现在完成时讲解和练习（转）_洪艳

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现在完成时讲解和练习（转）

(2015-06-13 11:57:34)

标签：

英语

分类：中学语数英

I. 定义：

1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态

II. 现在完成时的结构

have/has+ done (过去分词)

注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。

III. 现在完成时的时间状语　

1.　ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用

2.Since+时间点，for+时间段，in the past/last few years

表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：

I have already finished my homework.

I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?

They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)

I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)

I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.

注意：

1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等;

2)不能与when连用

IV. 现在完成时的用法

A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：

The car has arrived.　车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）

Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）

B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如：

My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.

我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.

自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。

How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？

用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。如：

He has been in the Green China for three years.

He has been a member of the Green China for three years.

他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。

The old man died 4 years ago.---- The old man has been dead for 4 years.

He joined the Party 2 years ago.---- He has been in the Party for 2 years.

I bought the book 5 days ago.---- I have had the book for 5 days.

表示时间段的短语有:

for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。

V. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别

1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）

I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/...

In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ...

Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)

现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

VI. 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in

have(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等

He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海

He has been to Shanghai.

他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)

He has gone to Shanghai.

他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.

布朗先生来上海已经有三天了

由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive →be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back →be back

leave →be away fall ill(sick, asleep) →be ill(sick, asleep) get up →be up

go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open

join →be in或be a member of… close →be closed go to school →be a student

borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know

begin to study →study come to work →work

英语时态讲解与练习（二）

一、一般过去时

一般过去时是由动词的过去式来表示的。一般过去时表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

动词的过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。

一般过去时的基本构成：规则动词后+ed

1. 表示过去发生的动作，与现在毫无联系，与确定的时间状语词连用，如：then,at that time,just now,yesterday,last year,in 1998,……ago

2. 表示过去习惯动作，只适用于动态动词

Eg.When she was in Beijing,she often came to see me.

二、现在完成时(重点及难点)

构成：助动词have/has+过去分词

①表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果或影响。常与already, just, yet, in the last few years, so far,

--Have you had your lunch yet?

--yes, I have. I have just had it.（现在我不饿了）

I have already posted the photos.(这些照片已不在这里了)

② 表示动作或状态从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去。常与for, since引导的时间状语连用（For+一段时间，Since+某一点时间），可以用how long提问。其中“for+一段时间”用在肯定句中，动词必须是延续性动词；在否定句中，延续性动词或短暂性动词均可。Since连接的从句中，常用短暂性动词的一般过去时。

I have known Li Ming for three years.

They have lived here since 1996.

They have lived here since they graduated from university.

She has taught us since I came to this school.

How long have you worked in this factory?

现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last night, three days ago, in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系。它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影（我了解这部电影的内容）

I saw the film last week.我上一周看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。

He has lived here since 1992. 1992你年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）

He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（不涉及现在他是否还住在这里）

have bee to和have gone to

have been to 表示曾经去过某地 have gone to 表示已经去某地了。

have bee in a place在某地待了有多久。

现在完成时的口诀:发生在过去，影响在现在。

延续性动词与终止性动词讲解

动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

延续性动词（或称为持续性动词）

终止性动词（或称为瞬间动词、非延续性动词、非延续性动词、界限性动词）

表示动作一发生即告结束的动词叫终止性动词，

表示持续一段时间的动词叫延续性动词。

一、英语中常见的终止性动词有：leave， go，come，arrive，begin，buy，borrow，die，join， become，marry，graduate，become等。由于终止性动词所表示的动作发生与结束在一瞬间完成，所以终止性动词的完成体的肯定式既不能与表示一段时间的状语“for ＋时间段”或“ since ＋时间点”连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句之中。例句：

我哥哥参军两年了。My brother has joined the army for two years．（误）

我哥哥自1999年就参军了。My brother has joined the army since 1999．（误）

你哥哥参军多久了？How long has your brother joined the army ？（误）

如用延续性动词表示瞬间的行为，则必须借助come（表示动作的渐进过程），begin， get（表示动作的变化过程）等动词。例句：

I studied English thirteen years ago．（误）

I began to study English thirteen years ago．（正）

When did you know him？（误）

When did you get to know him ？（正）

二、终止性动词肯定形式的完成时不能与一段时间状语连用。可用以下三种方法替换：

⑴时态替换法就是把非延续性动词的完成时态，改为过去时态，然后再把“for+一段时间”改为“一段时间段＋ago”，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。例句：

My brother joined the army two years ago．

The old man died ten years ago．

He left his hometown thirty years ago．

句型替换法

(2).since法

用“ It is（或has been）＋一段时间＋ since…”改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为终止性动词，且常用一般过去时。例句：

It is（或has been）two years since my brother joined the army．

It is ten years since the old man died．

It is（或has been）thirty years since he left his hometown．

注：It is／has been．．．since．．．句型中的动词若为延续性动词，计时的起点是since句中动词结束之点。不然应将since句中的动词改为begin to do sth．。例句：

It's five years since he studied English．他不学英语已五年了。

It's five years since he began to study English．他学英语已五年了。

(3).一段时间法

“用一段时间＋has ／have passed since S＋V-ed”句型改写。例句：

Two years has ／have passed since my brother joined the army．

Thirty years has ／have passed since he left his hometown．

(4).动词替换法

若保留for ＋时间段，since ＋时间点或用在how long句型中，需将终止性动词改为相应的延续性动词或状态动词。例句：

My brother has been in the army for two years．

Jack has been a postman for about six years．

When he came home，I had been asleep for three hours．

Of course I know him very well because we have been friends for ages．

—How long have you been here？

—About two months．

三、常见终止性动词与延续性动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下：

leave →be away（from） borrow→ keep finish ／end ／stop→ be over

join the army→ be ／serve in the army ／be a soldier open→ be open

join the Party→ be in the Party ／be a Party member

catch ／get a cold→ have a cold fall asleep→ be asleep

go to school→ be in school／be a student begin→ be on put on（上演）→be on

buy→ have become→ be marry→ be married（to） wake up→ be awake

make friends with→ be friends with open sth→ keep sth open

lose→ be lost ／be missing ／be gone lose one's job work→ be out of work ／a job

例句：When he got to the station，the train had been away for a long time．

My brother has had a bad cold for a week．

My father joined the Party in 1945．

He has been a Party member for about fifty-five years．

Tom's brother had been in the army for three years before he became a teacher．

The film had been on for fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema．

—Excuse me．How long may I keep the book？

—Two weeks．

Kate was wearing that red coat from Monday to Saturday．

Kate has been married to John for nearly ten years．

Joe told his friends that he had been a lawyer for ten years．

The factory has been open since 1990．

四、since从句中两种时态的不同含义

我们再来分析一下since从句中使用终止性动词与延续性动词的区别。

在since从句中我们往往使用终止性动词的过去时，从句表示的时间是“从那一时刻起”，如：

Mr Brown has made quite a few Chinese friends since he came to China. 布朗先生自从来中国以后已交了相当多的中国朋友。

He has studied very hard since he came to our school．他自从来到我们学校学习一直非常努力。

We have been missing them since they left here．自从他们离开这儿，我们一直非常想念他们。

注意：since从句中不可以使用终止性动词的完成时

since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词的一般过去时，从句表示的时间是“从那延续性动词动作结束时算起”，如：

It’s three weeks since my aunt stayed here. (=My aunt hasn’t stayed here for three weeks.) 我阿姨不在这儿已有三周了。

I haven′t heard from him since I lived in Shanghai. 自从我离开上海以来，一直没有收到他的来信。)

但是如果在since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时，则意味着该状态延续至今，和一般过去时的含义完全相反。试比较：

I have been at school since I have been ill. （我生病以来一直在学校里。）

I have been at school since I was ill. （我病愈以来一直在学校里。）

弄清since从句中两种时态的不同含义，对于以下例句的理解就不会感到困难了。如：

It’s 4 years since Mr Li smoked. （李先生戒烟已有四年了。）

They asked me to have a drink with them．I said that it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink．他们叫我去喝一杯，我说我至少有十年没痛痛快快地喝一杯了。

I haven't heard from him since I lived in Shanghai．从我离开上海就没收到过他的来信。

I haven't heard any noise since I slept．我醒后没听到任何噪音。

He has lived with my uncle since he has returned from abroad．（误）

He has lived with my uncle since he returned from abroad．（正）

五、终止性在否定句中，因为动作的否定就是一种可以延续的状态，因此，可以和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也可用在how long…？句型中。例句：

I haven't received his letter for two weeks．我两周没收到他的来信了。

He hasn't come here for 7days．他七天没来这儿了。

She didn't marry ten years when her husband died．她结婚还不到十年，丈夫就去世了。

六、“in＋数＋（时间）名词”的译法，主要以句中动词是延续性还是终止性而定。一般说来，如果句中动词是终止性，则译为“多久之后”。这时若要表达“在多久之内”，则需将 in改为within。如果句中动词是延续性，则译为“多久之内”。例句：

Jack will go to Shanghai in two weeks．杰克两周后就能抵达上海。

Tom will reach New York in a few days．汤姆几天后就能到达纽约。

I'll finish reading this novel within three days．三天内我就能读完这本小说。

They will learn Japanese in four or five years．他们四五年内就能学会日语。

七、as ／so long as ＋从句

从句中只可用延续性动词或连系动词，不可用终止性动词。 if only ＋从句，则可用终止性动词。例句：

As ／So long as you insist on studying English for a long time，you'll master it．只要你长期坚持学习英语，你就能掌握它。

As ／So long as you promise our conditions， we can satisfy your request．（误）

If only you promise our conditions，we can satisfy your request．（正）只要你答应我们的条件，我们就能满足你的要求。

训练题

一般过去时专练

( )1. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.

A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb

C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing

( )2. The teacher asked the students to close the windows _______ the wind from _______ the papers away.

A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing

C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow

( )3. The sick man stayed in bed, _______ very terrible.

A. felt B. feeling C. is feeling D. was feeling

( )4. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend.

A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell

( )5. The boy was made _______ there for an hour by his father.

A. standing B. stand C. to stand D. stands

( )6. I saw him _______ into the small store.

A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone

( )7. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room ______ him clearly.

A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard

( )8. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun.

A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves

( )9. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I _______ know you _______ here.

A. don’t; are B. didn’t; are C. didn’t; were D. don’t; were

( )10. Mr LuXun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels.

A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write

Section B

I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.

1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.

2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.

3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.

6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.

7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.

8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.

9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.

10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?

II. Choose the best answer.

1. How long have you _______ here?

A. come B. got C. arrived D. been

2. My grandpa died _________.

A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years

C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.

3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.

A. been B. gone C. went D. never been

4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.

A. after B. since C. for D. that

5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?

--I will. I _____ her several times.

A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet

6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?

--Just 2 weeks.

A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had

7.--Do you know Lydia very well?

--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.

A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned

8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.

A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live

9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?

-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.

A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to

10. --____ you ever ____ to the US?

-- Yes, twice.

A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going

I. 单项选择。

( )1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

( )2. Have you met Mr. Li ____？

Ａ. Just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago

( )3. —How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

　　Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

( )4. —Our country ____ a lot so far .

—Yes. I hope it will be even ______ .

　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed; better

( )5. —______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.

Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished

Ｃ.Have; done; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish

( )6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

　　Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ twice.

　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

( )8. —These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

( )9. Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are; studying

( )10. His father ______ the Party since 1998 .

　　Ａ.joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

( )11. —Do you know him well ? — Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .

　　Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

( )12. He has ___ been to Shanghai, has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

( )13. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

　　Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began

( )14. It ___ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. Is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

( )15. Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library.

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

( )16. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.

　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, ____?

A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they

( )18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes B. How often, got

C. How long, came D. How far, arrived

( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work

C. has lived there D. has left the university

20、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished

C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish

21、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

22、—Do you know him well ?

— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

23When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away

24. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined B. have joined C. have been in

24.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.

A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

25.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become

26.The meeting _____ for a week now.

A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.

A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught

30. How long _______ he ________ ?

A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead

31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept

32.He ________ the car for a week.

A. bought B. has bought C. has had

33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.

A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been

35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.

A. borrow B. keep C. take

40.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.

A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep

用过去时或现在完成时填空：

1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”

“When ________ you __________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”

2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”

“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”

3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”

4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”

5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.

6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.

7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.

8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.

9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.

10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?

11.Have you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”

“Where______ you ___________(buy) it?” “ I _________(buy) it in a bookstore.”

“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”

三、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.

2) David ________ the park just now.

3) John _______ England since he came back.

4) How long _____ have _____ this village?

5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.

7) I _____ this school since three years ago.

8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.

9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.

10) Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.

11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo.

12) He often _____ swimming.

13) _____ you ______ there last year?

II. 14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?

III. 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化

1.He died 10 years ago. ——He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ——He _____________the book for 2 weeks.

3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ——He ___________the motorbike for a month.

4. He arrived here three days ago.—He ____________here since three days ago.

5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. —— The light __________for 2 hours.

6. He left here 2 years ago.——— He ____________from here for 2 years.

7. The film began 30 minutes ago. ——The film __________ for 30 minutes.

8. They opened the door an hour ago. —— The door __________ for an hour.

9. They closed the door an hour ago. ——The door ___________for an hour.

10. He joined the army last year. ——He _____________ a _______ for a year.

He _____________ the army for a year.

It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.

二、用since和for填空

1.______two years 2.____two years ago3.___last month 4.______ 1999

5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago

9. ___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here

12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.

13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.

15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.

16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。

① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp

→ be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there

1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .

2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .

3) I went home yesterday. I home for .

4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.

② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out

1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.

2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.

③ become → be

1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________.

2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________.

④ close → be closed open → be open

1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________.

2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away from sp.

fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be over；marry → be married；

1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.

2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.

3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.

4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.

5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.

6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.

⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on

1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.

2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

⑦ borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear

catch / get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know

1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________.

2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________.

3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.

4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________.

⑧have / has gone to → have been in

He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days.

⑨ join the league / the Party / the army

→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier

→ be a member of the league / the Party

→ be in the league / the Party / the army

1) He joined the league in 2002.

He _________________ a _________________ for two years.

He ___________ a _________ the ________ for two years.

He _______________________ the league for two years.

2) My brother joined the army two years ago.

My brother _________a ________ for ___________ ___________.

My brother ___________ in ___________ for two years.

七用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

八. 用适当的时态填空：

1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.

2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.

3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.

4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).

5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?

6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?

7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.

8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book.

9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?

10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?

11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.

12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.

13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.

14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.

延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化