题记：人体内的细菌对于人类的健康至关重要，不仅如此，根据对小鼠粪便移植的研究，有朝一日它们还能逆袭人类的衰老。从某种程度上讲，掌握人类健康命运的不是人类自身，而是那些微乎其微的细菌。有些不可思议，但却是真实的存在。这个世界万物互联，在科技越来越先进、越来越发达的今天，这些不同物种的相互关系也将变得越来越清晰…………

Fecal Transplants Reverse Hallmarks of Aging in the Gut, Eyes, and Brain

粪便移植可逆转肠道、眼睛和大脑的衰老特征

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In an experiment on mice, transplanting fecal microbiota from young into old reversed hallmarks of aging in the gut, eyes, and brain.

In the quest for eternal youth, poo transplants may seem like an unlikely way to reverse the aging process.

在一项针对老鼠的实验中，将年轻老鼠的粪便微生物群移植到老年老鼠体内，可以逆转肠道、眼睛和大脑中衰老的特征。

在追求永葆青春的过程中，大便移植似乎不太可能逆转衰老过程。

However, scientists at the Quadram Institute and the University of East Anglia have provided evidence, from research in mice, that transplanting fecal microbiota from young into old mice can reverse the hallmarks of aging in the gut, eyes, and brain.

然而，Quadram 研究所和东安格利亚大学的科学家从小鼠研究中提供的证据表明，将年轻小鼠的粪便微生物群移植到老年小鼠体内可以逆转肠道、眼睛和大脑的衰老特征。

In the reverse experiment, microbes from aged mice induced inflammation in the brain of young recipients and depleted a key protein required for normal vision.

在反向实验中，来自老年小鼠的微生物会在年轻受者的大脑中引发炎症，并耗尽正常视力所需的一种关键蛋白质。

These findings show that gut microbes play a role in regulating some of the detrimental effects of aging and open up the possibility of gut microbe-based therapies to combat the decline in later life.

这些发现表明，肠道微生物在调节衰老的一些有害影响方面发挥着作用，并开辟了基于肠道微生物的疗法来对抗晚年衰退的可能性。

Prof Simon Carding, from UEA’s Norwich Medical School and head of the Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme at the Quadram Institute, said: “This ground-breaking study provides tantalizing evidence for the direct involvement of gut microbes in aging and the functional decline of brain function and vision and offers a potential solution in the form of gut microbe replacement therapy.”

来自 UEA 诺里奇医学院和Quadram 研究所肠道微生物与健康研究项目负责人 Simon Carding 教授说：“这项开创性的研究为肠道微生物直接参与衰老和大脑功能和视力的功能下降提供了诱人的证据，并以肠道微生物替代疗法的形式提供了一种潜在的解决方案。”

It has been known for some time that the population of microbes that we carry around in our gut, collectively called the gut microbiota, is linked to health. Most diseases are associated with changes in the types and behavior of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes in an individual’s gut.

一段时间以来，众所周知，我们在肠道中携带的微生物群（统称为肠道微生物群）与健康有关。大多数疾病与个体肠道中细菌、病毒、真菌和其他微生物的类型和行为的变化有关。

Some of these changes in microbiota composition happen as we age, adversely affecting metabolism and immunity, and this has been associated with age-related disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases, along with cardiovascular, autoimmune, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders.

随着年龄的增长，微生物群组成的一些变化会发生，对新陈代谢和免疫产生不利影响，这与年龄相关的疾病有关，包括炎症性肠病，以及心血管、自身免疫、代谢和神经退行性疾病。

To better understand the effects of these changes in the microbiota in old age, scientists from the Quadram Institute transferred the gut microbes from aged mice into healthy young mice, and vice versa. They then looked at how this affected inflammatory hallmarks of aging in the gut, brain and eye, which suffer from declining function in later life.

为了更好地了解这些变化对老年微生物群的影响，Quadram 研究所的科学家将老年小鼠的肠道微生物转移到健康的年轻小鼠体内，反之亦然。然后，他们研究了这如何影响肠道、大脑和眼睛衰老的炎症特征，这些特征在以后的生活中会出现功能下降。

The study, published in the journal MICROBIOME, found that the microbiota from old donors led to loss of integrity of the lining of the gut, allowing bacterial products to cross into the circulation, which results in triggering the immune system and inflammation in the brain and eyes.
这项发表在《微生物组》杂志上的研究发现，来自年老捐赠者的微生物群导致肠道内壁的完整性丧失，允许细菌产物进入循环，从而引发免疫系统和大脑以及眼睛的炎症。
Age-related chronic inflammation, known as inflammaging, has been associated with the activation of specific immune cells found in brain. These cells were also over-activated in the young mice who received aged microbiome transplants.
与年龄相关的慢性炎症，称为炎症，与大脑中发现的特定免疫细胞激活有关。 这些细胞在接受老化微生物组移植的年轻小鼠中也被过度激活。
In the eye, the team also found specific proteins associated with retinal degeneration were elevated in the young mice receiving microbiota from old donors.
In old mice, these detrimental changes in the gut, eye and brain could be reversed by transplanting the gut microbiota from young mice.
在眼睛中，研究小组还发现，在接受老年供体微生物群的年轻小鼠中，与视网膜变性相关的特定蛋白质升高。
在老年小鼠中，通过移植年轻小鼠的肠道微生物群，可以逆转肠道、眼睛和大脑的这些有害变化。
In ongoing studies, the team is now working to understand how long these positive effects can last, and to identify the beneficial components of the young donor microbiota and how they impact on organs distant from the gut.
在正在进行的研究中，该团队正在努力了解这些积极影响可以持续多长时间，并确定年轻供体微生物群的有益成分以及它们如何影响远离肠道的器官。
The microbiota of young mice, and the old mice who received young microbiota transplants were enriched in beneficial bacteria that have previously been associated with good health in both mice and humans.年轻小鼠的微生物群和接受年轻微生物群移植的老年小鼠富含有益细菌，这些有益细菌以前与小鼠和人类的健康均有关系。
The researchers have also analyzed the products which these bacteria produce by breaking down elements of our diet. This has uncovered significant shifts in particular lipids (fats) and vitamin metabolism, which may be linked to the changes seen in inflammatory cells in the eye and brain.
研究人员还分析了这些细菌通过分解我们饮食中的元素产生的产品。 这揭示了特定脂质（脂肪）和维生素代谢的显着变化，这可能与眼睛和大脑中炎症细胞的变化有关。
Similar pathways exist in humans, and the human gut microbiota also changes significantly in later life, but the researchers caution about extrapolating their results directly to humans until similar studies in elderly humans can be performed.
类似的途径也存在于人类身上，人类的肠道微生物群在以后的生活中也会发生了显著变化，但研究人员警告说，在对老年人进行类似的研究之前，不要将他们的结果直接推断到人类身上。
A new facility for Microbiota Replacement Therapy (MRT), also known as Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is being built in the Quadram Institute that will facilitate such trials, as well as other trials for microbiota-related conditions.
Quadram 研究所正在建造一个用于微生物群替代疗法 (MRT) 的新设施，也称为粪便微生物群移植 (FMT)，这将促进此类试验以及微生物群相关疾病的其他试验。
Lead author of the study, Dr. Aimee Parker from the Quadram Institute said: “We were excited to find that by changing the gut microbiota of elderly individuals, we could rescue indicators of age-associated decline commonly seen in degenerative conditions of the eye and brain.
这项研究的主要作者，来自夸德拉姆研究所的艾米•帕克博士说：“我们很兴奋地发现，通过改变老年人的肠道微生物群，我们可以挽救眼睛和大脑退行性疾病中常见的与年龄相关的衰退指标。”
“Our results provide more evidence of the important links between microbes in the gut and healthy aging of tissues and organs around the body. We hope that our findings will contribute ultimately to understanding how we can manipulate our diet and our gut bacteria to maximize good health in later life.”
“我们的研究结果为肠道微生物与身体周围组织和器官的健康老化之间的重要联系提供了更多证据。 我们希望我们的研究结果最终有助于了解我们如何操纵我们的饮食和肠道细菌，从而在以后的生活中最大限度地保持健康。”
The research was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, part of UK Research and Innovation.
‘Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain’ is published in the journal Microbiome.
该研究由英国研究与创新部的生物技术和生物科学研究委员会资助。
“年轻和老年小鼠之间的粪便微生物群转移逆转了老化的肠道、眼睛和大脑的标志”，发表在《微生物》杂志上。