上解决问题。

5. the skin of my teeth

出自《圣经旧约约伯记》第19章:I have escaped with the skin of my teeth。我有幸牙皮逃脱,意为幸免于难。例如:

Yesterday Daniel had a car accident, but he escaped with the skin of his teeth。昨天丹尼尔遭遇了一场车祸,但却幸免于难。

6. a good old age

出自《圣经旧约创世纪》第25章:Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age 亚伯拉罕寿年迈,自然气绝而死,意思长命百岁。例如:

He is in good health and will live to a good old age. 他身体健康,会长命百岁。

7. the salt of the earth

出自《圣经新约马太福音》第5章:Ye are the salt of the earth。你们是世上的盐,意为社会中坚, 民族精英。例如:

They used to be regarded as the salt of the earth. 他们曾经被认为是民族精英。

二.动词词组类

1. lick the dust

出自《圣经旧约诗篇》第72章:His enemies shall lick the dust。他的仇敌必将舔土,意思是被击败。例如:

Once you say “die”, you will lick the dust. 你一旦放弃,你就会被击败!

2. go from strength to strength

出自《圣经旧约诗篇》第84章:They will go from strength to strength。他们越走越有力,意思是越来越强。例如:

Since he took over the business, the company has gone from strength to strength. 自从他接管公司以来, 公司就越办越强。

3. kick against the pricks

出自《圣经新约使徒行传》第9章:It is hard for you to kick against the pricks。你用脚踢刺棒是挺难的,意思是以卵击石。例如:

We are trying to persuide him to act according to his capability instead of kicking against the pricks. 我们在尽力劝说他量力而行,而不要以卵击石。

4. fight the good fight

出自《圣经新约提摩太前书》第6章:Fight the good fight of the faith。要为信仰打那美好的仗,意为正义之战。例如:

They claimed to be fighting the good fight. 他们宣称在为正义而战。

三.介词词组类

1. as one man

出自《圣经旧约士师记》第20All the people got them up as one man。全体众民都团结起来如同一人,表示 全体一致 的意思。例如:

The teaching staff speak as one man on this issue. 全体教职员工在这个问题上意见统一。

2. at their wit’s end

出自《圣经旧约诗篇》第107章:They reel to and fro, and stagger lile drunken men, and are at their wit’s end。他们摇摇晃晃,好像醉酒的智慧无法施展,意思是 智穷计尽 例如:

He has been at his wit's end when facing such a big challenge.面对如此重大的挑战,他变得智穷计尽。

3. in sheep’s clothing

出自《圣经新约马太福音》第7章:Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing。要当心假先知:他们会披着羊皮到你们这里来,表示貌善心恶之意。例如:

The man is a wolf in sheep's clothingYou’d better be ware of him。此人貌善心恶;你最好提防他。

四.句子类

1. Money is the root of all evil

出自《圣经新约提摩太书》第6章:For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil。贪财是万恶之根,意思为万恶之源。例如:

Can you explain “Money is the root of all evil” in English? 你能用英文解释金钱是万恶之源吗?

2. to the pure all things are pure

出自《圣经新约提多书》第1章:To the pure, all things are pure。对于洁净的人,凡物都洁净,意思是清者自清。例如:

To the pureall things are pure while to those who are corruptednothing is pure. 对于洁净者来说,凡物都洁净,然而对于贪腐的人而言,什么都不洁净。(根据《圣经》原句改编)

3 . if the blind lead the blind

出自《圣经新约马太福音》第15章:If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch。假如瞎子给瞎子领路,两个人都会跌进坑里去,意思是误人子弟。例如:

“Let Jimmy teaches children how to skate ” is equal to “if the blind lead the blind”. 让吉米教孩子们溜冰就等于误人子弟

参考文献:

1. Deborah Aldred (牛津高中英语)(模块9),凤凰出版传媒集团译林出版社,2014

2. 英语百科  圣经习语39 http://www.dioenglish.com/wiki/index.php?doc-view-9671

 

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