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汉译英5

(2015-12-23 14:36:12)
标签:

英语

分类: 英语翻译

161. 别五十步笑百步了,你并不比我做得好。

[] Don't laugh at those who have covered 100 steps when you have covered 50. You have done no better than me.

[] The pot calls the kettle black! You have done no better than me.

注: 以前,英国人烧水不是用 pot 就是用 kettle,而且它们的底总被熏得黑黑的。所以,“罐子笑锅黑”与我们的“五十步笑百步”一样,都很形象,只是两种文化所深沉的东西不一样,因此表达也就大相径庭了。如若直译,很难传神,甚至理解都成问题。

162. 一粒老鼠屎,坏了一锅汤。

[] The mouse waste spoils the whole pot of soup.

[] The rotten apple injures its neighbors.

注:都来自生活小常识,都揭示人生大现象,可是,中英文选择的载体就是不一样。中国人熟悉的表达是“老鼠屎”,西方人则用“烂苹果”。

163. 史密斯先生觉得自己是个小人物,他多希望有一天能成为大人物啊!

 [] Mr. Smith always considers himself nobody, and how he wishes to be somebody one day!

注:“小人物”也好,“大人物”也罢,是言其地位,而非体格。nobody somebody 能准确表达这一中文意思,而 small figure big figure 是指“小个子”和“大个子”,不要混淆噢!

164. 三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。

 [] Two heads are better than one.

注: 此类中文典故很难通过直译讲清楚,加上一大堆注释又无法传神,所以还不如用英文对应的习惯表达呢。

165. 文人相轻。

[] Men of letters despise each other.

[] Two of a trade never agree.

注: 虽然第二句英文说法比中文原文的所指范围要宽泛一些,但其精髓是相通的,值得比较记忆。

166. 一个巴掌拍不响,这事儿是他俩一块儿干的。

[] One palm claps not ---this must have been done by them both.

[] It takes two to tango ---this must have been done by them both.

注: 我们说“一个巴掌拍不响”,而西方人习惯用“探戈舞是需要两个人一块儿跳的”,但这两者的含义是那么的一致。

167. 江山易改,本性难移。

[] It is easier to move the mountains than to change one's nature.

[] A leopard can't change its spots.

注: “豹子改变不了身上的花斑”,英语里常用动物来说明事理。

168. 汤姆破产以后,他的那些朋友都不见了 ---他们不过是一些酒肉朋友。

[] None of his friends has ever turned up since Tom went bankrupt ---they are nothing but friends of wine and meat.

[] None of his friends has ever turned up since Tom went bankrupt ---they are nothing but fine weather friends.

注: 英语中的 fine weather friends 是指“顺境中的朋友”,其意思与我们的“酒肉朋友”是一样的,都是指“只能同甘,不能共苦的朋友”。

169. 他白手起家,把一家小工厂办成了跨国集团。

 [] He started from scratch, developing a small factory into an international business group.

注: “白手”是“从零开始”的意思,而不是“白色的手”。所以,有时候直译是会贻笑大方的。scratch 作名词时曾有“起跑线”之意,所以 start from scratch 才是“白手起家”的正确翻译。

170. 这班上最高的男生成了她的靠山。

 [] The tallest boy in the class has become her security blanket.

注: “靠山”只是个比喻说法,它是指“保护人”。但英国人不习惯用“靠山”作比喻,也不用我们常说的“保护伞”。也许他们认为被毯子包裹起来更有安全感吧。

171. 我心里有数,他将成为我最优秀的学生。

 [] I feel in my bones that he will be my best student.

注: 如果将“心中有数”翻译成“心里有几个数字”,那外国人一定不明白是什么意思。而 feel in one's bones(在骨头里都感觉到了)不正充分表达了中文的意思吗?

172. 他把这工程做砸了,被老板骂得狗血淋头。

 [] He failed in the project and was given both barrels by his boss.

注: 在这里,barrel 是“枪筒”的意思。而 give sb. both barrels 指连续射击,狠狠打击对手,不给他喘息的机会。它与中文的“狗血淋头”不是一回事吗?

173. 他老爱吹牛,一点也不可信。

[] He is always blowing the bull up and is not reliable at all.

[] He is always talking big and is not reliable at all.

注: 将“吹牛”翻译成“把一头牛吹起来”的人可能并不多,但不知如何翻译的人也许不在少数。现在你知道了吗?talk big 就是“吹牛”的地道说法。

174. 别杞人忧天了,公司的状况很好。

[] Don't worry about the falling sky. The company is going on quite well.

[] Don't be a nervous Nellie. The company is going on quite well.

注: nervous Nellie 就是英文里那个忧心忡忡的“杞人”,那么为什么不直接拿来用呢!

175. 她做事总是拣了芝麻,丢了西瓜。

[] She is always collecting sesame at the cost of watermelon.

[] She is only penny-wise.

注: “拣了芝麻,丢了西瓜”是中文里对因小失大的形象比喻,但照搬到英文里则会让人糊涂。西方人怎样说呢?penny-wise! 即“只在小钱上精明”。但仔细想想它们是不是具有相同的意思呢?

176. 自从那件事发生以后,他总是魂不守舍的。

[] His soul is absent from its dwell ever since the occurrence of that event.

[] He has been having ants in his pants ever since the occurrence of that event.

注: “蚂蚁在裤腿里爬”当然会让人坐立不安了,这时与中文所说的“魂不守舍”是不是一个样子呢?只是中文用的是拟人的修辞手法,而英文用的是比喻。

177. 他累断了腰才把儿子抚养成人。

 [] He broke his neck to bring up his son.

注: 中国人说“累断了腰”,而英国人习惯用“累断脖子”。

178. 他俩总混在一块儿,可真是物以类聚啊。

[] They stay together all the time ---similar objects are always together.

[] They stay together all the time ---like to like.

注: 第一句译文也能达意,但怎能与言简意赅且富有乐感的 like to like 相比呢?

179. 小声点儿,隔墙有耳!

[] Turn down your voice! There is a ear behind the wall!

[] Turn down your voice! Walls have ears!

注: 在这里,地道的英文表达是用拟人的说法。“隔墙有耳”就是“墙也长耳”啊!

180. 他做事总是半途而废。

 [] He is in the habit of doing things by halves.

注: by halves 已经成为英文中的一个习惯表达,表示做事情“有始无终”。擅加改动可就错了

181. 露西最喜欢吃巧克力冰淇淋。

[] Lucy most likes chocolate ice cream.

[] Lucy likes chocolate ice cream best.

注: 中、英文有不同的语序。此句英文的最高级应放在句末,且固定的搭配应该是 like sth. better/best

182. 建好新的高速公路恐怕要等到猴年马月了。

[] The new motorway won't be ready until monkey's year and horse's month.

[] The new motorway won't be ready for donkey's years.

注: 我们的“猴年马月”在英文中要用“驴年”表达,即 donkey's years。另外,英文中 till the cows come home 所表达的意思也与此相同,如:If you expect to get help from him, you will have to wait till the cows come home.

183. 请自重!

[] Be respectful to yourself!

[] Behave yourself!

注: 这句中文几乎是一种警告,不是 respectful 所能表达的。但 behave oneself 也不总表达如此严厉的语气,而且其中的 oneself 还可以省略。如:Children, please behave!(孩子们,乖一点!)另外,conduct oneself with dignity 也可以表达“自重”或“放规矩点”等相同的意思。

184. 他太激动了,以致无法从头至尾地把故事讲完。

[] He was too excited to tell his story from the beginning to the end.

[] He was too excited to tell his story from beginning to end.

注: 这有关英语零冠词的用法。在英语的某些固定短语中,是无需使用冠词的。除了上例,相似的还有 at this time of year/day(一年中的这个时候),in bed(在床上)等。

185. 隐形眼镜

 []contact lenses

注: 一般的眼镜是用玻璃(glass)制成的,所以在英文中用 glass 表达。但隐形眼镜因为由特殊材料制成,并与人们的眼球直接接触(contact),因此名为 contact lenses

186. 月夜

[] moon night

[] moonlit night/moonlight night

注: 英语中用名词作定语的情况很多,如:cloth market(布匹市场),women doctors(女医生),school gate(学校大门)等,但并不是万无一失的,类似的例子还有 sunny day sunlit courtyard等。

187. 虽说他们是两兄弟,但学习态度真有天壤之别啊!

 [] Though they are brothers, their attitudes of studying are really as different as night and day!

注: 还是取地道的英文表达最保险,但这需要平时就做有心人,注意积累。

188. 勇敢点孩子,别怕被人笑话。

 [] Be brave, boy. Don't be afraid of being laughed at by others.

注: 初学英语者易犯的一个错误就是用逗号连接两个独立和完整的英语句子。虽然中文里这样用可以,但英文里却不行,要用连词 andsothough 等,或干脆用句号使其成为两个句子。另外,“笑话某人”应用 laugh at sb.”,介词 at 不能忘,在被动语态中尤其要注意。

189. 随便叫个人来帮忙,张三李四都行。

[] Get someone to help, Zhang San, Li Si or anyone else.

[] Get any Tom, Dick or Henry to help.

注:中国人姓“张”和姓“李”的很多,所以汉语中用“张三李四”泛指任何人。英国人叫 TomDick Henry 的很多,所以我们的“张三李四”在英语中就成了“TomDick or Henry”。

190. 车速越来越快了。

 [] The speed of the car is getting higher and higher.

注: fast 不能与 speed 连用,其固定搭配是 high。可以说 The car is getting faster and faster,但只能说Our car is driving on the highway at an extremely high speed

191. 他掌权以后立刻露出了本来面目。

 [] He showed his true colors as soon as he got the power in his hand.

注: 注意,这里的 colors 要用复数,而且这一短语带有很强的贬义。再看下面的句子:She finished the work in flying colors(她出色地完成了任务)。这里的 colors 指“彩旗”,而飘扬的彩旗可是胜利的标志噢!

192. 敌人对我们又打又拉。

[] The enemy striked and pulled us.

[] The enemy used both the carrot and the stick towards us.

注: 英语里常用借代的修辞手法。又如:Pen is mightier than sword.

193. 不就是一篇论文吗,小菜一碟。

[] Just a paper? It's a small plate of dish.

[] Just a paper? It's a piece of cake/as easy as a pie.

注: 我们用“小采一碟”表示“不成问题”,而英美人更习惯用蛋糕和派。这是典型的由文化差异引起的语言差异。

194. 我不信你会傻到帮他背黑锅。

[] I don't believe you are foolish enough to carry the black pan for him.

[] I don't believe you are foolish enough to hold the bag for him.

注: 这里的 bag 相当于 blame responsibility,所以短语 hold the bag 指“代人受过”,与我们的“背黑锅”意思相同。

195. 不管别人怎么对你,我永远是支持你的。

 [] No matter how others may treat you, I'll be always on your side.

注: support 一般指经济或行动上比较实在的帮助和支持,而 on one's side 则侧重于观点、立场等精神上的支持和一致。因此,这里用 on one's side 更符合愿意。

196. 她受丈夫的影响,成了不吃肉,只消费蔬菜、蛋和奶的素食者。

 [] Influenced by her husband, she changed into a vegetarian having eggs and milk only.

注: vegan 是“严格的素食主义者”,他们不仅不吃肉,而且连动物的副产品也不吃。而并不忌讳蛋和牛奶的“素食者”应用 vegetarian

197. 你是在杀鸡取卵。

[] You are killing the hen for her eggs.

[] You are killing the goose that lays golden eggs.

注: “杀死生金蛋的鹅”典出一个广为流传的故事:一位农夫得到了一只会生金蛋的鹅,但因为嫌每天只得一个金蛋速度太慢了,于是贪得无厌的农夫在妻子的怂恿下杀了那只鹅,想取出它肚子里所有的金蛋,结果反而彻底断了自己的财路。现在,人们用 kill the goose that lays golden eggs 比喻“目光短浅”或“得不偿失”,正是中文“杀鸡取卵”的意思。

198. 他三言两语就解释清楚了整件事。

 [] He made the whole thing clear in one or two words.

注: 虽然英语中的 one or two words 也是虚指,但所用的数字却与中文的不同。又如:三思(think twice),三心二意(in two minds),百里挑一(one in a thousand)等。

199. 他的恬不知耻让我起鸡皮疙瘩。

 [] His shamelessness gives me goose-pimples.

注:中文的“鸡皮疙瘩”在英语中要用“鹅皮疙瘩”(goose-pimples)表达。这多半由饮食习惯的差异引起,因为鹅在中国可不像在英国那样常见。

200. 十之八九你不能按时完成任务。

[] Eight or nine out of ten you will not be able to finish the assignment in time.

[] Ten to one you will not be able to finish the assignment in time.

注: “十之八九”表示“很可能”,相当于 probably,与英语的习惯用语 ten to one 意思相同。

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