Lesson-1

 

 

cat-like  像猫一样的       mother-like

 

childlike (lovely) (褒)     childish (immature) 形容成年人不成熟 (贬)

 

at large  逍遥自在      Eg: The desperate criminal is still at large.

 

escape  逃跑 (从危险中成功逃脱)

 

flee away  跑开 (run away from danger)

 

scatter away  四处逃窜 (in different directions)

 

evade tax  逃税 (逃避应该承担的责任)

 

desert   擅离(职守、工作岗位、现役等)；(士兵)逃亡，从…开小差       desert one's army 

 

out class  逃课

 

spot  n./v.

n. 点，斑点        Eg:  There is a white spot on the shirt.

a beauty spot 美人痣      solar spot  太阳黑子        

spotlight 聚光灯             be in the spotlight   万众瞩目

Eg: Tom Cruse is in the spotlight in American film industry.  (to achieve a lot of attention)

on the spot (非正式用法)  1.立刻，马上 (at once,immediately)   2.at the place of the action  在现场

Eg: Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.  Wherever she is needed,she is quickly on the spot.

 

A leopard will not change its spot.   江山易改，本性难移

 

v. to see or find sth with difficulty  不易察觉

observe  (to see and notice sth) (正式) 观察，观测

discover (to find sth already in existence)

recognize (to figure out sth/sb known already)

detect  (to disclose something hidden or in disguise)  探测

explore  (to examine sth thoroughly in order to test or find out about it)

 

evidence  n. 证据    = proof     Eg: When the police arrived,he had already destroied the evidence.

in evidence  显而易见的       Eg: He was in evidence at the party.  他在晚会上很突出。(adj. evident  adv. evidently)

(witness 证人     judge 法官    jury 陪审团    court of law 法庭)

self-evident a. 不言自明的               《The Declaration of Independence》 独立宣言

 

oblige v. 使...感到必须  (be made to do sth by law or morality)   (often in passive voice)

feel obliged to do sth. 感觉有必要做某事      be obliged to do sth. 被迫做某事

Eg：Men feel obliged to take the responsibility for family.

 

compel  (to make people have a particular feeling or attitude)        9-year's compulsory education

 

drive  (to make someone feel or do sth bad or unpleasant)

drive sb. nuts  使某人发疯    Eg: The terrible music drove me nuts.

 

hunt v. 打猎，狩猎         hunt for/go hunting for  搜寻，寻找        hunt for a job      hunt for a love

job hunter 四处寻找工作的人     head hunter 猎头      bargain hunter  四处买便宜货的人

 

human being(s) 人类(区别于神和动物)

mankind 人类  Eg: in the long history of the mankind

human race  (all people,considered together as a single group)

 

be 存在     Eg:  《Hamlet》 ...when he hesitated to kill his uncle...       to be or not to be  生存还是毁灭

 

being  1) -creature     god being   animal being       2) -existence    coming into being   形成，成立

Eg:  The People's Republic of China came into being in 1949.

 

for the time being  眼下，目前

Eg： For the time being,the cheetahs are hard up. 眼下猎豹的手头有点紧 (Lion king)    hard up 手头紧

 

corner n./v.

n.   at/on the corner  在角落里 (如介词用in表示在空间的内部)

around the corner  即将到来，即将发生 (is coming)    Eg: The New Year is around the corner.

cut corners  走捷径，抄近路

v.被逼到墙角里

Eg:  The puma won't attack a human being unless it is cornered.  A cornered beast will do someting desperate.  狗急跳墙

 

trail 痕迹      a trail of      a trail of mud  一串泥迹       a trail of blood

Eg:  Wherever he went, the playboy left behind him a trail of broken hearts. (the playboy 应出现在主句中)

 

print n. 印痕，痕迹       foot print 足迹    paw print 爪痕    finger print 指纹

 

accumulate v. 积累，积聚    (强调积累的过程)      

Eg:  As the evidence accumulates,experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. 

gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处           collect 收集，采集      assemble 集合，集会； vt. 装配

hoard vt. 大量的贮存  hoard up = store up    Eg: The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.

amass 积聚 = come together (主要用于诗歌和文学作品中)

   

pumas are large,cat-like animals which are found in America. 本句中的 be found (there be)应理解为产于、分布的意思，不应理解为被动语态。         Eg: Pandas are large,bear-like animals which are found in China.

 

When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London,they were not taken seriously.  本句中that后的内容作为reports的同位语从句，只是因为维持句子的平衡美感(避免头重脚轻)才放到了后面。

 

同位语从句简单记忆：

同位语从句与中心词是等同和等值的关系，而不是修饰与被修饰的关系。这一点与定语从句截然不同，定语从句与其先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。定语从句的引导词 that/which 在句中作成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句的引导词 that 为连接词，只起连接主句与从句之作用，不做任何成分。

Eg: I was shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. (The news is that his father died yesterday.)

能连接同位语从句的名词：

belief  fact idea doubt rumor evidence  conclusion  information  suggestion  problem  order  discover  opinion

 

When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London,they were not taken seriously.  句中的they指代reports，人称或指示代词的替代含义要回到句子的切近部分寻找它的中心含义。

 

take sth seriously  认真对待        take sth slightly  不把...放在心上

Eg:  Every one ought to take life seriously.      Education is so important that we should take it seriously.

Eg: When news came into the National Museum that an ancient tomb has been spotted 100 kilometers south of Xi'an,it was taken seriously.

 

However,as the evidence began to accumulate, ...    句中的However是语篇标识词。

语篇标识词： (即显示语篇发展的词语) 引出作者真正意图，表明事实真相，往往前后形成鲜明，相反的对比。

 

... ,for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma...   (for 说明原因)

英语一般说来，总是把最需要表达的东西放在一个句子的最前边，汉语总是先因 -->后果；而for并不引导一个强因果关系，因此是处于从属地位而不置于句首。

As 不强调原因的重要性

Since 既然，弱因果关系

Because 强的直接的原因

 

claimed to have done    动词不定式的完成式： 体现它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。

Eg: Till now, no organization claimed to have been responsible for this bombing.

 

be similar to sb.  (have a lot in common)

Eg: The brothers are similar to each other in character.

 

bear a resemblance to (宛如)，酷似

resemble (宛如)，酷似 -- father  父亲

look/be like 像       -- father  爸爸

take after   随       -- father    爹

含义取决于说话人的文化和受教育程度

 

pick blackberries 采黑莓  pick mushrooms 采蘑菇  pick nose 挖鼻子  pick ears 挖耳朵  pick teeth 剔牙

 

prove (to be) difficult

 

beat around the bush   拐弯抹角，旁敲侧击

 

on a fishing trip to           on the honey-moon trip to Paris          on way to         on business to

 

 

unless = if not     

Eg: puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered./puma will not attack a human being if it is not cornered.

 

...,this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.

must have been/done sth   作者主观的肯定判断，是事实总结、归纳的标志。

in the possession of    为...所有    (主语为物)         in possession of   (主语是人)

in the authority of 由...管辖   Eg: Hong Kong is in the authority of mainland.

in the care of 由...照看

in the charge of 由...负责

 

wild -- tame    野生 -- 驯服

wild cat 不是指野猫，而是指大型猫科动物,野猫(流浪猫) -- stray cat

 

domestic animals 家养动物          domestic violence  家庭暴力       domestic market 国内市场

 

Idioms:

Only when you experience the pain of pain,can you enjoy the happiness of happiness.  吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

Go with what you are.  勇往直前

 

 

on doing something   一...就...

 

 

The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed. --> The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.

From whom did you receive a letter? --> Whom did you receive a letter from? (本句中whom不能省略)

定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom，在非正式用法当中可以省略；但省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom,Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。

非固定动词短语： Eg: live in 居住，介词可前置                 固定动词短语： Eg: look for 寻找， 介词不能前置

 

 

 Lesson1 A puma at large

 

Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.  

The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered（adj.被困得走投无路的）. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from ? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.

 

 

 美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。

搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。