题记：病毒疗法仿佛是以毒攻毒，利用魔鬼制服魔鬼，在医学临床方面可以大显身手。癌症的成因复杂，对其的治疗也不可能单一，使用多种武器攻克癌细胞，一直是人类努力的方向。期待随着科学与技术的进步，人类能早日战胜癌症，使生命更健康、更美好………..

Using Viruses To Turbocharge the Immune System Against Cancer

利用病毒增强免疫系统对抗癌症的能力

The illustration shows a cancer cell (center) surrounded by immune T-cells augmented with an oncolytic (cancer-fighting) virus. A new study describes how a combination of immunotherapy and virotherapy, using myxoma virus, provides new hope for patients with treatment-resistant cancers. Credit: Graphic by Jason Drees
插图显示了一个癌细胞（中心），周围是免疫 T 细胞，加上一种溶瘤（抗癌）病毒。一项新的研究描述了免疫疗法和病毒疗法的结合如何使用粘液瘤病毒为耐药癌症患者提供新的希望。图片来源：杰森•德雷斯
A combination of two therapies shows promise for treatment-resistant cancers.
两种疗法的组合显示出治疗抗性癌症的希望。
The immune system has evolved to safeguard the body from an incredibly diverse range of potential threats. Among these are bacterial diseases, including plague, diphtheria, cholera, and Lyme disease, and viral contagions such as influenza, Ebola virus, and SARS CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).
免疫系统已经进化到可以保护身体免受各种各样的潜在威胁。 其中包括细菌性疾病，包括鼠疫、白喉、霍乱和莱姆病，以及病毒传染，例如流感、埃博拉病毒和 SARS CoV-2（导致 COVID-19 的病毒）。
Despite the remarkable power of the immune system’s complex defense network, there is one type of threat that is especially challenging to combat. This arises when the body’s own native cells turn rogue, leading to the phenomenon of cancer. Even though the immune system frequently engages to try to rid the body of malignant cells, its efforts are often thwarted, leaving the disease to progress unchecked.
尽管免疫系统复杂的防御网络具有非凡的力量，但仍有一种威胁尤其具有挑战性。当身体自身的天然细胞变得异常时，就会出现这种情况，从而导致癌症现象。 尽管免疫系统经常试图清除体内的恶性细胞，但它的努力经常受到挫败，使疾病不受控制地发展。
In new research published on August 25, 2022, in the journal Cancer Cell, corresponding authors Grant McFadden, Masmudur Rahman, and their colleagues propose a new line of attack that shows promise for treatment-resistant cancers.
在 2022 年 8 月 25 日发表在《癌细胞》杂志上的一项新研究中，通讯作者格兰特•麦克法登、马斯穆杜尔•拉赫曼和他们的同事提出了一种新的攻击途径，该攻击途径显示出对治疗抗性癌症的希望。
The strategy involves a combination of two methods that have each shown considerable success against some cancers on their own. The study explains how oncolytic virotherapy, a technique using cancer-fighting viruses, can act in concert with existing immunotherapy techniques to boost the immune capacity to effectively target and destroy cancer cells.
该策略涉及两种方法的组合，每种方法都在各自对抗某些癌症方面取得了相当大的成功。 该研究解释了溶瘤病毒疗法（一种使用抗癌病毒的技术）如何与现有的免疫疗法技术协同作用，以提高有效靶向和破坏癌细胞的免疫能力。

Grant McFadden directs the Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy. He is also a center director and professor at the School of Life Sciences. Credit: The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University
Grant McFadden 领导免疫疗法、疫苗和病毒疗法的生物设计中心。 他也是生命科学学院的中心主任和教授。 图片来源：亚利桑那州立大学生物设计研究所
Oncolytic viruses represent an exciting new avenue of cancer therapy. Such therapeutic viruses have the remarkable ability to hunt and terminate cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed. They also enhance the immune system’s ability to recognize and terminate cancer cells.
溶瘤病毒代表了令人兴奋的癌症治疗新途径。 这种治疗性病毒具有捕获和终止癌细胞的非凡能力，同时使健康细胞不受伤害。 它们还增强了免疫系统识别和终止癌细胞的能力。
One such virus, known as myxoma, is the focus of the current study and an area of expertise for the research team. The study reveals that the use of T-cells infected with myxoma virus can induce a form of cancer cell death not previously observed.
一种被称为粘液瘤的病毒是当前研究的重点，也是研究团队的专业领域。 该研究表明，使用感染粘液瘤病毒的 T 细胞可以诱导一种以前未观察到的癌细胞死亡形式。
Known as autosis, this form of cell destruction may be especially useful against solid tumors that have proven treatment-resistant to various forms of cancer therapy, including immunotherapy alone.
这种被称为自体症的细胞破坏形式可能特别适用于对抗实体瘤，这些实体瘤已被证明对各种形式的癌症治疗（包括单独的免疫治疗）具有治疗抗性。
“This work affirms the enormous potential of combining virotherapy with cell therapy to treat currently intractable cancers,” McFadden says.
McFadden directs the Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy at Arizona State University.
“这项工作肯定了将病毒疗法与细胞疗法相结合来治疗目前难治性癌症的巨大潜力，”麦克法登说。
McFadden 是亚利桑那州立大学免疫疗法、疫苗和病毒疗法生物设计中心的负责人。
Internal sentries
The human immune system is composed of a range of specialized cells designed to patrol the body and respond to threats. It is involved in an endless arms race against pathogens, which evolve sophisticated techniques to attempt to outwit immune defenses, propagate in the body, and cause disease. Cancer presents a unique challenge to the immune system as tumor cells often lack the identifying cell features that enable the immune system to attack them by distinguishing self from non-self.
内部哨兵
人体免疫系统由一系列专门用于巡逻身体和应对威胁的细胞组成。它参与了一场针对病原体的无休止的军备竞赛，病原体进化出复杂的技术以试图战胜免疫防御、在体内传播并引起疾病。 癌症对免疫系统提出了独特的挑战，因为肿瘤细胞通常缺乏使免疫系统能够通过区分自我和非自我来攻击它们的识别细胞特征。