一、   背景

在长期的教育教学实践中，传统的“授受型”师生关系已根深蒂固，“传授——接受”的教学模式也已逐渐系统化。这种教学模式的优点是有助于学生快速便捷地获取知识。但是，它的缺陷也很明显——学生对教师依赖性很强，自主学习能力处于低水平。德国教育家第斯多惠说过：“教学艺术不在于传授本领，而在于激励、唤醒、鼓舞。”叶圣陶先生也说过：“教育的最终目的在学生自学自励。”所以，教师在教育教学中应立足于学生自主学习能力的培养，唤醒学生的自主学习意识；应让学生学会发现，学会自主学习。那么，如何才能使学生积极主动地开展自主学习呢？在此，笔者结合自己的教学实践，谈一谈个人的做法及体会。

二、方式及内容

1. 建立学习档案，跟踪学习过程

建立学习档案的想法源自于因材施教的教育原则，即在教育教学中教师要从学生的实际情况、个别差异出发，有的放矢地进行有差别的教学，使每个学生都能扬长避短，获得最佳发展。根据这一原则，我认为建立学习档案应该是直接有效的方法之一，通过对学生的学习进行跟踪记录，一方面教师能及时准确地了解学生的发展情况，另一方面也能根据学生学习的变化，不断调整教学安排，真正实现实时互动。

在具体操作中，我所执教的是两个人数均在50以上的班级，如果要对整个班级进行跟踪记录，教师的工作量将会很大且难以操作，自然很难达到满意的效果，所以我采用了分批以小组的形式进行跟踪。第一批学生是第一次英语检测后挑选出来，每个班确定了10名学生，他们学习态度端正、基础比较薄弱但都有很大的进步空间。确定了学生名单后，就召集他们进行了交流。在征得他们的认同后，学习小组即时成立，学习档案也开始记录。

成立学习小组，首要任务是让学生了解学习的内容和形式，主要目的是让学生在教师的指导和管理下增强自主学习意识，掌握学习方法，养成学习习惯。但是学习小组应该以什么为学习内容呢？这是活动开展前我思考最多的问题。想起苏联教育家苏霍姆林斯基说过的一句话：“在教学中，教师不仅应该走下讲台走近学生，而且应该敞开心扉与学生倾心交流，聆听他们的心声。”既然是为学生建立学习档案，学习内容当然应该听听学生的想法，所以，在活动开展前，一项问卷调查应运而生。调查对象是所执教的两个班学生，调查内容为学生的外语学习观念，目的是了解学生的学习观念，并指导帮助学生树立正确的学习观并以此确定跟踪活动的方式和内容。

调查结果和分析如下：

1）问卷调查表：什么决定了你英语学习的成败？

2）数据分析

本问卷共设了13道题。1-3题是为了解学生的“决定英语学习成败”的观念；4-7题是为了解学生“管理学习过程”的观念；8-11题是为了解学生对“英语学习形式和内容重要程度”的观念；最后两题是为了解学生对“教师评价的重要性”而设。

有65.7%的学生对学习外语要有天赋的观点表示坚决不同意或不同意，这说明大部分学生认为外语学习与天赋无必然关系，这是值得肯定和赞赏的。关于学习外语的责任问题，共有77.2%的学生认为学习者本人应对学习负主要责任,这说明大部分学生的学习态度端正，愿意对自己的学习负主要责任，这为今后开展自主性学习活动奠定了坚实的基础。另外88.2%的学生在关于后天努力的重要性问题上持同意或坚决同意的态度,这说明绝大多数学生更看重后天的努力。

关于“很好地计划学习的时间是学好英语的重要保证”，共有84.6%的人表示同意或坚决同意；针对“有明确的长期和短期目标对学习英语很重要”问题，有87.3%的学生持肯定态度，这说明学生对计划和目标的重要性已经有了一定的认识，所缺乏的只是具体的落实。“不断总结自己的进步”和“能针对自己存在的问题采取措施”这两个问题有着紧密的联系，分别有83.8%和90.9%的学生表示同意或坚决同意，这说明绝大多数学生管理学习过程的观念是正确的。英语学习需要反思和监控，只有不断的总结经验教训，找出学习中的薄弱环节，有针对性的加以改进，才能真正提高学习的效率和质量。

关于大量写作、记住短语、背诵优美文章的以及大量阅读报刊杂志的调查是为之后的小组活动内容作准备的。调查结果说明大多数同学认同这些学习方法和形式，所以在后面的跟踪活动中我大量运用了课外阅读和命题作文的学习形式，这也是从学生的角度出发的。

最后两题是为了解学生对教师的批评和表扬的看法。数据显示，有75.5%的学生认同学生学不好英语，教师不应一味的批评；有87.4%的学生赞成学习上取得进步时老师应该给予充分肯定并及时表扬，这就提醒了我们作为教师应该以表扬激励学生为主，应该善于发现学生的闪光点，因为一个学生一世界，每个人都希望得到别人的肯定和赞赏。

2. 布置学习任务，明确学习目标

在小组成立之后，布置学习任务，明确学习目标成了当务之急。结合问卷调查的结果，我把任务分为两块：课内和课外。课内要求学生集中精力听课，主动举手回答问题；课外要求学生首先弄清自己英语学习上存在的问题并根据各自的问题制定一份具体的学习计划；其次是要求学生增加阅读量，并及时向老师汇报学习情况；第三是每周完成一篇命题作文，并交由老师面批。在这一操作模式下，学生的积极性很高，一方面是感受到了老师对他们的关注和关心，另一方面，在每天的练习与反馈中不断受到冲击，有正面的也有负面的，但只要老师在适当的时候加以鼓励和赞扬，他们就能从中获得动力。所以在一段时间的跟踪学习后，大部分学生都有了不同程度的进步。一是从学习成绩上来看，在第二次检测后，2个班总共有28位同学进步明显，而其中有15位都是跟踪小组的成员。二是从学习心态上来看，在与他们不断的交流中，发现有些原本自卑的学生逐渐变得开朗，有些原本浮躁的学生能静得下心了，还有一些原来很认真但学不得法的学生开始感受到了轻松学习的乐趣，不再愁眉苦脸。总之，跟踪活动达到了预期的效果，不仅增强了师生交流，提高了学生的学习积极性，更是让学生找到了学习的乐趣。

3. 实时反馈学习结果，及时调整跟踪名单

美国著名心理学家威廉詹姆斯说过：“人心中最深刻的禀赋，是被人赞赏的渴望。”可见，赞美就是一种赏识教育，是催人奋进的“爱”的教育。所以，在课堂上，对待任何值得表扬的行为，我都会毫不吝啬地表扬，让他们从中获得成就感；在第二次检测结束后，取得较大进步的小组成员都受到了极大的表扬，并且被邀请在班级做一番讲话，与同学分享成功的喜悦和学习经验。有的学生说：“我不再那么自卑了，我发现原来自信的感觉很美好！”有的学生说：“我自觉学习的意识明显增强了，对待作业也没有从前的抵触心理了，因为我知道那是我向老师反馈学习情况的一种方式。”还有的学生说：“对这次的进步我并不感到惊讶，我相信这不是偶然，因为我付出了很多，学会了坚持不懈。我会一直坚持，争取更大的进步。”讲台上的学生们个个容光焕发，虽有些胆怯，但是那份喜悦却实实在在地给了其他学生很大的鼓舞。所以下课后，不少学生都来申请加入下一批小组名单，眼里是掩饰不住的期盼，期盼下一个成功的人会是自己。所以，在接下来的跟踪活动中，这些学生的要求被纳入了考虑范围，跟踪名单自然就进行了调整。调整的依据是确定一批具有共同特征的学生，比如，基础较好但在阅读方面特别欠缺的学生，或者很努力但学习方法不正确而总感觉事倍功半的学生，因为这样才能更好地实现因材施教，对症下药，活动才能取得更好的成效。

4. 开展问卷调查，了解活动成效

在经过2个多月的跟踪教学后，为了得到一个客观的结果，我对跟踪小组成员共38位学生进行了一次专项问卷调查，以此了解学生对跟踪活动的态度及活动的效果。

调查结果和分析如下：

1）问卷调查表：活动成效调查——跟踪学习是否有助于学好英语？

1.活动过程中，你的英语学习观念是否有变化？

A.有        B. 无       C. 不清楚

2.你的英语学习意识有没有增强？

A. 明显增强     B.略微增强     C.没有增强

3.比较近两次考试，你认为成绩的变化是偶然还是必然？

A. 偶然      B.必然

4.如果退出这个学习活动小组，你是否有成绩下滑的担忧？

A．很担忧       B.不担忧       C.没想过

5.你对老师布置的额外任务持什么态度？

A.认为是好的学习资源，会积极认真高效的完成。

B.认为是额外的负担，不愿做但强迫自己完成

C.无所谓，和平时作业一样对待

6.对这个学习活动的客观看法:

A.赞成，很好地督促了我的学习，增强了学习动力和自觉性。

B.反对，占用了我的课余时间，造成了一定的学习压力。

C.观望，要看长期效果。

7.你是否愿意继续参与？

A. 愿意            B. 不愿意

8.对今后的活动开展，你有什么好的建议或意见？

__________________________________________________________________

2）数据分析：

本调查共8道题。前七题都是选择题，目的是要了解学生在活动前后的变化，以及他们对活动形式及内容的看法。第8题是开放性问题，要求学生提供好的建议或意见，目的是通过学生的真实反馈，将活动形式及内容进行不断的优化，使更多的学生受益。

共有38位学生接受了调查，数据显示有34位学生认为自己的学习观念发生了变化，这是令人欣慰的。只有2位学生觉得自己的学习意识没有加强，这说明跟踪活动对学生自觉意识的培养是有效且可行的。有22位学生认为成绩的提高是必然，这说明还有一部分学生对自己缺乏自信，有待进一步鼓励。关于“是否担忧退出小组学习成绩会下滑”，有30位学生表示了担忧，这说明大多数学生对活动本身及其作用都持肯定的态度。对待老师布置的任务38位学生全部选择了“认为是好的学习资源，会积极认真高效的完成”，这充分说明了从学生出发，为学生考虑，得到的将会是学生的高度理解和顶力支持。对活动的客观看法则有32位持赞成，6位持观望态度。这说明活动内容及形式还没有完善，依然有待改进。另外有36位学生愿意继续参与小组活动，有一位不愿继续参与的学生解释说只要自觉学习的意识足够强，被不被跟踪都会一样。这是来自学生最大的肯定，我感到十分欣慰。最后还有不少学生提出了好的建议，比如活动应该更加体现个别差异，还有的说应该加强小组内成员间的交流等。这些都给了我很大的启发，为以后的改进提供了很好的参考。

3）总结活动成效

以下几点从整体上阐明了跟踪学习的活动成效：

①加强了师生交流

②在不断的反馈中，抓住机会激励学生，增强了学生的自信

③学生在学习上实现了输入——输出的转变，英语运用能力明显提高。

④以一部分人带动整个班级，形成良好的学习氛围，自主学习意识明显增强。

三、 总结与反思

在不断改进不断更新的跟踪学习过程中，学生们逐渐培养了自主学习的能力，慢慢体验着学习的快乐。作为教师，我也能感受到那份喜悦，为他们的进步感到高兴，同时也在不断的反思，得出了如下总结：

1.应不断改进、探索更适合的方法，让学生体验学习的乐趣。

学生在自主学习中体验着学习的乐趣，并久久回味。看到学生这样快乐，我明白了一个道理：不要让我们所谓权威的说教扼杀了学生探索的自由，要让学生成为学习的真正主人。在教学中还要善于发现问题，分析问题，不断改进、探索更适合的方法，这样才能让更多的学生体验到更多的学习乐趣。

2.应走下讲台，走到学生中去；相信学生，倾听学生。

走下讲台不仅仅是观念上的更新，更是教师角色的一种转换。到学生中去，了解他们的所思所想，倾听他们的心声，可以进一步调动学生的积极性，缩短师生之间的距离，做学生真正信得过的老师兼朋友。

3.应适时鼓励学生，促成学习的良性循环

作为一名教育工作者在平时教学实践中要有耐心、有爱心，要以一颗宽容之心来对待学生，让他们体会到老师的爱心，使学生愿意亲近老师；老师还要善于发现学生的闪光点，激励学生乐学会学，最终促成学习的良性循环。同时，良好的学习氛围还能以一部分人带动整个班级，实现从部分到整体的改变。

4.在小组学习内容的安排上，从输入（加强阅读）到输出（命题作文）的转变是符合学生学习规律的，而且也增强了学生自主学习的意识及能力。

5.活动过程中还存在不少的问题，比如，有些学生要求加入小组，但由于名额有限，不能让每个学生都参与其中。这就涉及到对学生评价的问题，但不管是依据什么标准，绝对的公正都是无法实现的。再比如，师生的交流受到了时间的限制，学生有时不得不牺牲课间休息时间来反馈学习情况等。但不管怎样，只要是对学生有利的，我都愿意去尝试。

总之，从整体上来看，跟踪学习活动基本实现了以跟踪学习为形式，以师生交流为媒介，以增强学生的自主学习意识和能力为宗旨的目标。希望自主学习能更好地唤起学生的自主意识，并充分发挥学生的自主作用，希望每个学生都能成为学习的主人，真正实现快乐学习。

参考文献：

1. 童  强    “培养高中生英语自主学习能力的可行性分析”，《中小学英语教学与研究》 2005年第11期

2. 宋运来   《影响教师一生的100个好习惯》，江苏人民出版社， 2008年

3. Think about the following questions:

1) What medical problems can acupuncture treat?

2) How does acupuncture reduce and relieve pain?

Part B

1. You will be divided into groups of four to discuss the eight questions in Part B. Report your findings to the class.

2. Prepare your project and present it to the class. Others may give comments or raise questions.

3. Do Parts B1and B2 on page 111 of the Workbook, so you will be more familiar with some important words and their usages learnt in this section.

Homework: 

1. Do the listening exercises in Parts A and B on page 116 of Workbook, and then complete Part C.

2. Do Parts D1 and D2 on page 113 of the Workbook.

3. Read Part A first and then do Part B on page 117 of Workbook.

Welcome to the unit

1. If we need an operation, a special room called an operating theatre is used. (P17) 如果我们需要做手术的话, 就使用一个特殊的被成为手术室的房间.

operate

v. [I] to cut a body open for medical reasons in order to repair, remove or replace a diseased or damaged part:
If the growth gets any bigger they'll have to operate.
Are they going to operate on him?

v.[I or T] to (cause to) work, be in action or have an effect:

How do you operate the remote control unit?
Does the company operate a pension scheme?

operation

n. [C] when a doctor cuts a body for medical reasons in order to repair, remove or replace a diseased or damaged part:
a major/minor/routine operation
an abdominal/cataract/transplant operation
He's got to have an operation on his shoulder.
[+ to infinitive] We will know in a couple of days if the operation to restore her sight was successful.

n. [U] the fact of operating or being active:
There are several reactors of the type in operation (= working) at the moment.
We expect the new scheme for assessing claims to come into operation (= start working) early next year.

operator

n. [C] 1) someone whose job is to use and control a machine or vehicle:
   a computer operator
2) a company that does a particular type of business:
   a tour operator
3) a person who helps to connect people on a telephone system

2. Have you ever seen a doctor? If so, what happened? (P17) 你到医生那儿看过病吗? 如果看过, 是发生了什么问题?

ever

adv. 1) at any time:
Nothing ever happens here in the evenings.
Have you ever been to London?
He hardly ever (= almost never) washes the dishes and he rarely, if ever, (= probably never) does any cleaning.
The smell is worse than ever.
I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ever heard of her.

2) continually:

He is ever repeating the same old story.

3) used for emphasizing an adjective:

Yesterday the company announced its first ever fall in profits.

4) for all time:

I like the house but I don't imagine I'll live there forever.

5) continually since that time:
He's been depressed ever since he got divorced.

Reading--- Two life-saving medicines

1. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin. (P18) 倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜,都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。

open up

phrasal verb [M]

1) to show sth. that was hidden or not previously known:
The security council debate could open up sharp differences between the countries.

2) to improve a situation by making it less limited:
The government has announced plans to open up access to higher education.

3) to make a space larger or less enclosed:
We're going to open up our kitchen by knocking down a couple of walls.

4) to open the lock on the door of a building:
The caretaker opens up the school every morning at seven

5) to do a medical operation on someone to see inside their body:
When they opened her up, they couldn't find anything wrong with her.

6) to start to talk more about yourself and your feelings:
I've never opened up to anyone like I do to you.

probability

n. [C or U] the likelihood of sth. happening or being true:
What is the probability of winning?
The probability of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten.
There's a high/strong probability (that) (= It is very likely that) she'll be here.
Until yesterday, the project was just a possibility, but now it has become a real probability (= it is likely that it will happen).

probable

adj. likely to be true or likely to happen:
The probable cause of death was heart failure.

[+ that] It is probable that share prices will fall still further.

2. … but in fact, 3,500 years ago, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. (P18) 但事实上,早在3,500年前就有一些药方建议人们饮用一种由特殊植物的干叶制成的茶来减轻身体的病痛。

recommend

v. [T] to suggest that someone or sth. would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done:
I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious.
She has been recommended for promotion.
The headmistress agreed to recommend the teachers' proposals to the school governors.
[+ (that)] The doctor recommended (that) I take more exercise.
[+ ing form of verb] I recommend writing your feelings down on paper.
recommended

adj.
It is dangerous to take more than the recommended dose of this medicine.
She is a highly recommended architect.
recommendation

n.1) [C or U] a suggestion that sth. is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job:
I bought this computer on John's recommendation (= because John told me that it was good).
I got the job on Sam's recommendation (= because she told her employers that I was suitable for the job).
2) [C] advice telling someone what the best thing to do is:
[+ that] The report makes the recommendation that no more prisons should be built.

make…from…

to produce sth., often using a particular substance or material:

Butter is made out of/from milk.

3. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. (P18) 1899年, 该药品第一次进行实验, 当时, 霍夫曼供职的公司开始将该药以粉末形式提供给医师, 让他们用于病人。

trial

n. [C or U] 1) a test, usually over a limited period of time, to discover how effective or suitable sth. or someone is:
They're doing clinical trials on a new drug.
They've employed her for a six-month trial (period).
MAINLY UK You can buy any of their garden equipment on trial/US USUALLY on a trial basis, and if you don't like it you can give it back.

2) the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a court of law to judge whether a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter:
Trial by jury is a fundamental right.
It was a very complicated trial that went on for months.
She's going on/standing trial for fraud.

trial and error

n. a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes that you make:
There's no instant way of finding a cure - it's just a process of trial and error.

take place: to happen:
The concert takes place next Thursday.

in…form=in the form of…

The lawn was laid out in the form of the figure eight.

in any shape or form
of any type:
I'm opposed to war in any shape or form.

4. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing 500 milligrams of ASA. (P18) 一年以后，阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售，每片含有200毫克的乙酰水杨酸。

contain

v. [T not continuous]
to have sth. inside or include sth. as a part:
How much liquid do you think this bottle contains?
I've lost a file containing a lot of important documents.
Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
The allegations contained in this report are very serious.

注意比较:

include

v. [T] to contain sth. as a part of sth. else, or to make sth. part of sth. else:
The book contains 40 maps, including a map of China.

The bill includes tax and service.
Tax and service are included in the bill.

5. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood. (P18) 美国的一位医生劳伦斯·克雷文发表了好几篇报告，其中1953年的一篇报告提出了阿司匹林可以稀释血液。

thin

adj. (thinner, thinnest) having a small distance between two opposite sides:
a thin book
thin black lines
a thin jacket

adj. (thinner, thinnest) (of the body) with little flesh on the bones:
Did you notice how thin her wrists were?
Thin, hungry dogs roamed the streets.

Adj. (thinner, thinnest) (of a liquid) flowing easily:
a thin soup

v. [T] to make a substance less thick, often by adding a liquid to it:
Thin the sauce down with a little stock.

6. … and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked. (P18) 1977年，美国的一项研究证明，阿司匹林中的化学物质乙酰水杨酸能预防中风。中风是由于大脑血管爆裂或梗塞而产生的一种突发疾病。

block

n. [C] 1) a solid straight-sided lump of hard material:
a block of wood/ice

2) a group of things bought, dealt with, or considered together:
a block of tickets/seats/shares
Corporate-hospitality firms make block bookings (= buy large numbers of seats) at big sporting events.

3) a large, usually tall building divided into separate parts for use as offices or homes by several different organizations or people:
an office block

4) the distance along a street from where one road crosses it to the place where the next road crosses it, or one part of a street like this, especially in a town or city:
The museum is just six blocks away.
My friend and I live on the same block.
5) a square group of buildings or houses with roads on each side:
I took a walk around the block.

6)A block in (= An object blocking) the pipe was preventing the water from coming through.

v. [T] to prevent movement through sth., or to prevent sth. from happening or succeeding:
A fallen tree is blocking the road.
My view was blocked by a tall man in front of me.
She was very talented and I felt her parents were blocking her progress.

7. In 1999, aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people’s lives. (P19) 到1999年，阿司匹林已有100年的历史，然而关于它如何帮助延长人类寿命方面还有更多的发现。

length

n. 1) [C or U] the measurement of sth. from end to end or along its longest side:
The boat is ten metres in length.
The length of the bay is approximately 200 miles.
She planted rose bushes (along) the length of the garden (= the whole distance along it).
2) [C] a piece of sth. such as string or pipe:
a length of rope

3) [C] the amount of time sth. takes:
the length of a film/speech/play
He is unable to concentrate on his work for any length of time (= for anything more than a short time).

keep sb. at arm's length
to not allow someone to become too friendly with you:
I always had the feeling she was keeping me at arm's length.

at length
1) for a long time:
George went on at great length about his various illnesses.
2) FORMAL If sth. happens at length, it happens after a long period of time:
At length, the authorities allowed her to go home.

8. He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. (P19)  他注意到，带有细菌的一种特殊的，透明的果子冻上长起了霉。

note

v. [T] SLIGHTLY FORMAL  1) to notice sth.:
They noted the consumers' growing demand for quicker service.
[+ (that)] Please note (that) we will be closed on Saturday.
[+ question word] Note how easy it is to release the catch quickly.
2) to give your attention to something by discussing it or making a written record of it:
[+ that] He said the weather was beyond our control, noting that last summer was one of the hottest on record.
In the article, she notes several cases of medical incompetence.

n. [U] FORMAL
importance, or when sth. deserves attention:
There was nothing of note in the latest report.
noted

adj. known by many people, especially because of particular qualities:
Summerhill school is noted for its progressive policies.
She's not noted for her patience (= She is not a patient person).

9. It was not until World War II that two other scientists managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it. (P19)直到二战另外两个科学家才设法使用新的化学方法来净化它。

It was not until that… 这是一个not… until…结构的强调句型。

强调句型的结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that…

10. He named the chemical found in the mould penicillin and tried to make it pure to be a medicine, but was unable to do that. (P19) 他把霉里的化学物质命名为青霉素并尽力提纯该物质以便制药，但没能做成。

name

v. [T] 1) to give someone or sth. a name:
[+ two objects] We named our dogs 'Shandy' and 'Belle'.
A man named Dennis answered the door.
2) to say what sth. or someone's name is:
In the first question you had to name three types of monkey.
He couldn't name his attacker.

n. [C] the word or words that a person, thing or place is known by:
"Hi, what's your name?" "My name's Diane."
Please write your full (= complete) name and address on the form.
What's the name of that mountain in the distance?
We finally agreed on the name Luca for our son.
The students were listed by name and by country of origin.

pure

adj. not mixed with anything else:
a pure cotton shirt

NOTE: The opposite is impure.

purify

v. [T] to remove bad substances from sth. to make it pure:
Plants help to purify the air.

One of the functions of the kidneys is to purify the blood.

unable

adj. be unable to do sth. to not be able to do sth.:
We were unable to contact him at the time.

11. They were able to produce it in large quantities. (P19) 他们能够大量地生产它。

able

adj. be able to do sth. to have the necessary physical strength, mental power, skill, time, money or opportunity to do sth.:
Will she be able to cope with the work?
He's never been able to admit to his mistakes.
I'm sorry that I wasn't able to phone you yesterday.
It's so wonderful being able to see the sea from my window.

ability (POWER)

n. [C or U]
the physical or mental power or skill needed to do sth.:
There's no doubting her ability.
[+ to infinitive] She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely.
She's a woman of considerable abilities.

quantity

n. [C or U] the amount or number of sth., especially that can be measured or is fixed:
Police found a large/small quantity of drugs in his possession.
We consumed vast quantities of food and drink that night.
The (sheer) quantity (= large amount) of equipment needed for the trip is staggering.
They are now developing ways to produce the vaccine in large quantities and cheaply.

12. If penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from bacterial illnesses or even minor wounds. (P19) 如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于由细菌引起的疾病。

available

adj. able to be obtained, used, or reached:
Is this dress available in a larger size?
There's no money available for an office party this year.
It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas.
[+ to infinitive] I'm afraid I'm not available to help with the show on the 19th.

die

v. [I] (dying, died, died) to stop living or existing, either suddenly or slowly:
Twelve people died in the accident.
She died of/from hunger/cancer/a heart attack/her injuries.
It is a brave person who will die for their beliefs.

13. Penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses including pneumonia, an illness that affects the lungs. (P19) 青霉素也用于治疗其他的疾病,其中包括肺炎,这是一种侵袭肺部的疾病.

affect

v. [T] to have an influence on someone or sth., or to cause them to change:
Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
The divorce affected every aspect of her life.
It's a disease which affects mainly older people.
I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me).

14. In 1945, all the three scientists, Fleming, Florey and Chain, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work, and penicillin rapidly became the powerful ‘wonder drug’ which saved millions of lives. (P19) 由于弗莱明, 弗洛里和钱恩的贡献, 1945年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖的生理学或医药学奖, 而青霉素因挽救了数百万人的生命, 很快成为一种强大的“神奇药品”。

share

v. 1) [I or T] to have or use sth. at the same time as someone else:
She's very possessive about her toys and finds it hard to share.
Bill and I shared an office for years.
I share a house with four other people.

2) [I or T] to divide food, money, goods, etc. and give part of it to someone else:
Will you share your sandwich with me?
Let's share the sweets (out) among/between everyone.
We should share (in) the reward.

3) [I or T] If two or more people share an activity, they each do some of it:
Shall we share the driving?
We shared the preparation for the party between us, so it wasn't too much work.
4) [I or T] If two or more people or things share a feeling, quality or experience, they both or all have the same feeling, quality or experience:
We share an interest in sailing.
All hospitals share some common characteristics.
I don't share your views/beliefs.

wonder

v. 1) [I] to ask yourself questions or express a desire to know about sth.:
[+ question word] Hadn't you better phone home? Your parents will be wondering where you are.
He's starting to wonder whether he did the right thing in accepting this job.
[+ speech] Will this turkey be big enough for eight, I wonder?
"Have you decided where you're going next summer?" "I've been wondering about (= considering) going to Florida."
2) used in phrases, at the beginning of a request, to make it more formal and polite:
[+ speech] I wonder - could you help me carry these books?
[+ question word] I wonder whether you could pass me the butter?
I wonder if you could give me some information about places to visit in the area?

n. 1) [U] a feeling of great surprise and admiration caused by seeing or experiencing sth. that is strange and new:
The sight of the Grand Canyon stretching out before them filled them with wonder.
The boys gazed in wonder at the shiny red Ferrari.
2) [C usually plural] an object that causes a feeling of great surprise and admiration:
We spent a week visiting the wonders of Ancient Greek civilization.

wonder drug

n. [C] INFORMAL: a very effective new medicine:
It has proved to be a wonder drug for sufferers of epilepsy, reducing seizures by up to 80%.

million

determiner, n., pron. (plural million or millions)
1) [C] (the number) 1 000 000:
She got eight million dollars for appearing in that film.
2) [C] a lot (of):
I've heard that joke a million times.

15. It has saved and brought relief to millions of people’s lives. (P21) 它拯救了许多人的性命,减轻了许多人的痛苦.

relief

n. [C or U] food, money or services which provide help for people in need:
an international relief operation
relief agencies/supplies

Acupuncture anaesthesia brought relief to the patient.
Pop stars have raised millions of pounds for famine relief in Africa.

relieve

 v. [T] 1) to provide relief for a bad situation or for people in need:
emergency food aid to help relieve the famine
2) to take the place of someone and continue doing their job or duties:
I'm on duty until 2 p.m. and then Peter is coming to relieve me.

16. It was fundamental to saving many thousands of lives and is one of the most important medicines of contemporary society. (P21)它对于拯救许多人的性命是很重要的,并且它是当代社会最重要的药物之一.

fundamental

adj. forming the base, from which everything else originates; more important than anything else:
We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its full potential.
Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies.
Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.
fundamentally

adv.
Our new managing director has reorganized the company a bit, but nothing has fundamentally changed/altered (= its basic character has not changed).
I still believe that people are fundamentally (= in a basic and important way) good.
I disagree fundamentally (= in every way that is important) with what you're saying.

Grammar and usage

1. put through

1) put sb. through (TELEPHONE)

phrasal verb: to connect a person using a telephone to the person they want to speak to:
Could you put me through to customer services, please?

2) put sb. through sth. (BAD EXPERIENCE)

phrasal verb: to make someone experience sth. unpleasant or difficult:
I'm sorry to put you through this ordeal.

3) put sb. through sth. (EDUCATION)

phrasal verb: to pay for someone to study at school, college or university:
It's costing them a lot of money to put their children through school.
[R] She's putting herself through college.

2. decide on

decide on sth./sb.

phrasal verb: to choose sth. or someone after careful thought:
I've decided on blue for the bathroom.

3. look around/round:

look round (somewhere/sth.)

phrasal verb: to visit a place and look at the things in it:
She spent the afternoon looking round the shops.
When we went to Stratford, we only had a couple of hours to look round.

4. put off

put sth. off (DELAY)

phrasal verb: to decide or arrange to delay an event or activity until a later time or date:
The meeting has been put off for a week.
[+ ing form of verb] I can't put off going to the dentist any longer.

5. turn up

1) turn up (somewhere) (APPEAR)

phrasal verb INFORMAL: to arrive or appear somewhere, usually unexpectedly or in way that was not planned:
Do you think many people will turn up?
She turned up at my house late one night.

2) turn up

phrasal verb: If sth. that you have been looking for turns up, you find it unexpectedly:
The missing letter eventually turned up inside a book

3) turn sth up (FOLD)

phrasal verb [M]: to make a piece of clothing or part of a piece of clothing shorter, by folding the material and sewing it into position:
You could always turn the sleeves up.

4) turn sth. up (DISCOVER)

phrasal verb INFORMAL: to discover sth., especially information, after a lot of searching:
See what you can turn up about the family in the files.

6. fill in:

1) fill sth. in/out (WRITE)

phrasal verb: to write the necessary information on an official document:
to fill in a form/questionnaire

2) fill in (REPLACE)

phrasal verb: to do someone else's work for them because they cannot or will not do it themselves:
Volunteers would fill in for teachers in the event of a strike.
I'm not her regular secretary - I'm just filling in..

7. split up

split (DIVIDE) (splitting, split, split)

v. [I or T] to (cause to) divide into two or more parts, especially along a particular line:
The prize was split between Susan and Kate.
Split the aubergines in half and cover with breadcrumbs.
The teacher split the children (up) into three groups.

split up

phrasal verb INFORMAL: If two people split up, they end their relationship or marriage:
She split up with her boyfriend last week.

8. Could I speak to the public relations officer? (P25)

这是一句交际用语，多用于打电话。

9. Maybe I can deal with your enquiry. 也许我可以应对你的询问。

enquiry

n. [C or U] UK (US ALSO inquiry)

1)      (the process of asking) a question:
I've been making inquiries about/into the cost of a round-the-world ticket.
FORMAL Inquiry into the matter is pointless - no one will tell you anything.
2) [C] an official process to discover the facts about sth. bad that has happened:
a judicial inquiry
Citizens have demanded a full inquiry into the government's handling of the epidemic.

10.       handful

n. [S] a small number of people or things:
She invited loads of friends to her party, but only a handful of them turned up.

n. [C]
an amount of something that can be held in one hand:
He pulled out a handful of coins from his pocket.

11. She can take down your details. (P25) 她可以把你的细节情况记录下来。

take down

1) to write sth. that another person has just said:
He took down my address and phone number and said he'd phone back.

NOTE: 同义词组为 write down/put down

2) (REMOVE) phrasal verb: to remove sth. that is on a wall or sth. that is temporary, or to remove a structure by separating its different parts:
I've taken the pictures down.

detail

n. [C] a single piece of information or fact about sth.:
She insisted on telling me every single detail of what they did to her in hospital.
We don't know the full/precise details of the story yet.
She refused to disclose/divulge any details about/of the plan.

in detail
including or considering all the information about sth. or every part of sth.:
We haven't discussed the matter in detail yet.
The book described her sufferings in graphic detail.
He talked in great detail about the curtains he's chosen for his lounge.

go into detail
to tell or include all the facts about sth.:
I won't go into detail over the phone, but I've been having a few health problems recently.

12. My pleasure. (P25) 不用谢。

It's a pleasure. ALSO ( It's) my pleasure.
a polite way of replying to someone who has thanked you:
"It was so kind of you to give us a lift." "Don't mention it - it was a pleasure.

with pleasure FORMAL
willingly:
"Would you mind holding the door open for me, please?" "Oh, with pleasure."

Task

1. If you are listening to a TV report about a current situation,… (P26) 如果你在听一个关于当前形势的报告的话，……

current

adj. of the present time:
Have you seen the current issue of (= the most recently published) Vogue magazine?
The word 'thou' (= you) is no longer in current use.
currently

adv.

The Director is currently having talks in the USA.

current affairs

plural noun: political news about events happening now.

2. We teach students to hold a book at least 30 cm away from their eyes while reading. (P27) 我们教育学生在读书的时候拿书离他们的眼睛至少有30厘米的距离。

hold

v. [T not continuous] (held, held)
1) to contain or be able to contain sth.:
This jug holds exactly one pint.
One bag won't hold all of the shopping - we'd better take two.
Modern computers can hold huge amounts of information.

2) to take and keep sth. in your hand or arms:
Can you hold the bag while I open the door?
He was holding a gun.
The little girl held her mother's hand.
He held her in his arms.
[+ object + adjective] Could you hold the door open, please?
Rosie held out an apple for the horse.
All those who agree please hold up their hand (= raise their arm)

3. We have adjusted all the lighting arrangements in the classrooms so that each room is well lit. (P27)

adjust (CHANGE)

v. [T] 1) to change sth. slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable:
If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.
As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.
2) to arrange your clothing to make yourself look tidy:
She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath and walked into the room.
adjustable

adj. able to be changed to suit particular needs:
The height of the steering wheel is adjustable.
Is the strap on this helmet adjustable?
adjustment

n. [C or U] a small change:
She made a few minor adjustments to the focus of her camera.

so (that)

conj., adv.：used before you give an explanation for the action that you have just mentioned:
[+ (that)] I deliberately didn't have lunch so (that) I would be hungry tonight.
Leave the keys out so (that) I remember to take them with me.

4. A book stand has been provided next to the computer monitor. (P27) 在电脑屏幕的旁边提供了一个阅览架。

stand

n. [C] 1) a frame or piece of furniture for supporting or putting things on:
a music stand
a hatstand

2) a small shop or stall or an area where products can be shown, usually outside or in a large public building, at which people can buy things or obtain information:
a hotdog stand
Over three thousand companies will have stands at this year's microelectronics exhibition.

monitor

n. [C] 1) a device with a screen on which words or pictures can be shown:
a computer monitor
a TV monitor
Doctors watched the old man's heartbeat on a monitor.

2) a person who has the job of watching or noticing particular things:
United Nations monitors were not allowed to enter the area.
v. [T] to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover sth.about it:
The new findings suggest that women ought to monitor their cholesterol levels.
The CIA were monitoring (= secretly listening to) his phone calls.

5. Teachers have been trained to look out for students who may be having eyesight problems. (P27) 老师们已经被训练来留意可能有视力问题的学生。

look out for sb./sth.

phrasal verb:to try to notice someone or sth.:
Look out for Anna while you're there.

6. reminding students to do eye exercises both at school and at home (P27)

remind

v. [T] to make someone aware of sth. they have forgotten or might have forgotten:
Could you remind Paul about dinner on Saturday?
[+ to infinitive] Please remind me to post this letter.
[+ (that)] I rang Jill and reminded her (that) the conference had been cancelled.

remind you of sth./sb.

phrasal verb: to be similar to, and make you think of, sth. or someone else:
Your hair and eyes remind me of your mother.
reminder

n. [C] a written or spoken message which reminds someone to do sth.:
If he forgot to pay his rent, his landlady would send him a reminder.
[+ to infinitive] Mum sent me off with a final reminder to be back before 11 pm.

7. in a certain way (P28)

certain

adj. 1) having no doubt or knowing exactly that sth. is true, or known to be true, correct, exact or effective:
[+ (that)] Are you absolutely certain (that) you gave them the right number?
I feel certain (that) you're doing the right thing.
You should make certain (that) everyone understands the instructions.
The police seem certain (that) they will find the people responsible for the attack.
[+ question word] I'm not certain how much it will cost.
He was quite certain about/of his attacker's identity.
One thing is certain - she won't resign willingly.
2) know/say for certain: to know or state sth. without doubt:
I don't know for certain if she's coming.
I can't say for certain how long I'll be there.

3) adj. [before noun] FORMAL: named but neither famous nor known well:
I had lunch today with a certain George Michael - not the George Michael, I should explain.
certainly

adv.1) used to reply emphatically or to emphasize sth. and show that there is no doubt about it:
She certainly had a friend called Mark, but I don't know whether he was her boyfriend.
"This is rather a difficult question." "Yes, it's certainly not easy."
"Do you think more money should be given to education?" "Certainly!"
"Had you forgotten about our anniversary?" "Certainly not! I've reserved a table at Michel's restaurant for this evening."
2) used when agreeing or disagreeing strongly to a request:
"Could you lend me £10?" "Certainly."
"Did you take any money out of my purse?" "Certainly not!"

make certain/sure
to take action so that you are certain that sth. happens, is true, etc:
I'll just make sure I've turned the oven off.
Make certain (that) we have enough drink for the party.
Make sure you're home by midnight.
Jones made sure of his place in the side with three fine goals.
I think I locked the door but I'll go back and check just to make sure.

NOTE: some student=a certain student 某个学生

some students 一些学生  certain students 某些学生

8. agree (P28)

v. 1) [I or T] to have the same opinion, or to accept a suggestion or idea:
Ann and I never seem to agree.
I agree with you on this issue.
My father and I don't agree about/on very much.
[+ that] I agree that he should be invited.
[+ question word] Experts seem unable to agree whether the drug is safe or not.
[+ speech] "You're absolutely right, " agreed Jake.
I suggested that we should meet, and they agreed (= said yes).
[+ to infinitive] The bank has agreed (= is willing) to lend me £5000.
2) [I] If two or more statements, ideas, sets of numbers, etc. agree, they are the same or very similar:
We've got five accounts of what happened and none of them agree.

agree to sth.

phrasal verb:
Both sides in the conflict have agreed to the terms of the peace treaty.

agree with sth.(THINK)

phrasal verb [usually in negatives]: to think that sth. is morally acceptable:
I don't agree with hunting.

agree with sb. (AFFECT)

phrasal verb: If a situation or new conditions agree with you, they make you feel healthy and happy:
You look well - the mountain air must agree with you.

couldn't agree more/less
If you say you couldn't agree more/less, you mean you completely agree/disagree.

Project

1. Eventually, metal needles began to appear and these took their place. (P30) 最后，金属针的出现取代了它们。

eventually

adv. in the end, especially after a long time or a lot of effort, problems, etc:
Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as a shock when she eventually died.
It might take him ages but he'll do it eventually.

eventual

adj. [before n.] happening or existing at a later time or at the end, especially after a lot of effort, problems, etc:
The Dukes were the eventual winners of the competition.
Although the original budget for the project was $1 billion, the eventual cost is likely to be 50% higher.

NOTE: eventually的同义词/词组为：at last, finally, in the end, at length等.

take one’s place=take the place of sb./sth.

When he was away on business, Tom took his place/took the place of him.
take place
to happen:
The concert takes place next Thursday

2. Acupuncture involves putting stainless steel needles into the skin at certain points on the body so that a disease can be cured or a health problem solved. (P30) 针灸疗法是把不锈钢针扎进身体的特定部位，从而使疾病得以治愈或使健康问题得到解决。

involve

v. [T not continuous]
to include someone or sth. in sth., or to make them take part in or feel part of it:
The second accident involved two cars and a lorry.
I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning.
[+ ing form of verb] The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart.
Research involving the use of biological warfare agents will be used for defensive purposes.
She's been involved with animal rights for many years.
It would be difficult not to involve the child's father in the arrangements.
involvement

n. [C or U]
The team's continued involvement in the competition is uncertain.
Being on the committee is one involvement I could do without.

3. Some people have also used acupuncture to treat addictions to cigarettes. (P31) 有些人也用针灸来治疗烟瘾。

addiction

n. [C or U]
drug addiction
his addiction to alcohol

addicted

adj.
By the age of 14 he was addicted to heroin.
I'm addicted to (= I very often eat/drink) chocolate/lattes.
I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately become hopelessly addicted.
addictive

adj. 1) An addictive drug is one which you cannot stop taking once you have started:
Tobacco is highly addictive.
2) describes an activity or food that you cannot stop doing or eating once you have started:
The problem with video games is that they're addictive.
These nuts are addictive - I can't stop eating them.

4. Another theory suggests that acupuncture promotes the production of chemicals in the body which reduce pain. (P31) 另一个理论提出针灸促进了身体里减少疼痛的化学物质的产生。
suggest

v. [T] 1) to mention an idea, possible plan or action for other people to consider:
They were wondering where to hold the office party and I suggested the Italian restaurant near the station.
FORMAL Might I suggest a white wine with your salmon, sir?
[+ (that)] I suggest (that) we wait a while before we make any firm decisions.
Liz suggested (that) I try the shop on Mill Road.
[+ ing form of verb] I suggested putting the matter to the committee.
[+ question word] Can you suggest where I might find a chemist's?
2) to communicate or show an idea or feeling without stating it directly or giving proof:
[+ (that)] There's no absolute proof, but all the evidence suggests (that) he's guilty.
Are you suggesting (that) I look fat in these trousers?
Something about his manner suggested a lack of interest in what we were doing.
suggestion

n. [C or U]
I don't know what to wear tonight - have you got any suggestions?
She made some very helpful suggestions but her boss rejected them all.
[+ that] They didn't like my suggestion that we should all share the cost.
I have a few favourite restaurants that I tend to go back to, but I'm always open to new suggestions (= willing to try new ones that people suggest).
I went to the Park Street dentist's at Ann's suggestion (= as a result of Ann suggesting it) and I was really impressed.

promote

v. [T] 1) to raise someone to a higher or more important position or rank:
If I'm not promoted within the next two years, I'm going to change jobs.
She's just been promoted to senior sales rep.
If Coventry City win this match, they'll be promoted to the Premier League.

2) to encourage the popularity, sale, development or existence of sth.:
Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products.
The Institute is intended to promote an understanding of the politics and culture of the Arab world.
Greenpeace works to promote awareness of the dangers that threaten our planet today.
It has long been known that regular exercise promotes all-round good health.

promotion

n. 1) [C or U] activities to advertise sth.:
a sales promotion
There was a promotion in the supermarket and they were giving away free glasses of wine.
Obviously as sales manager he'll be very involved in the promotion and marketing of the product.
2) [U] when sth. is encouraged to happen or develop:
the promotion of a healthy lifestyle

3) when someone is raised to a higher or more important position or rank:
Did Steve get/Was Steve given the promotion he wanted?
The job offers excellent promotion prospects.
Fiorentina's win against Palermo last night has considerably increased their chances of promotion this season.                

《牛津版高中英语阅读课教学》课例研究

—M7 Unit 3  The world online –Reading

The effects of the internet on our lives (1)

摘  要：为了更好地在高中英语课堂教学中贯彻落实《英语课程标准》，优化英语课堂教学，促进课堂教学质量的提高,我校提出了“组织学习”课堂教学基本模式，我们高二英语组所有教师参与了本课例研究。

关键词：课例研究  组织学习 “师-生”互动、“生-生”互动

研究主题：如何进行高中英语阅读课教学

教学内容：牛津版高中英语教材Student’s Book 7  

Unit 3  The world online –Reading  The effects of the internet on our lives (1)

教学年级：高中二年级

背景

近年来，课堂教学改革正呈风起云涌之势在全国展开，大家都在为追求课堂教学的高效率而努力。为了实现我校教育教学质量的可持续发展与提升，我校提出了“组织学习”课堂教学基本模式。该课堂结构采用二分法，前一部分时间约为40分钟，后一部分约为5分钟（用于引导学生对下一课内容的预习），前40分钟主要是由教师引导学生根据事先下发的“导学案”的要求进行小组讨论并由各小组代表讲解及展示相关知识内容，老师可进行点拨，大力开展“师-生”互动、“生-生”互动，在互动中凸显问题，在互动中达成共识，在互动中解决重点和难点。根据此方案的要求，我们英语组积极投身到该方案的探索与实践中，以便更好地在高中英语课堂教学中贯彻落实《英语课程标准》，优化英语课堂教学，促进我校英语教学质量的再提高。

一、原始课例

经过研究教师的共同商讨，本课时上的是Senior English for China Student’s Book 7,Unit 3中的Reading  The effects of the internet on our lives (1)部分，属于“阅读课”。

首先,在复习上一课Welcome to the unit中“A world of connections”的基础上，导入本课时“Reading ”的教学。由“What do you often do on the internet in your lives? 导到“What effects does the internet on our lives?”上。使学生知道老师的意图是让学生谈论The effects of the internet on our lives”,然后分组讨论导学案中A部分的三个问题。1 What are the speeches about ? 2 How many points does the first speaker make? 3 What points does the second speaker make?教师参与并指导各组同学的讨论，以期达到教学目标。几分钟后由每组代表展示讨论结果。

接下来引导学生讨论本文的结构（导学案中B部分）,并由各组代表分别展示讨论结果,目的在于帮助学生把握文章的篇章结构。之后，引导学生进入文章的细节理解部分（导学案中C部分）。继续让各组学生讨论下面的问题：

1 How well did you understand the arguments made by the speakers ? Read the facts below and write down the arguments each fact supports .

2          

    Ask the students to read the following quotes from the speeches in groups and write “for” for the arguments that support Internet use , or “against ”for the arguments that do not support Internet uses。

1） People can write anything they want, and we cannot always tell if the information is true or false.

2） Of regular Internet users, 80 per cent mainly use it to search for answers to questions.

3） Some experts say that spending too much time building Internet relationships can damage people’s abilities to live normal lives.

4） With the Internet, people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can communicate with the outside world and meet others with similar interests.

5）One of the benefits of Internet friendships is that they are based on common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity.

6） As the Internet has gained popularity,  there has been an interesting change in the way people, particularly families, spend their time.

接下来进入Listening and testing （导学案中D课堂检测部分）目的在于检测学生对文章的理解程度。

最后分组讨论（导学案中E部分）：Does the Internet do us good or bad? Discuss it in pairs and write a short passage according to the following requirements:

        1 With the development of technology,the internet is widely used in our lives.

 2 Andvantages and disadvantages

        3 Your opinions about using the internet.

并由各组代表报告他们的讨论结果。目的在于进一步强化他们的口笔头输出训练，同时给学生深层思考和综合运用语言的机会，更能帮助学生明确正确的网络观，因为事实越辨越请，道理越想越明。课后作业是进一步完成该篇小短文的写作，进一步培养学生的语言表达能力。

二、课后反思

使用原始课例上课以后，参与研究的教师和指导教师认真听课并作详细记录。他们对这一“阅读课”的课型予以肯定，同时也提出了很多修改性意见，同时我自己也对整个过程进行了反思。应该说课堂的安排符合阅读课的基本结构。但是我隐约觉得还有点缺憾。我们能否在分析两篇演讲词的基础上进一步升华一下呢？即能否让学生根据两位演讲同学的结论，引导学生讨论，引发学生自己的正确的网络观。这样不仅能给学生的深层思考和综合运用语言的机会，更能帮助学生明确正确的网络观，因为事实越辨越请，道理越想越明。此外，文章的结构则更为完美。如果老师再能引导学生在两篇演讲稿之前加上一个Introduction,将使文章结构更完整,整个课堂锦上添花。

三、改进课例

在原始课例的基础上，根据本人和全组教师的改进意见，进一步设计了课堂教学过程。即在最后分组讨论部分（导学案中E部分）安排了两个环节：

一）让学生根据课文的两篇演讲稿，引导学生讨论，同时给文章加一个结尾，并引导学生试着在两篇演讲稿之前加上一个Introduction。

二）Discussing and writing

Does the Internet do us good or bad? Discuss it in pairs and write a short passage according to the following requirements:

        1 With the development of technology,the internet is widely used in our lives.

 2 Andvantages and disadvantages

        3 Your opinions about using the internet.

并由各组代表报告他们的讨论结果。目的在于进一步强化他们的口笔头输出训练，同时给学生深层思考和综合运用语言的机会，更能帮助学生明确正确的网络观，因为事实越辨越请，道理越想越明。课后作业是进一步完成该篇小短文的写作，进一步培养学生的语言表达能力。

四、再生课例

经过全组教师共同努力，一个比较成功的课例诞生了。在指导教师和研究教师的共同参与下，再一次实施课堂教学。学生主动参与进来，举手发言，争先恐后。课堂气氛极为活跃,整个课堂的结构与第一次课相比较,更加完美流畅了。

五、启示

通过本课例的研究，我们进一步明确了高中英语课堂教学策略是值得研究的，也是无穷无尽的。研究的过程是教师自我提高的过程，也是把握课堂，学生互动，自主学习，主动学习的过程。课例研究最大的目的是使得课堂教学变得更加容易操作，具备很强的示范性。同时也向我们说明了一个问题：集体的力量是大的，集体的智慧是无穷的。

参考文献

<1> 陈琳、王蔷、程晓堂，《英语课程标准解读》，北京师范大学出版社，2002

<2> 鲁子问，《中小学英语教育实验理论与实践》，中国电力出版社，2004

<3> 皮连生，《教学设计》，高等教育出版社，2000

<4> 束必权，牛津高中英语7《金色教案》，书海出版社，2008

<5> 王守仁 何锋，牛津高中英语7教师教学用书,译林出版社 2008 

附:

Unit 3 The world online

Reading: The effects of the Internet on our lives

课堂检测 2009-03-15  ( 6 分钟 )

一 Read the following quotes from the speeches and write for for the arguments that support Internet use, or against for the arguments that do not support Internet use

1. People can write anything they want, and we cannot always tell if the information is true or false.(    )

2 .Of regular Internet users, 80 per cent mainly use it to search for answers to questions.(     )

3 .Some experts say that spending too much time building Internet relationships can damage people’s abilities to live normal lives.(    )

4. With the Internet, people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can communicate with the outside world and meet others with similar interests.(    )

5. One of the benefits of Internet friendships is that they are based on common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity.(     )

6. As the Internet has gained popularity, there has been an interesting change in the way people, particularly families, spend their time.(     )

二 According to the text, choose the best answer.

1. According to the survey, children use the Internet mostly to _____.

 A. chat  B. play games  C. help with their studies  D. advance knowledge about hobbies

2. What is the most important thing in building a friendship?

  A. common interests     B. appearance    C. age       D. popularity

3. What is the worst problem of eBay?

A. false information    B. people don’t know how to use a computer

C. things selling on the Internet don’t exist   D. people are used to the traditional ways of buying

4. The clinic was opened to____________.

A. help people surf the Internet         B. be an Internet café

C. make people spend their time with their family   

D. help people who are addicted to computer games.