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To作介词与作动词不定式的区别
虽然介词to与动词不定式符号to在形式上相同,但用法不同。为了使同学们更好地掌握介词to与动词不定式符号to的用法,现将其主要区别归纳如下:
一、 介词to
首先,介词to是有意义的,经常表示“向”、“往”、“直到……为止”、“给”、“对于”、“按”、“比”,既可以指时间、方向、距离、对象或结果,又可以指程度、直接或间接关系,后面必须接名词、代词或数词,构成介词短语,它的短语不能在句子中作相当名词的成分。第二,它们的形式不同,介词是在名词或动词之后。第三,在所作的成分上,介词题通常作表语、宾语补足语、状语或后置定语。例如:
1. As far as I know, Mrs Lee has been to New
York.据我所知,李女士到过纽约。(作表语)
2. The shed is to the side of the house .小棚屋在房子的一边。(作表语)
3. It's no good leaving things to the last moment.
把事情留到最后时刻来做是没有好处的。(作宾语补足语)
4. Let's drink to her birthday. 让我们为她的生日干杯。(作目的状语) 5. He was
taken to hospital for treatment他被送到医院治疗。(作地点状语) 6. Land to the east
of the Urals is called Asia.乌拉尔山以东的陆地称为亚洲。(作后置定语)
二、 动词不定式to
首先,动词不定式符号to无词义。第二,它的形式是后面必须接动词原形,构成不定式短语,第三,在所作的成分上不定式to
do通常作主语、表语、状语、宾语、宾语补足语或后置定语。例如:
1. To see is to believe.眼见为实。(to see作主语)
2. My aim is to speak English fluently.我的目标是讲好英语。 (作表语) 3. It is
never too late to learn.学习从来不迟。(作结果状语)
4. She went home to look after her little sister. 她回家为了照顾她的小妹妹。
(作目的状语)
5. I decided to go home. 我希望回家。(作宾语)
6. I asked him to clean the classroom. 我叫他打扫教室。 (作宾语补足语) 7. He
has many things to do.他有好多事要做。(作后置定语)
三、to常作介词的一些短语
pay attention to, stick to, lead to, be used to,
devote...to, get down to, belong to,
come to, look forward to, refer to, turn to, drink to, object
to,
to doing 的用法很少 我这边归纳了一份
一、动词 介词to 动名词
1. admit to doing sth 承认做了某事
2. apply to doing sth 适用于做某事
3. object to doing sth 反对做某事
4. see to doing sth 负责做某事
5. stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
6. take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事,逐渐习惯做某事
应用实例:
He admitted having stolen the money. 他承认偷了钱.
These methods apply to learning English. 这些方法适用于英语学习.
He objected to being treated like a child. 他反对被当作小孩子看待.
Reporters should stick to investigating the facts. 记者应坚持调查事实.
Soon he took to sleeping late. 不久他就养成了睡懒觉的习惯.
二、动词 宾语 介词to 动名词
7. apply oneself to doing sth 专心致力于做某事
8. devote sth to doing sth 把……献给做某事
9. devote oneself to doing sth 献身于做某事
10. limit sth to doing sth 把…限制在做某事的范围内
11. reduce sb to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事
12. give one’s life to doing sth 献身于做某事
13. give one’s mind to doing sth 专心做某事
14. have a dislike to doing sth 厌恶做某事
15. have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事
16. have an objection to doing sth 反对(反感)做某事
17. pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
18. set one’s mind to doing sth 决心做某事
19.make a contribution to doing sth 为某事作出贡献
应用实例:
She applied herself to learning English. 她专心学习英语.
Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饥饿使他们沦落为盗贼.
She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于帮助穷人.
I have a strong dislike to playing cards for money. 我极讨厌打牌赌博.
He has a strong objection to getting up so early.他很反感这么早就起床.
You should pay more attention to uniting and working with those who differ with you. 你应该更注意团结那些自己意见不同的人一道工作.
三、be 形容词(含过去分词) 介词to 动名词
20. be equal to doing sth 等于做某事,能胜任做某事
21. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
22. be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事
23. be reduced to doing sth使某人沦为做某事
24. be devoted to doing sth 把时间(钱,精力等)献给做某事
25. be limited to doing sth把……限制在做某事的范围内
应用实例:
This is equal to saying that he’s a cheat. 这就等于说他是个骗子.
She is used to living in the country. 她习惯于住在乡下.
I’m opposed to telling him the news at once. 我反对马上告诉他这消息.
This dictionary is devoted to explaining word usage. 这本词典是解释词的用法的.
四、其他结构 介词to 动名词
26. get down to doing sth开始做某事,认真处理某事
27. look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
28. What do you say to doing sth? 你认为做某事如何?
应用实例:
We are looking forward to receiving his letter. 我们盼望收到他的回信.
It’s time we got down to some serious work. 我们该认真干点正事了.
What do you say to having a glass of beer? 喝杯啤酒如何?
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