非谓语动词作宾补的比较
(2015-05-03 11:08:31)非谓语动词作宾补的比较
一、现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补表示动作当时正在进行,尚未结束,强调动作的发生过程或当时一段时间的状态。此时,宾语与宾补之间的关系是主动的主谓关系。下列两类动词之后通常用现在分词作宾补。
1、表“感觉”的动词:see; watch;
observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen
to等。例如:
I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room.(汤姆正在发出“唱歌”这个动作。)
On the top of the hill, he could see smoke rising from the chimneys. (炊烟正在发出“升起”这个动作。)
He looked aroundand caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
他环顾四周,无意中发现一个人正在偷旅客的钱包。(catch
He was found smoking in the hall, so he was fined heavily. 有人发现他在大厅里抽烟,结果被重罚。
2、表“使役”的动词:have; keep; get;start; send; leave; set等。例如:
His letter left me feeling pretty bad.他的信使我感到相当难受。(指当时那段时间的状态。)
What she said set me
thinking.她说的话让我深思。(指当时那段时间“思考”的状态。)
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long a
time. 很抱歉让您久等了。
(指当时那段时间“等待”的状态。)
二、过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补,强调动作的完成和结果,此时,宾语与宾补之间的关系是被动的主谓关系。它主要是用在下列三类动词之后。
1、
look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。
例如:When they got there,they found the
house burnt down.(房子已经被“烧掉”,强调结果。)
I heard the song sung
yesterday.(
歌被人“唱”。)
2、
表示“心理状态”的动词:like; think; expect;
want; wish等。例如:
The waitress asked the American how he liked his
steak cooked.
女服务员问那个美国人愿意怎么烹调牛排。(牛排被“烹调”。)
3、
表示“使役”的动词:have; get; leave; keep; make; order
Don’t leave those things undone..要把那些事情做完。(事情被“做”。)
The teacher couldn’t make himself paid
attention to because there was too much noise
outside.
注意:使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种意义,具体指那种意义,要根据上下语境来确定。
过去分词所表示的动作由主语让他人完成的。例如:
1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. (虽然头发被理,但这里指主语“我”让理发师理发。)
2) 过去分词所表示的动作是指主语所经历的一件不好的事情。例如:
He had his leg broken when he was playing football yesterday.
他昨天打足球的时候,腿被摔断了。(虽然腿被摔断,但这里指主语的不好的一次经历,与第一点意思不一样。)
三、动词不定式作宾补
在英语中有些动词要求接动词不定式作宾补。它表示该动作发生在谓语动词之后,属将要发生的动作。应注意如下几个方面:
1、
want; expect;
like;
invite; encourage; warn; remind; oblige; forbid; challenge;
drive
Wei Fang asked me to go shopping with
her.(“逛商场”这个动作发生在“叫”之后。)
Our teacher
注意:
1)当表示“见解、看法”的动词后带不定式作宾补时,其宾补形式通常是to be或to have done。这类词通常有:believe; consider; declare; discover;
guess; declare;
find; imagine; judge; feel (认为); suppose;
think; understand等。例如:
I consider him to have done wrong.我认为他做错了。
Later, he discovered the story to be true.后来,他发现那个故事是真实。
2)表示“好恶”的动词后带不定式作宾补时,不能用于被动。这类动词主要动词有:like; dislike;
prefer; hate; love; want等。例如:
I hate people to tell lies. 我厌恶人说谎。
Do you prefer me to do the work by myself?你更愿意我独自做这个工作。
3)某些短语动词后可带不定式作宾补。这类动词主要有arrange for; ask for; call on; count on; depend on; long for; rely on;wait for等。
例如:You can not count on Tom to
help
I am
2、
watch。这类动词后的宾补表示该动作已经结束或未来要发生的动作。应注意:在主动语态中省to,在被动语态中要to,
其中have没有被动式。例如:
We saw them play football yesterday. (表示看了“打足球”整个过程。在主动语态中省to。)
He was made to stand outside for
two hours.
(在被动语态中要加to。)