加载中…为什么应该参观南美的高原
(2022-07-29 09:54:06)
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digest南美高原 |
分类： 翻译 |
Why you should visit
South America's Altiplano
为什么应该参观南美的高原
Part desert, part grassland, the high Altiplano of South America has the air of the Wild West. Still home to its native people, it is a place where llamas graze and flamingos wade across isolated salt lakes.
部分沙漠，部分草原，南美洲的高海拔高原有狂野西部的空气。这里仍然是当地人的家园，这里有吃草的美洲驼，还有漫步于孤立盐湖中的火烈鸟。
Always chilly yet blessed with perpetual blue skies, arid yet home to massive lakes, the cradle of several ancient civilisations but relatively under-populated today, the Altiplano of South America is one of the globe’s geographical conundrums.
南美洲的高原总是寒冷，却拥有永恒的蓝天，干旱却拥有巨大的湖泊，是几个古老文明的摇篮，但今天人口相对较少，南美洲的高原是全球地理谜题之一。
The high-altitude plateau extends for more than 1,000km (600 miles), spanning most of the terrain between Cusco in Peru and Jujuy in northern Argentina. Much of Bolivia sits on the Altiplano, as does a thin sliver of northeastern Chile.
高海拔高原绵延 1,000 多公里（600 英里），横跨秘鲁库斯科和阿根廷北部胡胡伊之间的大部分地区。 玻利维亚的大部分地区都坐落在高原上，智利东北部的一小片狭长地带也是如此。
为什么应该参观南美的高原
Part desert, part grassland, the high Altiplano of South America has the air of the Wild West. Still home to its native people, it is a place where llamas graze and flamingos wade across isolated salt lakes.
部分沙漠，部分草原，南美洲的高海拔高原有狂野西部的空气。这里仍然是当地人的家园，这里有吃草的美洲驼，还有漫步于孤立盐湖中的火烈鸟。
Always chilly yet blessed with perpetual blue skies, arid yet home to massive lakes, the cradle of several ancient civilisations but relatively under-populated today, the Altiplano of South America is one of the globe’s geographical conundrums.
南美洲的高原总是寒冷，却拥有永恒的蓝天，干旱却拥有巨大的湖泊，是几个古老文明的摇篮，但今天人口相对较少，南美洲的高原是全球地理谜题之一。
The high-altitude plateau extends for more than 1,000km (600 miles), spanning most of the terrain between Cusco in Peru and Jujuy in northern Argentina. Much of Bolivia sits on the Altiplano, as does a thin sliver of northeastern Chile.
高海拔高原绵延 1,000 多公里（600 英里），横跨秘鲁库斯科和阿根廷北部胡胡伊之间的大部分地区。 玻利维亚的大部分地区都坐落在高原上，智利东北部的一小片狭长地带也是如此。
The name means "high
plains" in Spanish, a reference to the fact that the plateau lies
at an average height of 3,650m (12,000ft) above sea
level.
这个名字在西班牙语中的意思是“高原”，指的是高原位于海平面以上 3,650m（12,000 英尺）的平均高度。
Higher still are the surrounding mountains—two branches of the Andes and solitary snow-capped volcanoes that are among the highest peaks in South America—that demarcate the Altiplano to the east and west.
更高的是周围的山脉，安第斯山脉的两个分支和位于南美洲最高峰中孤立的白雪皑皑的火山；它们将高原划分为东部和西部。
Seismic variations 地震变化
这个名字在西班牙语中的意思是“高原”，指的是高原位于海平面以上 3,650m（12,000 英尺）的平均高度。
Higher still are the surrounding mountains—two branches of the Andes and solitary snow-capped volcanoes that are among the highest peaks in South America—that demarcate the Altiplano to the east and west.
更高的是周围的山脉，安第斯山脉的两个分支和位于南美洲最高峰中孤立的白雪皑皑的火山；它们将高原划分为东部和西部。
Seismic variations 地震变化
Scientists have long
disagreed about what process formed these high plains. The plateau
is undoubtedly associated with the tectonic uplift of the Andes,
caused by a collision between the Pacific and South American
plates, but is it the remains of a once-great inland sea or merely
the result of millions of years of Andes erosion?
长期以来，科学家们一直对这些高平原的形成过程有异议。 高原无疑与太平洋板块和南美板块碰撞造成的安第斯山脉的构造隆起有关，但它曾经是大内海的遗迹呢，还是仅仅是安第斯山脉数百万年侵蚀的结果？
One of the Altiplano’s defining features is the absence of an outlet to the ocean, despite its being a drainage basin for water coming off the mountains. What rivers do exist here empty into Lake Titicaca on the Bolivia–Peru border and other lakes on the plateau.
高原（Altiplano） 的显着特征之一是没有通向海洋的出口，尽管它是从山上流出的水流域。 这里确实存在的河流流入玻利维亚---秘鲁边境的的喀喀湖和高原上的其他湖泊。
Titicaca is a geographical superlative in its own right, being the world’s highest commercially navigable lake. It is also home to ancient people, some of whom still dwell on reed islands, attracting tourists by the boatload.
Titicaca湖本身就是一个地理上的最高级湖泊，是世界上最高的商业通航湖泊。 它也是古代人的家园，其中一些人仍然居住在芦苇岛上，吸引着乘船游览的游客。
Much of the Altiplano is high-altitude desert. In places that receive more moisture, grass, shrubs and cactus predominate. Wildlife is diverse, ranging from vicuna, a cousin of the domesticated llama and alpaca, to neon-pink flamingos, which breed along the shores of the salt lakes. There are also chinchilla, culpeo fox and the rabbit-like vizcacha.
高原的大部分地区是高海拔沙漠。 在水分较多的地方，草、灌木和仙人掌占主导地位。 野生动物种类繁多，从驯养的骆驼和羊驼的表亲骆马，到在盐湖沿岸繁殖的霓虹粉色火烈鸟。 还有栗鼠、狐狸和类似兔子的齿类动物。
Ancient peoples and new arrivals 古老的民族和新移民
长期以来，科学家们一直对这些高平原的形成过程有异议。 高原无疑与太平洋板块和南美板块碰撞造成的安第斯山脉的构造隆起有关，但它曾经是大内海的遗迹呢，还是仅仅是安第斯山脉数百万年侵蚀的结果？
One of the Altiplano’s defining features is the absence of an outlet to the ocean, despite its being a drainage basin for water coming off the mountains. What rivers do exist here empty into Lake Titicaca on the Bolivia–Peru border and other lakes on the plateau.
高原（Altiplano） 的显着特征之一是没有通向海洋的出口，尽管它是从山上流出的水流域。 这里确实存在的河流流入玻利维亚---秘鲁边境的的喀喀湖和高原上的其他湖泊。
Titicaca is a geographical superlative in its own right, being the world’s highest commercially navigable lake. It is also home to ancient people, some of whom still dwell on reed islands, attracting tourists by the boatload.
Titicaca湖本身就是一个地理上的最高级湖泊，是世界上最高的商业通航湖泊。 它也是古代人的家园，其中一些人仍然居住在芦苇岛上，吸引着乘船游览的游客。
Much of the Altiplano is high-altitude desert. In places that receive more moisture, grass, shrubs and cactus predominate. Wildlife is diverse, ranging from vicuna, a cousin of the domesticated llama and alpaca, to neon-pink flamingos, which breed along the shores of the salt lakes. There are also chinchilla, culpeo fox and the rabbit-like vizcacha.
高原的大部分地区是高海拔沙漠。 在水分较多的地方，草、灌木和仙人掌占主导地位。 野生动物种类繁多，从驯养的骆驼和羊驼的表亲骆马，到在盐湖沿岸繁殖的霓虹粉色火烈鸟。 还有栗鼠、狐狸和类似兔子的齿类动物。
Ancient peoples and new arrivals 古老的民族和新移民
Humans have occupied
the Altiplano for at least 3,000 years. The Tiwanaku culture
emerged around AD 100 on the shores of Lake Titicaca and developed
into the area’s most advanced civilisation. They built monumental
temples and pyramids, made copper tools, cultivated a variety of
crops and lived in mud-brick houses linked by paved
streets.
人类已经占领了高原至少 3000 年。 蒂瓦纳库文化于公元 100 年左右出现在Titicaca湖沿岸，并发展成为该地区最先进的文明。 他们建造巨大的寺庙和金字塔，制造铜器，种植各种农作物，住在与铺砌的街道相连的泥砖房中。
By the 12th century, the Tiwanaku had faded, perhaps the victims of a prolonged drought. The vacuum was filled by the Inca, who would dominate the Altiplano until the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the early 16th century. Silver from a single mountain at Potosi bank-rolled the Spanish empire for centuries. Since the 20th century tin, zinc and lead have been mined by multinational companies.
到了 12 世纪，蒂瓦纳库已经褪色，可能是长期干旱的受害者。而空缺被印加人填补，他们将统治高原，直到 16 世纪初西班牙征服者的到来。 来自波托西一座山的白银为西班牙帝国提供了数百年的历史。 20世纪以来，跨国公司开始开采锡、锌和铅。
土著居民仍居住在玻利维亚和秘鲁高平原的农村地区，在那里，盖丘亚语和艾马拉语以及 30 多种其他母语比西班牙语更常见。 玻利维亚首都拉巴斯是高原最大的城市，其次是玻利维亚的科恰班巴和阿根廷的胡胡伊。 然而，Titicaca西岸的普诺是高原上最令人回味的城市。 艾马拉文明的发祥地，在现代，它的手工艺和文化为其赢得了秘鲁民间传说之都的称号。
人类已经占领了高原至少 3000 年。 蒂瓦纳库文化于公元 100 年左右出现在Titicaca湖沿岸，并发展成为该地区最先进的文明。 他们建造巨大的寺庙和金字塔，制造铜器，种植各种农作物，住在与铺砌的街道相连的泥砖房中。
By the 12th century, the Tiwanaku had faded, perhaps the victims of a prolonged drought. The vacuum was filled by the Inca, who would dominate the Altiplano until the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the early 16th century. Silver from a single mountain at Potosi bank-rolled the Spanish empire for centuries. Since the 20th century tin, zinc and lead have been mined by multinational companies.
到了 12 世纪，蒂瓦纳库已经褪色，可能是长期干旱的受害者。而空缺被印加人填补，他们将统治高原，直到 16 世纪初西班牙征服者的到来。 来自波托西一座山的白银为西班牙帝国提供了数百年的历史。 20世纪以来，跨国公司开始开采锡、锌和铅。
土著居民仍居住在玻利维亚和秘鲁高平原的农村地区，在那里，盖丘亚语和艾马拉语以及 30 多种其他母语比西班牙语更常见。 玻利维亚首都拉巴斯是高原最大的城市，其次是玻利维亚的科恰班巴和阿根廷的胡胡伊。 然而，Titicaca西岸的普诺是高原上最令人回味的城市。 艾马拉文明的发祥地，在现代，它的手工艺和文化为其赢得了秘鲁民间传说之都的称号。
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