元青花

Hong Kong dollars

    元青花瓷(又称元青花)，即元代生产的青花瓷器。元青花瓷开辟了由素瓷向彩瓷过渡的新时代，其富丽雄浑、画风豪放，绘画层次繁多，与中华民族传统的审美情趣大相径庭，实在是中国陶瓷史上的一朵奇葩，同时也使景德镇一跃成为中世纪世界制瓷业的中心。

Yuan Qinghua porcelain(also known as Yuan Qinghua), that is, Yuan Dynasty production of Qinghua porcelain. Yuan Qinghua porcelain has opened up a new era from the vegetable porcelain to the color porcelain, its rich, bold painting style, painting layers, and the Chinese traditional aesthetic tastes are very different, is really a wonderful flower in the history of China ceramics, but also Jingdezhen became the center of the world porcelain industry in the middle century.

元代景德镇瓶、罐之类器型，采用分段制胎，然后再用胎泥粘合而成，粘接处器表往往突起，给人以不平之感，外壁接痕经打磨，但内壁接痕仍清晰可见，器物颈部内侧略加切削，内壁均不修削，所以在器里的底、腹、口等处胎体接痕表现明显。一般器物的足边不规整，有弯曲现象，说明元代制胎时不讲究修坯，因此显得成型工艺较粗糙。但小型器物也有精致者，胎质显得洁白细腻。削足处理方法常见底足足端外墙斜削一刀，大器足底宽厚多为挖足，挖足有深有浅。器物圈足不十分整齐，呈弯曲状。器底可见螺旋状的切削痕，大瓶、大罐的底部旋削纹较粗、较疏，盘和碗的切削痕较细、较密。底部和圈足内外粘有窑砂，有些已熔入釉中。高足杯的高足与杯身以泥浆拼接，交接处可以看见黄色或浆色挤压泥浆，杯把足端的圈足厚薄不一。子扣套合结构的盖，采用子扣与器盖先成型后粘接工艺，盖上能清晰地看见接痕。碗的底部胎体较厚重，足内露胎，中心微微突起，俗称"脐"状，实为拉坯痕迹。瓶、罐等大型器物底部中心处常见一内凹的圆点，在烧制大器时，为防止塌底，需在底部中心或稍偏处放一个用耐火土做成的圆饼或圆圈作支点，圆点就是由此形成的。

Jingdezhen bottles, cans and other types of instruments in the Yuan Dynasty, used segmented tire, and then used to bond together into a tire mud, adhesive surface is often raised, give people a sense of uneven, external wall joint marks polished, but the inner wall marks are still clearly visible, the inside of the neck of the device, the inner wall is not improved, so in the bottom, abdomen, mouth and other parts of the body of the tire joint marked. Generally, the foot of the equipment is not regular, there is bending phenomenon, indicating that the birth of the tire do not pay attention to repair, so it appears that the molding process is rough. But the small also has the delicate person, the embryo quality appears white delicate. Peel foot treatment method is often full end of the external wall slanting a knife, large plantar magnanimous to dig feet, dig deep and shallow. Looped feet are not very neat and curved.There are helical cutting marks on the bottom of the machine. The bottom of the large bottle and can is rough and sparse. The cutting marks of the plate and bowl are small and dense. At the bottom and inside and outside of the lap foot there is kiln sand, some have melted into glaze. High-foot cup and cup body with mud splicing, joint can see yellow or slurry color squeeze mud, cup ends thick and thin. Subbuckle cover with structure, using subbuckle and device cover first formed after adhesive technology, cover can clearly see joint marks. The bottom of the bowl of the fetal body is thicker, the foot exposed fetal, the center is slightly raised, commonly known as the "umbilical" shape, is the drawing billet trace. Bottles, cans and other large equipment often in the bottom of the center of the center of a concave, in the burning of the big, in order to prevent caving in the bottom of the center or slightly away from the need to put a tortilla made of fireproof earth or circle as fulcrum, the round point is formed.

青料

Green material

进口钴料，即苏麻离青，元代进口钴料的成分是低锰、高铁，含硫和砷，无铜和镍，和唐宋青花、明青花的青料成分都有区别，所绘青花纹饰呈色浓艳深沉，并带有紫褐色或黑褐色较光润的斑点，有的黑褐色斑点显现出"锡光"。"锡光"是在黑褐色斑点中出现的一种自然光泽，并有凹凸感，是由于青花原料在高温烧制过程中与釉熔化时依窑内气氛而起的变化。现代仿制的元青花中也有"锡光"出现，但观察仿品的"锡光"仿佛是一块银灰色片贴敷于蓝黑色斑点之上，有的斑点较密集，给人僵硬之感。

Import cobalt materials, namely, su Mai liqing, the yuan dynasty imports cobalt materials of low manganese, high-speed rail, containing sulphur and arsenic, copper and nickel, and the tang song and song Qinghua, Ming Qinghua green ingredients are different, the painted blue flower decoration is rich in color deep, with purple brown or black brown, some black brown spots appear "tin light". "Xiguang" is a natural sheen that appears in dark brown spots and has a concave feel, resulting from changes in the temperature of the green flower raw materials during high temperature heating and melting with the glaze in the kiln atmosphere. There is also "tin light" in the modern imitation of Yuanqing flowers, but the observation of the imitation "tin light" seems to be a silver gray patch on the blue and black spots, some more dense spots, giving a sense of stiffness.

另外，苏麻离青呈色有如下特征:

1、呈鲜丽的靛青色，略含程度不同的紫色，有些呈非常幽雅的紫罗兰色。

2、有浓淡色阶，勾勒线条较深，填色青料较浅。青料积聚处有蓝黑色或蓝褐色斑点，釉面下凹并哑光。

3、青料都较细匀，线条边缘稍有晕化。有些呈色浓重，有放射状流散，见蓝黑色结晶或结晶线，应为青料颗粒较粗所致。明初永乐、宣德青花上也有类似现象。

In addition, the characteristics of the black color of Sesame are as follows:

1. A bright Indigo, with slightly different degrees of purple, some very elegant violet.

2, have thick and light color order, outline line is deeper, fill the green material is shallow. Green aggregate has blue black or blue-brown spots, glaze concave and dumb.

3, green material is more fine even, the edge of the line slightly Halo. Some show color thick, have radiative drift, see blue black crystallizing or crystallizing line, should be green material particle coarser cause. Early Ming Yongle, Xuande Qinghua similar phenomenon.

藏品价值

Collection value

该元青花采用模印贴花的复杂工艺，造型厚重典雅，气势宏大;装饰技法多样，纹样繁缛精美，色彩蓝艳含蓄，彩装饰和胎装饰技法得到完美的结合，青花和釉里红集于一器，白地蓝花与蓝地白花相映成趣，在珍贵的元代青花瓷中也极为少见，当为国之瑰宝。

The flowers of Yuanqing adopt the complex technology of imprinted flowers, with heavy and elegant shape and grand momentum; Decoration techniques are diverse, pattern is not fine, color blue color, color decoration and fetid decoration techniques to get the perfect combination of green flower and glaze red in one piece, white blue flower and blue flower, in the precious Yuan Dynasty blue porcelain is extremely rare, when the treasure for the country.

青花的呈色剂是氧化钴，呈色稳定;釉里红的呈色剂是氧化铜，极易挥发，因此对窑室的烧成气温要求十分严格。由于青花和釉里红是性质不同、烧成条件不同的两种釉下彩，要使青花和釉里红都呈色鲜艳，烧制工艺难度很大。元代瓷器是中国陶瓷发展当中的重大转折点，在陶瓷装饰历史上有着划时代的意义。但因元代青花瓷器烧制时间短等原因使其存世量较少，元代青花釉里红作品更是少，存世也就更为罕见。

The colorant of the green flower is cobalt oxide with stable color. The glazed red colorant is copper oxide, which is highly volatile, so the temperature requirements for the kiln firing very strict. Because the green flower and glaze red are different in nature, the firing conditions of two glaze color, so that the green flower and glaze red are bright, burning process is very difficult. Yuan Dynasty porcelain is a major turning point in the development of ceramics in China. However, due to the short time of the Yuan Dynasty Qing Hua porcelain, and other reasons so that the amount of its storage is less, Yuan Dynasty Qing Hua glaze red works are less, it is even more rare.

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