1，   elucidate解释说明 elucidate the reasons for the accident 解释事故的原因

inspire 赋予某人灵感，启迪be greatly inspired by the beautiful scenery 受到美景的启迪—〉inspiring 启发灵感，鼓舞人心的inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的演讲

~~~enlightening 使人领悟的，茅塞顿开的 enlightening explanation 使人茅塞顿开的解释 most of the lectures today are neither informative nor enlightening 如今很多的大学课堂既无教育性也无启发性

2，   insight 洞察力，深刻的见解 a man of great insight 很有见识的人 provide insight into sth 让某人对—有深入的了解 gain insight into sth 获得了深刻的了解

after a detailed investigation, she gained some insights into his design work 经过一番详细的调查之后，她对他的设计工作有了些许见解

Your ideas are well-grounded/insightful 你的观点很有见解

4, 到海外旅行可以很好的了解当地人民；也能深入的了解不同的价值体系和文化差异

Trips to overseas countries can get you closer to the people there and also provide you i

定语从句

--〉句子作定语

名词+{关系代词（that, which, who） +句子}à完整句子（关系代词在从句中作成份：主语，宾语）

关系代词没有复数

我昨天见到的孩子　the boy who/that I met yesterday

住在我隔壁的人the man who lives next door.

关系代词作宾语可以省略，做主语不能省略

我在夜市上买的衣服the clothes I bought at a night market

加“，”的定语从句，表明名词独一无二 ,物体用which, 人用who 

The earth , which is home to us humans, is the third largest planet of the solar system 人类的家园地球是太阳系第三大行星

Zhang yimo, who has got a reputation for bold creativity and imagination both at home and abroad, worked hard with his fine team to present this unprecedented sport gala opening ceremony 张艺谋因其创造性和想象力而蜚声海内外，与团队努力奋斗，推出了前所未有的体育盛宴开幕式

注意一张单程票：没有逗号的定语从句可以变成有逗号的定语从句

介词+关系代词 which 如果表示时间= when;如

The students’ English there reflects the particular Vietnamese values. 那里学生的英语反映了越南人独有的价值观

1, reflect the particular values 反映出独特的价值观 the modern TV shows reflect the particular values and taste of today。当代的电视节目反映了如今独特的价值观和审美观，女孩子要有点男孩子的样子，男孩子要有点女孩子的妩媚。传统标准看来绝对无法接受，但是如今却大行其道

Girls are expected to assume a bit male trait and boys are expected to possess a bit lady’s charm and beauty, which was totally unacceptable by traditional standard but prevails today. 

Reflect 反映出 reflect the progress of modern times, 反映出现代社会的进步

他的嚣张恰恰反映了他内心的恐惧和抓狂his aggressiveness just reflects his fear, panic and desperation in the depth of his heart.

2, particular 特殊的，特别的，特有的this is a particular case 这是特殊情况 for a particular purpose 为了特殊目的

In particular 尤其，特别　ｉｌｏｖｅ　ａｌｌ　ｋｉｎｄｓ　ｏｆ　ｆｒｕｉ

Maintaining a sharp eye

Different attitudes towards gift-giving 对待送礼的不同态度

Hold a positive /negative attitude toward sth 对什么持有积极/消极的态度

对待结婚生子持有否定态度的人增加了 negative attitudes toward marriage and parenthood have increased.

随着生活成本和生活压力的增加，对结婚持有否定态度的人增加了as the living cost and pressure rises, negative attitudes toward marriage increase too.

People’s attitudes towards gift-giving may vary from country to country, even though the desire to convey a feeling of friendship is often universal. 尽管希望借礼物传达友谊的愿望差不多是全球共有的，但是人们对送礼的态度则可能因国度而异

1，   vary from country to country 因国度而异= differ from country to country

性格因人而异 character varies/differs from person to person = very folk has his stroke （笔画）

虽然每个人的故事都有差异，但也是大同小异，显然他们都是诈骗案的受害者

The stories told vary from pe

Put in use

Every employee has to be trained before being put into work positions. 在投入工作岗位之前，每个员工都要接受培训

1，Be trained in专业是什么= be majoring in  I am well trained in laws 我受过法律系的良好培训

I am trained for nothing 我的书都白念了

2， be put into work positions 投入岗位开始工作

新招收的员工什么时候可以开始上班when the new staff can be put into work positions.

One problem we have here is who will train and supervise the new staff/employees we hire. These days we are a bit shorthanded, and it costs a lot to train new employees

What kind of training are you going to offer? /what kind of training do you have in your mind

我们的问题是谁来培训和监管新员工，这些天我们人手有点不够，培训新员工成本很大

你想提供什么样的培训呢

1，Supervise the employees 监管员工 监工 supervisor 工头 foreman

监/窃听设备 eavesdropping system  eaves dropper 偷听者

2， be shorthanded

Avoid sth 避免碰到avoid dangers 避免危险 avoid meeting each other 不要见面 avoid taxes避税 evade taxes 逃税àevasive eyes 躲闪的目光tax cheating and evasion 偷税漏税

=Keep/steer clear of sth/sb 避免碰到或者见到 keep clear of the dangers and risks,  keep clear of him 避免见到他steer clear of the iceberg 避免撞上冰山

This bridge offers 2-way and six-lane traffic 这座桥设有双向六车道

钱江大桥从桥面到水面距离为40米，万吨油轮畅通其下。远远望去，大桥犹如巨龙，横卧在碧波之上，气势磅礴。大桥设有双向六车道。两边各有一条2米宽的人行道

The qianjiang river bridge stands 40 meters above the water and offers easy passage/navigation for huge tankers. When viewed/seen from a distance, the bridge looks like a huge dragon, spanning the clear water with great magnificence. The bridge provides 2-way and six-lane traffic. It also has two 2-meter pavements at both sides.

It had been raining most of the day, and by the time we got on the freeway,

Keep sb to the straight and narrow path 让某人循规蹈矩 –〉get sb back onto the right track 让某人浪子回头

Get the company back onto the right track 让公司回到正轨

I like to have everything under control, and I don’t want nay last-minute panic 我希望一切尽在掌握，不希望最后一刻慌张

Have something under control 处于控制之下（状态） bring sth under control 让---处于控制之下（动作）

经过几天的奋斗之后，大火总算得到了控制 after days of hard work and fight, we finally brought the fire under control.

Have the last-minute panic 最后一刻慌慌张张 I couldn’t find my ticket at the boarding gate and really had a last minute panic 我找不到票了，在登机门口慌慌张张

Leave sb in fear and panic 惊恐 the prospect of defeat in the war left the whole nation in fear and panic 战争可能要打败，这一阴影让全国人民惊恐一片

Be panic stricken 吓坏了 a little boy got bitten by a fierce dog and the rest were panic stricken 一个小孩子被恶狗咬了

Listen and conclude

They named Roger Smith president last week, didn’t they?

Yeah, that cool and inexperienced young man.

He just needs some time. Oh, speaking of time, I have got to run. Bye

Me, too. Nice to have met you

1，Name sb +职位 任命某人某一个职位 name sb the president of the committee 任命某人为委员会的主席

Nominate sb 职位 任命/提名某人某职位 nominate sb vice-director of the institute 任命某人为研究所副所长

Nominee of the Oscar award 获得奥斯卡奖提名的人

2，Inexperienced = lack experiences经验欠缺的，veteran 老道的 a veteran businessman 一个经验丰富的生意人 sophisticated 世故的，老练的 sophisticated big city citizens 世故的大城市人

he just needs time 他需要时间成长，需要磨练 speaking of time, I have got to run 说道时间，我要赶紧走了。

Speak of the devil 说道曹操曹操就到

1，   nice to meet you 见面之初 nice meeting you=nice to have met you 见面结束的时候

the way Am

 1Unit one Greeting and introducing people

Greeting people and giving responses 打招呼及回答

Exchange greetings with each other 寒暄

Greet sb with a warm hug 见面时热烈拥抱 greet sb with a punch on the shoulder 见面时再肩膀上捶一拳

girls usually greet each other with a warm hug, while boys with a punch on the shoulder 女人见面互相拥抱，男孩子可能挥拳问候

response 答复，回应 I have given you an email about this matter, but have not got your response.

Meet with responses from the public 受到了群众的反响in a terrible accident three people died and 5 more got hut.  such a tragedy has met with a lot of responses from the public, people generally hope the drunk killer will be severely punished. 这一悲剧引起了人们的巨大反响，他们普遍要求严惩酒后驾车人员

In response to sth 作为对---的回应 in response to this recent price cut from our rivals, we decide to lower our price too. 为了回应我们竞争者的降价，我们也决定降下价

The internet has, over the past 8 years, evolved from a university and military network into a universal information system that spans the world and has re-invented business 过去八年的时间内，因特网已经从大学和军队的网络发展成为通用的信息系统，它覆盖了全世界并创造出新的行业

Over the years, our experimental work has gone through ups and downs 多年来我们的试验工作几经起伏。

Evolve 进化 the theory of evolution 进化论—〉the fittest wins out at the expense of the rivals 优胜劣汰

Establish /build sth into 将---大造成 ， upgrade sth into 升级大造成

Upgrade the old industrial zone into a modern design center 将老工业区升级大造成设计中心

Universally accepted/recognized practices 国际惯例，通行的规则

众所周知 it is accepted by all /known to all-à your cooking is terrific, it is official 你的烹饪非常好，这个人人都知道

Span 横跨，包括（很多地区）涵盖（诸多领域）now the internet offers us virtually everything that spans almost all areas of