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【第六篇】 Unit 2 英译汉

(2014-06-22 09:36:56)
分类: 英汉翻译简明教程

1.The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark, and the labourer lived not in the sun, but in poverty and darkness. What aids(一个笼统的字眼,可以指人或东西,这里解释为“某种机械”,就是把它具体化了) there were to lighten labour were immemorial, like the mill, which was already ancient in Chaucer’s time. The industrial Revolution began with such machines; the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age. James Brindley of Staffordashire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village.
在乡村,人们日出而作,日落而息。劳动者的生活缺乏阳光,有的只是贫穷与黑暗。用来减轻劳动者负担的机械年代久远,比如磨坊,在乔叟那个年代便已具有悠久历史了。工业革命以这些机械开始。工匠们充当了工程师的角色,开创了崭新的时代。1733年,来自斯塔福德郡的詹姆斯·布林德利靠改良磨坊的水车轮,开始自我奋斗的生涯。时年17岁的布林德利家境贫寒,出身乡野。
参考:
在农村,人们从早到晚都得干活,劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下,而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中。那些帮助减轻劳动的机械都不知从哪个年代起就有了。比如磨坊,在乔叟的时代就已经是古老的了。而工业革命就是从这些机械开始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。斯塔福德郡的詹姆斯·布林德,出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭;1733年,他17岁,就着手改良磨坊的车轮,从而开始他那自我奋斗的生涯【这句译文结构和原文有很大不同。原文先说他的事业,再说具体做了什么,最后说年龄和出身。译文则大致相反,先说出身,再说那一年做了什么事,最后才说这件事在他一生中的意义。汉语叙事顺序往往和事情发生的顺序大体一致。

2.Brindley’s improvements were practical: to sharpen and step up the performance of the water wheel as a machine. It was the first multi-purpose machine for the new industries. Brindley worked, for example, to improve the grinding of flints, which(指flints) were used in the rising(新兴的)pottery industry.
布林德利对于机械的改良是合乎实际的:改善和提高水车作为一种机器的性能。水车是新兴工业中第一台多功能设备。举例来说,布林德利努力改进火石研磨,这一技术被应用于不断发展的陶器业。
参考:
布林德利所做的(显得不那么呆板,汉语节奏需要)改良是实际的:改良并加强水车的机械功能(as a machine)。这是为新工业提供的第一部多功能机器。例如,布林德利努力改进火石的碾磨过程,火石(which)是新兴陶瓷工业有用的材料。

3.Yet there was a bigger movement in the air by 1750. Water had become the engineers’ element, and men like Brindley were possessed by it. Water was gushing and fanning out all over the countryside. It was not simple a source of power, it was a new wave of movement. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’.
不过到了1750年,一场更大规模的改良运动已在酝酿之中。水成为工匠们青睐的对象,深深影响着像布林德利这样的人。水在乡村喷涌流动。水不仅仅是一种能量来源,更是代表着一场新运动。詹姆斯·布林德利倡导开凿运河,人们当时称之为“导航”。
参考:
然而,到了1750年,一场更大的运动已经在酝酿之中。水成了工程师们大显身手(become the engineers' element)的对象,像布林德利这样的人都对他着了迷(be possessed by).水在乡村到处涌流漫溢。它不仅是一种能源,而且带来了一场新的运动。布林德利是开凿运河(build canals,这样的汉语搭配比较顺)的先驱者,当时人们把开凿运河(重复更清楚)叫做navigation.

4. Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines.① The Duck’s of Bridgewater then got him to build a canal to carry coal from the Duck’s pits at Worley to the rising town of Manchester….② Brindley went on the connect Manchester with Liverpool in an even bolder manner, and in all laid almost four hundreds miles of canals in a network all over England. 
出于兴趣,布林德利在进行磨坊和采矿工程时以个人的名义对所到之处的水道进行勘探。随后,布里奇沃特公爵请他开凿运河,把从公爵在沃利的矿井开采出的煤运送至如曼彻斯特这样的(多此一举)新兴城市。布林德利接着以一种更为大胆的方式将曼彻斯特与利物浦连接在一起,全长约400公里的运河网遍布整个英格兰地区。
① 如何调整句序,使表达更加地道; 如何将状语合理插入;理解重要词组的含义(on one's account, out of interest) 原文时间状语在后,译文将其调整在句首。
参考:布林德利在为他的磨坊和矿井建筑工程到处奔走(go about)的时候,出于自愿和兴趣(状语成分的合理配置),对沿途经过的河道进行了勘察。

② 如何让表述更流畅,用衔接词,如:以便... ; 一些简单短语的准确翻译(get sb to do sth.)
参考:于是布里奇瓦特公爵就让他(get sb to do sth)开一条运河,以便(衔接词)把煤从公爵在乌斯利拥有的(加上表述更准确)矿井运往新兴城市曼彻斯特。

③ 还是表达的问题。
参考:布林德利还更加大胆地(in an even bolder manner)用运河把曼彻斯特同利物浦联结起来,修凿了(laid)总长度为四百英里的遍布全英国的运河网

5. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterizeall the Industrial Revolution. One is that the men who made the revolution were practical men. Like Brindley, they often had little education, and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind. The grammar schools legally could only teach the classical subjects for which they had been founded. The universities also (there were only two, at Oxford and Cambridge) took little interest in modern or scientific studies; and they were closed to those who did not conform to the Church of England.
英国运河网修建的时候,有两件事引人注目,它们正体现了工业革命的与众不同。第一,创造这场革命的人都是务实之人。就像布林德利,他们没有接受过太多的教育,事实上当时的学校教育只会扼杀创造力。中学从法律上来说只能教授那些早已被研究透彻的经典学科。大学(当时只有牛津和剑桥两所)对现代或科学研究毫无兴趣,将那些不守教会规矩的人拒之门外。
参考:在修建英国的运河网的过程中,有两点是非常突出的,而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。首先,发动(made词的准确选择)这场革命的都是实干家。同布林德利意义,他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上,当时那种学校教育也只能窒息人的创造性。按规定(legally)文法学校只能讲授古典学科(classical subjects),这些学校的的办学宗旨本来就是如此(for which they had been founded,不能漏译)。大学(当时只有两所,一所在牛津,一所在剑桥,看准了在译)对现代的或科学的学科也不怎么感兴趣;这两所学校把不信奉(conform to)英国国教的人关在门外。
这段中characterise是个难译的词,因为汉语没有简洁的对应词。它的意思是“显示出...的特点”,所以后半句译成“而这两点也是整个工业革命的特点。”此外,译文重复“这两点”代替they,这样处理是必须的。


6.The other outstanding feature is that the new inventions were for everyday use. The canals were arteries of communication: They were not made to carry pleasures boats, but barges. And the barges were not made to carry luxuries but pots and pans and bales of cloth, boxes of ribbon, and all the common things that people buy by the pennyworth. These things had been manufactured in villages which were growing into towns now, away from London; it was a country-wide trade.
另一个突出特点就是这些新发明都应用于日常生活。运河是交通枢纽:开凿运河用于驳船运输,而非游船观光。驳船也不是为了运送奢侈品,而是坛坛罐罐,成包的布,成箱的绸缎以及那些花一便士就可以买到的普通玩意儿。这些东西在乡村生产,如今已经逐渐发展到伦敦以外的城镇。这就是全国性贸易。
参考:第二个突出的特点是:新发明都是为日常生活服务的。运河是交通的动脉:开运河不是为了走游艇,而是为了通行驳船。而驳船也不是为了运送奢侈品,而是为了运送(平衡)瓦罐铁锅,成包的棉布,成箱的缎带,以及那些只画个把便士能买到的各式日用品。 这些物品都是在远离伦敦渐渐发展成为城镇的农村制造的。这是一场全国范围的贸易。
理解错误就麻烦了。定语从句which were growing into towns now,grow into 发展成为...的意思,这个定语从句译成汉语仍为定语,放在中心词之前。这种短的定语从句通常是这样处理的。

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