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电子商务充满商机,全世界2005B2B市场规模达8兆美元,已成為不可忽视之重要市场,网上交易即快速又经济,确实非常方便。不过网路上流窜许多鱼目混珠、真假莫辩,充满风险的商机,更有恶性诈欺者在上面设置陷井,静待猎物上门,已成为网路交易最大风险,故在网路上与素未谋面者打交道,务必特别谨慎,提高警觉,为防堵及防范我国厂商蒙受损失,我们特别整理一些防骗及避开经营风险之资料,供福步外贸论坛会员参考运用。如果你是外贸新人,不妨认真读一下福步为你精心整理的防骗识骗培训资料。
一、慎重筛除不适合之客户
(
)避开基本资料不全之对象
网路上基本资料不齐全之公司,大多公司规模甚小,太小的公司,不可能有像样的订单,财力也不够健全,充满不确定性之风险,并非良好交易对象,而且这些资料不全者中隐藏许多不肖份子在内,所以最好避开之。对方基本资料不全,比如只有电子信箱、传真兼电话、或连络困难者,皆应尽量避免接洽。
(
)避开电话与地址不相符合之对象
诸如公司地址在A国,却留B国之电话等,此类商机大多有问题,最好能避开。
(
)避开不合理询价之对象
对於出价太高之买主或以超低价贩售之卖主,不要轻易相信,超过市场行情之价格,表面上似有超额利润,事际上却可能含有许多潜在之风险,此类商机应尽量避免接洽。
二、务必审核客户之基本信用
对于资料齐全,看起来好像不错的公司也不能轻忽,以为就一定没有问题,有很多恶性诈欺的公司,往往利用精美网页或在知名网站刊登广告,以制造假象取信客户,最好的方法就是,初次交往前先找信调公司审核对方的基本信用,以过滤掉高风险及可能之不正当客户,保障交易安全。
当然信调公司本身素质亦非常重要,目前网路上有许多巧立名目的征信公司,没有营利登记证或登记不实年限,甚至连公司地址也没有,单留免费电话等客人上钩,请尽量使用外经贸推荐的优良国内信用调查公司或海外信调公司,签定合作协议,降低交易风险。
如果没有资金和渠道去做征信工作,有二件事情,是你可以做,也是应该做的:
a.
google搜索对方的公司简称,地址,电话,邮件地址,看看来自网络的情况,一般如果一点也搜索不到是很不正常的,一个正常的贸易公司不应该只和你联系过。如果有搜索到的内容,打开去看一下,或许别人已经在网路上投诉了,在福步就经常看到这样的投诉篇,下文还例举了福步网友的一些亲身遭遇。
b.
在吃不准的情况下,多和你的同事,老板一起交流;或者直接发布到福步外贸论坛,与更多外贸同仁一起分析。在发布的时候,请适当注意商业信息的保护,屏蔽掉一些关键内容。

世界各国客户上班时间(以8:00上班为准)在中国的时间对应表
国家(英文)   国家   代码     对应中国时间
亚洲
Bahrain       巴林     973       13:00
Burma      缅甸     95         9:30
D.P.R.Korea   朝鲜     850       7:00
India        印度     91         11:00
Indonesia   印度尼西亚 62         9:00
Iran       伊朗     98         13:00
Iraq         伊拉克   964       13:00
Israel       以色列   972       14:00
Japan       日本     81         7:00
Jordan       约旦     962       14:00
Kuwait       科威特   965       13:00
Laos       老挝     856       9:00
Lebanon     黎巴嫩   961     14:00
Malaysia     马来西亚   60       8:00
Maldives     马尔代夫   960       10:30
Nauru       瑙鲁     674       4:00
Nepal       尼泊尔   977       11:00
Oman       阿曼     968       12:00
Pakistan   巴基斯坦   92       11:00
Philippines 菲律宾   63       8:00
Qatar       卡塔尔     974       13:00
Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯   966       13:00
Singapore   新加坡     65       8:30
South Korea韩国       82       7:00
Srilanka     斯里兰卡     94       11:00
Syria         叙利亚     963     14: 00
Thailand     泰国       66       9:00
Yemen     也门       967     13:00
Turkey     土耳其       90     14:00
U.A.E       阿联酋     971     13:00
Vietnam     越南       84       9:00
  
欧洲
Albania     阿尔巴尼亚   355   15:00
Andorra     安道尔       376   16:00
Austria     奥地利       43   15:00
Belgium     比利时       32   15:00
Bulgaria   保加利亚     359   14:00
Cyprus     塞浦路斯     357   14:00
Czech     捷克         42   15:00
Denmark   丹麦         45 15:00
Dominica   多米尼加       1809 21:00
Finland     芬兰         358 14:00
France     法国         33 15:00
Germany   德国         49 15:00
Greece     希腊         30 14:00
Hungary   匈牙利       36 15:00
Iceland     冰岛         354   15:00
Ireland     爱尔兰       353 16:00
Italy       意大利         39   15:00
Liechtenstein 列支敦士登   4175 15:00
Luxemburg     卢森堡       352   15:00
Malta       马耳他`           356 15:00
Monaco     摩纳哥         3393   14:00
Netherlands   Holland荷兰   31   15:00
Norway     挪威           47   15:00
Poland     波兰           48   15:00
Portugal     葡萄牙         351   16:00
Romania     罗马尼亚         40   14:00
Slovakia     斯洛伐克         42   15:00
Spain       西班牙         34   15:00
Sweden  瑞典           46   15:00
U.K.       英国           44   16:00
Vatican     梵蒂冈         39   15:00
Yugoslavia   南斯拉夫         38   15:00

北美
国家(英文) 国家         代码   应中国时间
USA       美国             21:00
Canada     加拿大          21:00

拉美   
Belize       伯利兹       501     22:00
Brazil      巴西         55     19:00
Chile        智利         56     20:00
Cuba        古巴         53     21:00
Guatemala   危地马拉       502     22:00
Guyana     圭亚那       592     19:00
Haiti       海地         509     21:00
Honduras   洪都拉斯       504     22:00
Jamaica     牙买加         1809     20:00
Mexico       墨西哥         52     22:00
Panama     巴拿马       507     21:00
Peru       秘鲁         51     21:00
Uruguay     乌拉圭       589     19:00

南美
Argentina   阿根廷         54     19:00
Bolivia       玻利维亚       591     20:00
Chile       智利           56     20:00
Colombia   哥伦比亚         57     21:00
Ecuador     厄瓜多尔       593     21:00
Venezuela 委内瑞拉         58     21:00

澳洲   
Australia   澳大利亚         61     6:00
Togo      汤加         676     3:00
Nauru       瑙鲁         674     4:00

非洲
Algeria     阿尔及利亚     213   15:00
Angola     安哥拉       244   15:00
Burundi     布隆迪       257   14:00
Cameroon 喀麦隆       237   15:00
Chad       乍得       235   15:00
Congo     刚果       242   15:00
Egypt       埃及       20   14:00
Guinea     几内亚     224   16:00
Kenya     肯尼亚     254   13:00
Liberia     利比里亚     231   16:00
Libya       利比亚     218   14:00
Madagascar   马达加斯加 261   13:00
Mali        马里     223   16:00
Mauritius     毛里求斯   230   12:00
Morocco       摩洛哥     212   14:00
Niger       尼日尔     227   16:00
Nigeria       尼日利亚     234   15:00
Senegal       塞内加尔     221   16:00
Somali      索马里     252   13:00
Sudan         苏丹       249   14:00
Tanzania     坦桑尼亚   255   13:00
Togo       多哥       228   16:00     
Tunisia      突尼斯     216   15:00
Zaire         扎伊尔     243   15:00
Zambia       赞比亚     260   14:00
Zimbabwe     津巴布韦   263   14:00

澳大利亚国家航运公司            澳国航运  ANL
美国总统轮船(中国)有限公司        美国总统  APL
邦拿美船务有限公司             邦拿美   BNML
波罗的海航运公司              波罗的海  BOL
中波轮船股份公司              中波    C-P
南美邮船公司                南美邮船  CLAN
智利国家航运公司              智利航运  CCNI
中日国际轮渡有限公司            中日轮渡  CHINJ
天敬海运                  天敬海运  CK
达飞轮船(中国)有限公司          达飞轮船  CMA
京汉航运有限公司              京汉航运  CO-HE
中国远洋集装箱运输有限公司         中远集运  COSCON
朝阳(香港)有限公司上海办事处       朝阳公司  CYL
达贸国际轮船公司              达贸国际  DELIMA
德国胜利航运公司              德国胜利  DSEN
埃及国际船务公司              埃及船务  EILKL
长荣香港有限公司上海办事处         香港长荣  EMC
远东海洋轮船公司驻上海代表处        远东海洋  FESCO
金发船务有限公司              金发船务  GFNG
上海海华轮船公司              海华轮船  HASCO
浩洲船务公司                浩洲船务  HCSC
韩进海运(中国)有限公司          韩进海运  HJS
香港航运有限公司              香港海运  HKMSH
香港明华船务有限公司            香港明华  HKMW
赫伯罗特船务(中国)有限公司        赫伯罗特  HJSHA
现代商船株式会社上海代表处         现代商船  HMM
上海海隆轮船有限公司            海隆轮船  HNT
金华航运有限公司              金华航运  JH
川崎汽船(中国)有限公司          川崎汽船  KLINE
高丽海运株氏会社              高丽海运  KMTC
七星轮船有限公司              七星轮船  SSCL
上海育海航运公司              育海航运  SYH
上海中福轮船公司              中福轮船  SZFSC
墨西哥航运有限公司             墨西哥航运 TMM
上海天海货运有限公司            天海货运  TMSC
东航船务有限公司              东航船务  TOHO
宁波泛洋船务有限公司            宁波泛洋  TOS
阿拉伯联合国家轮船公司           阿拉伯轮船 UASC
立荣海运公司                立荣海运  UGL
环球船务有限公司              环球船务  UNIWD
万海航运股份有限公司            万海股份  WANHL
伟航船务有限公司              伟航船务  WH
阳明公司                  阳明公司  YML
以星轮船有限公司              以星轮船  ZIM
浙江远洋运输公司              浙江远洋  ZOSCO
联华航业(香港)有限公司上海办事      联华航业  LC
联丰船务有限公司              联丰船务  LIFEN
意大利邮船公司上海代表处          意邮船   LT
马来西亚国际航运有限公司          马国航运  MISC
商船三井(中国)有限公司          商船三井  MOLCN
瑞士地中海航运公司             地中海   MSC
马士基(中国)航运有限公司         马士基   MSL
民生神原海运有限公司            民生神原  MSKM
太古船务代理有限公司            太古船代  NGPL
渣华邮船(中国)有限公司          渣华邮船  NLL
新加坡海皇轮船有限公司           新海皇   NOLSH
北欧亚航运(中国)有限公司         北欧亚航  NORAS
宁波远洋运输公司              宁波远洋  NOSCO
南星海运株式会社              南星海运  NS
沙特阿拉伯国家航运公司           沙特航运  NSCSA
日本邮船(中国)有限公司          日本邮船  NYK
东方海外货柜航运(中国)有限公司      东方海外  OOCL
英国铁行箱运有限公司            英国铁行  P&O
泛洲海运                  泛洲海运  PC
太平船务有限公司              太平船务  PIL
泛洋商船株式会社              泛洋商船  POBU
瑞克麦斯轮船公司              瑞克麦斯  RILI
美商海陆联运(中国)有限公司上分      美商海陆  S/L
南非国家轮船有限公司            南非轮船  SAF
东映海运有限公司              东映海运  SBL
上海国际轮渡有限公司            国际轮渡  SFCO
中海发展股份有限公司            中海发展  CSD
长锦有限公司                长锦公司  SINKO
上海市锦江国际船务代理有限公司       锦江船代  SJJSA
中国对外贸易运输总公司           中外运   SNTBJ
志晓船务有限公司              志晓船务  SSC

                     如何查找国外客户的资料
1、分析咨询意图:查找产品制造商的详尽资料。权威资料应来自制造商的官方网站。 
2、设定检索途径:⑴分类网站搜索、⑵WEB搜索、⑶黄页搜索
3、选择搜索引擎:LOOKSMART、GOOGLE、YAHOO
4、确定并转换关键词:如:电动玩具--Electrically operated toy 、 工厂--factory、 制造商--Manufacturer 生产--Manufacturing、公司--company
5、在搜索引擎中试检,校正并确定关键词。
6、构建检索式,查找并筛选结果。 
   ① “Electrically operated toy company” 
   ② “Electrically operated toy factory” 
   ③ “Electrically operated toy Manufacturing” 
   ④ “Electrically operated toy Manufacturer” 
   ⑤ “'battery operated toy' factory OR company OR Manufacturing”(也可以分解为三个简单的检索式)
(注:输入时不带中文引号)
    在LOOKSMART的DIRECTORY中检索均有结果,YAHOO无结果
    在GOOGLE中WEB检索均有结果
    也可以用⑥“Toy Company Electrically operated toy”,进而⑦“'Toy Company' Electrically operated toy”或    ⑧“'Toy Company' Battery-Operated Toy ”扩检与缩检。
    还可以用布尔NOT⑨“'Toy Company' -manual”缩检。
7、如:用“Electrically operated toy company” 
   在GOOGLE中WEB检索结果的第一项即是“Antique Toy Company Infomation”            http://www.antiquetoys.com/companies.html),一个按字顺排列的玩具公司一览表,依此,再用公司名称为关键词在GOOGLE等引擎中搜索,以获得某公司的详细信息。如检索“Acme Toy Works”,有“Acme Home Page” http://www.acmetoycompany.com/ ),其中有详细的地址、电话、传真、E-MAIL 等信息。 
   又如:用“'battery operated toy' factory TEL OR E-MAIL”可以直接查出有关信息,其结果第一项即是“Toy Factory Manufacturer Manufacturing -B2B Directory China,Taiwan ”http://www.manufacturers.com.tw/ ... actorys-taiwan.html),台湾玩具厂目录
8、用国外yellow page查找(有关黄页工具与检索方法,请参阅有关资料)
9、利用搜索引擎的Products从产品角度查找企业线索 
10、如限定查找某一国家或地区的相关信息,最好使用site:搜索语法,“site:域名后缀+关键词”。
如:⑩“site:US site:us Electrically operated toy company”,约有 111 项符合site:us Electrically operated toy company的查询结果。
    查找国外“客户资料”的方法与途径很多,关键是选准关键词,正确组织检索式,选对搜索引擎,掌握正确的检索方法。

                                   寻找客户新方法
第一类:搜索引擎
方法1:Importers方法
操作方法:在Google中输入产品名称+importers。
例如:MP3 player+importers
小技巧:可以用importer替代importers
还可以在GOOGLE在不同的国家搜。例如。WWW.GOOGLE.COM.UK WWW.GOOGLE.COM.CA
方法2 关键词上加引号
操作方法:搜索“产品名称 importer”或者“产品名称 importers”,在键入时将引号一起输入。
方法3 Distributor方法
操作方法:搜索产品名称+ Distributor
方法4 其他类型目标客户搜索
操作方法:产品名称+其他客户类型(相关目标客户的词语除了importer,distributor,还包括buyer,company,wholesaler,retailer,supplier,vendor及其复数形式。
方法5 Price 方法
操作方法:搜索Price+产品名称
方法6 buy方法
操作方法:搜索buy+产品名称
方法7 国家名称限制方法
操作方法:在前面6种方法的基础上加入国家名称限制
方法8 关联产品法
操作方法:产品名称+关联产品名称
方法9 market research方法
操作方法:产品名称+market research
方法10 著名买家法
操作方法:产品名称+你的行业里面著名买家的公司简称或者全称
方法11 观察搜索引擎右侧广告
操作方法:搜索产品名称后,查看搜索结果右侧广告
方法12 寻找行业展览网站
注:时间问题,部分小技巧省略
某些方法是要部分财力投入的,对我们这些中小企业来说,可以从免费入手,一步步来发展。

                如何在网上高效搜索客户

 

1.使用逻辑词辅助查找
   比较大的搜索引擎都支持使用逻辑词进行更复杂的搜索界定,常用的有:AND(和)、OR(或)、NOT(否,有些是AND NOT)及NEAR(两个单词的靠近程度),恰当应用它们可以使结果非常精确,另外,也可以使用括号将搜索词分别组合,如在http://www.liszt.con(Liszt)里(music or jazz) and edu) not (“bill morrissey“ or indiana)。
  2.使用双引号进行精确查找
  如果查找的是一个词组或多个汉字,最好的办法就是将它们用双引号括起来,这样得到的结果最少、最精确。例如在搜索引擎的Search(查询)框中输入“search engine“,这会比输入search engine得到更少、更好的结果。如果按上述方法查不到任何结果,可以去掉双引号试试。
   3.使用加减号限定查找
  很多搜索引擎 都支持在搜索词前冠以加号(+)限定搜索结果中必须包含的词汇,用减号(-)限定搜索结果不能包含的词汇。
  4.有针对性地选择搜索引擎
  用不同的搜索引擎进行查询得到的结果常常有很大的差异,这是因为它们的设计目的和发展走向存在着许多的不同,比如ejanews(http://www.dejanews.com)是专用于USENET的搜索引擎,而Liszt(http://www.liszt.com)则是针对邮递列表、IRC等的搜索引擎 。
  5.逐步细化法
  按照搜索引擎的分类一层一层地点击下去,这对一些关键字不太确定的资料查询十分有效。Yahoo把网上的各种资料归类整理,分得很细,有休闲与运动、娱乐、健康与医药、艺术与人文等很多类别,而且有每一大类的链接进入后分成很多小类,一层一层地进入链接,分类也就越来越细,离你的目标也就越来越近。由于都是链接形式,所以使用起来又方便又简单,不用我多说了吧。
  6.根据要求选择查询方法
  如果需要快速找到一些相关性比较大的信息,可以使用目录式搜索引擎 的查找功能,如使用Yahoo(http://www.yahoo.com)。如果想得到某一方面比较系统的资源信息,可以使用目录一级一级地进行查找。如果要找的信息比较冷门,应该用比较大的全文搜索引擎查找,如Altavista(http://www.altavista.digital.com/)或Hotbot(http://www.hotbot.com/)
  7.注意细节
  在Internet上进行查询时如果能注意一些细节问题,常常能增加搜索结果的准确性,如许多搜索引擎都区分字母的大小写,因此,如果您正在搜索人名或地名等关键词,应该正确使用它们的大小写字母形式。
  8.利用搜索引擎 的特性进行查找
  不同的搜索引擎有一些专用的特性,应用它们可以使查询事半功倍,比如:若想知道某个新闻组上最近一段时间发表的文章,可以在Dejanews的查找框中输入“~g 组名“,例如“~g comp.lang.java.programmer“。
  9.使用多元搜索引擎
  多元搜索引擎 是一种只需输入一次关键词就可以对多个搜索引擎 进行查询的搜索代理网站,如Searchspaniel(http://www.searchspaniel.com/)就可以同时对200多个搜索引擎进行查询。
  10.利用选项界定查询
  目前越来越多的搜索引擎开始提供更多的查询选项,利用这些选项人们可以轻松地构造比较复杂的搜索模式,进行更为精确的查询,并且能更好地控制查询结果的显示。

国际贸易英语词汇集锦#1
贸易价格术语
trade term / price term 价格术语
world / international market price 国际市场价格
FOB (free on board) 离岸价
C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价
CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价
freight 运费
wharfage 码头费
landing charges 卸货费
customs duty 关税
port dues 港口税
import surcharge 进口附加税
import variable duties 进口差价税
commission 佣金
return commission 回佣,回扣
price including commission 含佣价
net price 净价
wholesale price 批发价
discount / allowance 折扣
retail price 零售价
spot price 现货价格
current price 现行价格 / 时价
indicative price 参考价格
customs valuation 海关估价
price list 价目表
total value 总值

贸易保险术语#2
All Risks  一切险
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average)  平安险
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average)  水渍险
War Risk  战争险
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage)  淡水雨淋险
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination  混杂、玷污险
Risk of Leakage  渗漏险
Risk of Odor  串味险
Risk of Rust 锈蚀险
Shortage Risk 短缺险
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险
Strikes Risk 罢工险

贸易机构词汇 #3
WTO (World Trade Organization)  世界贸易组织
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织
CTG (Council for Trade in Goods)  货币贸易理事会
EFTA (European Free Trade Association)  欧洲自由贸易联盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area)  东盟自由贸易区
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)  
联合国贸易与发展会议
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)  关贸总协定

贸易方式词汇#4
stocks  存货,库存量
cash sale 现货
purchase 购买,进货
bulk sale 整批销售,趸售
distribution channels  销售渠道
wholesale 批发
retail trade  零售业
hire-purchase 分期付款购买
fluctuate in line with market conditions  随行就市
unfair competition  不合理竞争
dumping 商品倾销  
dumping profit margin 倾销差价,倾销幅度
antidumping  反倾销
customs bond 海关担保
chain debts  三角债
freight forwarder 货运代理
trade consultation  贸易磋商
mediation of dispute  商业纠纷调解
partial shipment 分批装运
restraint of trade  贸易管制
RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements)  区域贸易安排  
favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差  
unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差
special preferences 优惠关税  
bonded warehouse 保税仓库  
transit trade 转口贸易
tariff barrier  关税壁垒
tax rebate 出口退税
TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade)  技术性贸易壁垒

进出口贸易词汇 #5

commerce, trade, trading  贸易
inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易
international trade 国际贸易
foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易,外贸
import, importation 进口
importer  进口商
export, exportation  出口
exporter  出口商
import licence  进口许口证
export licence 出口许口证
commercial transaction 买卖,交易
inquiry  询盘
delivery  交货
order  订货
make a complete entry  正式/完整申报
bad account  坏帐
Bill of Lading 提单
marine bills of lading  海运提单
shipping order 托运单
blank endorsed  空白背书
endorsed  背书
cargo receipt  承运货物收据
condemned goods  有问题的货物  
catalogue 商品目录
customs liquidation 清关
customs clearance 结关

贸易伙伴术语 #6

trade partner 贸易伙伴
manufacturer  制造商,制造厂
middleman 中间商,经纪人
dealer  经销商
wholesaler  批发商
retailer, tradesman 零售商
merchant 商人,批发商,零售商
concessionaire, licensed dealer  受让人,特许权获得者
consumer 消费者,用户
client, customer  顾客,客户
buyer  买主,买方
carrier 承运人
consignee 收货人

经常会听到刚做外贸的朋友一直在抱怨,称其1个月来联系了10多个客户,但一个没回。但也有些朋友会说才联系了一部分客户,就有 几个对自己的产品很感兴趣,现在正在谈下样品的事宜。

事实上,大家最烦的就是客户不回复,但在买方市场的今天却又很正常,但如我们能改进我们的联系方法,回复率必增很多;切勿采取大包围的方式与客户联系,因为其实际效果一定不会好的,一般很难给你带来实质成交!


如你与某外商第一次联系,这里给大家一个标准的联系函格式,请参考:

邮件标题:客户求购的产品名称

邮件内文:

To:客户公司名称

Attn:客户人名

Re:客户求购的产品名称

We are pleased to get to konw that you are presently on the market for产品名称,and as a specialized manufacturer and exporter for this product in China,we sincerely hope to establish business relations with your esteemed corporation.

Herewith pls find our competitive offer as flws:

Product:

Specification:

packing:

Quantity:as per yr requirement

Payment: L/C sight

Shipment:prompt

If the product we offered above is some different from what you require actually,kindly inform us in detail,we will be pleased to re-offer you as per yr actual requirements asap.

Pls note that the product pictures will be sent to you upon yr request,and a small sample could also be sent to you for yr final checking if the price is finally acceptable.

To konw more about our corporation,kindly visit our website:www.

Pls kindly check and revert at yr earlist.

B.RGDS/落款

Co: Add: Tel: Fax: E-mail:




几点说明:

1,邮件标题只能是客户求购的产品名称,而不要加其它的任何多余语言,这样,客户打开你邮件的可能性一般可达到100%;

2,开头语简洁带过证明你是专业而老练的商人,可立即拉近与客户的距离,而对商人来说过多的寒喧实在是多余;

不少人喜欢一开始就说从何得知该客户的,我们建议你,一般情况下最好不用提,客户在那里发布过求购信息,客户自己知道,多说多余;

3,开头语特忌讳主动过多介绍自己,因为会给人一种推销的感觉,给人的第一感觉就不好,事实上,没有几个客户会有耐心来阅读你的长篇介绍的,不主动过多介绍自己将一定反而会给客户一种很自信、很专业的印象,这种印象对你来说是非常重要的;

那么,“过多”的标准是什么呢?我们认为,介绍性语言超过两句即是“过多”!

4,简洁开头后,你必须立即进入正文,即报价,因为客户最关心的无非是产品规格与价格而已,你如不能提供客户想要的东西,客户回你干吗?立即进入报价,证明你是专业做该行的,你是有诚意、实实在在想做生意的,大家的时间都很宝贵,都不想浪费时间,特别是欧美商人更是如此;

有人说,客户询盘中规格说的不全,无法报价,事实上,没有那个外商会在询盘中一次就把要求说完的,你可估摸着试探性报,报错了没关系,这只是证明你是专业的、多年做该行的,如所报的规格与客户所要的不符,客户一般会很快回复你并详细告诉你他所需产品的具体要求的;有人总喜欢第一次联系客户时就问东问西的,有些国家的客户(如印度、韩国)可能会耐心回你,但对大多数欧美客商(如美国)来说,他们一般是不会回复该类邮件的;

5,所报的价必须是实价,必须与现有的市场行情相吻合,价太低,客户知道你不是做该行,不会理你;价太高也会吓跑客户,客户也不会回你,所以,切勿乱报价,应了解清楚了、多比较后再报,对新产品、对外贸公司来说这点尤其重要;

6,第一次联系客户时,除非客户在询盘中提出,最好不要主动附上图片,以免被删或被国外反垃圾邮件软件拦截;

7,与客户第一次联系最好用HOTMAIL邮箱,或在邮件中另附上你的HOTMAIL邮箱,因为垃圾邮件泛滥的原因,中国越来越多的邮件服务器被国外打入黑名单,你发的邮件可能最终进不了客户的邮箱,或客户回你的邮件你也收不到,这种情况已越来越严重,而用HOTMAIL邮箱一般不会有这方面的问题;

8,强烈建议:如你想与某外商联系,如你不能报出有一定竟争力的价格,请最好不要联系客户,既然报不了价自然就成不了,不仅客户很可能不会理你,你又何必浪费你及外商宝贵的工作时间呢?对外贸公司来说,何不在货源上多下点功夫,效果一定好很多!

总之,你联系客户的目地无非是为了争取能最终成交,而要能最终实现成交的目地,你起码总要迈过产品规格相符、出口报价适当这两个槛,直接洽谈这两个最重要的问题,不仅外商喜欢,也必能大大缩短成交的进程,大家何乐何不为呢?

商业英语书信(续)(2009-10-09 18:42)
15. We thank you for the anticipated favour of your early reply.
16. We should appreciate an early reply.
17. We thank you in anticipation of your usual courteous prompt attention.
18. We thank you now for the courtesy of your early attention.
19. We hope to receive your reply with the least possible delay.
20. Kindly reply at your earliest convenience.
21. Please send your reply by the earliest delivery.
22. Please send your reply by messenger.
23. Please reply immediately.
24. Please favour us with your reply as early as possible.
25. Please write to us by tonight's mail, without fail.
26. May we remind you that we are still awaiting your early reply.
27. May we request the favour of your early reply?
28. A prompt reply would help us greatly.
29. A prompt reply will greatly oblige us.
30. Your prompt reply would be greatly appreciated.
31. Your prompt attention to this matter would be greatly esteemed.
32. We look forward to receiving your early reply.
33. We thank you now for this anticipated courtesy.
34. As the matter is urgent, an early reply will oblige.
35. We reply on receiving your reply by return of post.
(2)回信请用电报,等。
1. We await your reply by telegraph.
2. Please wire reply to our telegram of this morning.
3. We are anxiously awaiting your reply by telegram.
4. Please arrange for your telegraphic reply, or long distance call, to reach us before noon on Monday.
5. Cable reply immediately, using Western Union Code.
6. Please acknowledge by wire the receipt of these instructions.
7. Please do not fail to telegraph your reply immediately on receipt of this letter.
8. Please telegraph your decision without delay as we have offers awaiting.
9. Please telegraph reply immediately, our offices will be open until 9 p.m.
10. Oblige us by replying by telegram before noon tomorrow, as we have another offer.
11. Inform us by telegram of your lowest quotations.
12. Wire me at the Grand Hotel. Yokohama, before noon.
13. Wire in time for us to write you in reply by 7 p.m. mail.
14. Telegraph me from Osaka before noon stating your telephone numbers.
15. Kindly reply me by wire (telegraphically).
16. We should be pleased to have you telegraphically reply us.
(3)关于某某事项,谨表谢意,等。
1. Please accept our thanks in advance for your usual kind attention.
2. Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken.
3. We are obliged to you for your kind attention in this matter.
4. We are greatly obliged for your trial order just received.
5. We wish to assure you of your appreciation of your courtesy in this matter.
6. We thank you for your order just received.
7. We thank you for the special care you have given to the matter.
8. We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair.
9. Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us.
10. We are very sensible of your friendly services on our behalf, for which please accept our sincere thanks.
(4)请原谅我的回信延迟……,等。
1. Please excuse my late reply to your very friendly letter of March 1.
2. I hope you will forgive me for not having written you for so long.
3. I hope you will excuse me for not having replied to you until today.
4. I humbly apologize you for my delay in answering to your kind letter of May 5.
5. I have to (must) apologize you for not answering your letter in time.
6. I must ask you to kindly accept our excuses, late as they are.
(5)我们对您的关照,谨致谢意,等。
1. We request you to accept our warmest thanks for the anticipated favour.
2. We thank you in advance for the anticipated favour.
(6)我们时刻不忘尽我们所能,为您服务,等。
1. We assure you of our best services at all times.
2. We shall spare no efforts in endeavouring to be of services to you.
3. We shall be pleased to be of service to you at all times.
(7)请原谅给您添了麻烦,等。
1. We hope you will pardon us for troubling you.
2. We regret the trouble we are causing you.
3. I regret the trouble it caused you.
4. We trust you will excuse us for this inconvenience.
5. We wish to crave your kind forbearance for this trouble.
6. We solicit your forbearance for such an annoyance.
7. We trust you will overlook this botheration, which we exceedingly regret.
8. Kindly excuse me for troubling you in this matter.
(8)请宽恕某某事项,等。
1. Please excuse this clerical error.
2. We tender you our apology for the inconvenience this error may have caused you.
3. We request you to accept our regret for the error of our clerk.
4. We greatly regret that we have caused you such a inconvenience.
5. We wish to express our regret for the annoyance this mistake has caused you.
6. We frankly admit we were at fault and we are anxious to repair the consequences. (9)请多加关照,等。
1. We solicit a continuance of your valued favour.
2. We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support.
3. We hope we may receive your further favour.
4. We hope to receive a continuance of your kind patronage.
5. We request you to favour us with a continuance of your kind support.
6. We solicit a continuance of your kind patronage.
(10)如有机会,我们必会报答您,等。
1. It would give us a great pleasure to render you a similar service should an opportunity occur.
2. We wish to reciprocate the goodwill.
3. We shall on a similar occasion be pleased to reciprocate.
4. We hope to be able to reciprocate your good offices on a similar occasion.
5. We are always ready to render you such or similar services.
6. We shall at all times be willing to reciprocate such or similar favour.
7. We shall be happy to have an opportunity of reciprocating to you on a similar occasion.
(11)今天我已经讲完应报告事项,等。
1. With nothing further to add today.
2. With nothing more for today.
3. Without anything further for the present.
4. With nothing further for the present.
5. Without anything more to communicate for today.
6. Without more to write you by this mail.
7. Without further to advise you today.
8. We have no more (nothing further) to tell (inform) you today.

三. 商业英文书信中所使用的词语
Words, Phrases & Clauses Used in Business Letters
(1)贵函
Your letter; Your favour; your esteemed letter; Your esteemed favour; Your valued letter; Your valued favour; Your note; Your communication; Your greatly esteemed letter; Your very friendly note; Your friendly advice; Yours.
(2)本信,本函
Our (my) letter; Our (my) respects; Ours (mine); This letter; these lines; The present.
(3)前函
The last letter; The last mail; The last post; the last communication; The last respects(自己的信); The last favour(来信)
(4)次函
The next letter; The next mail; The next communication; The letter following; the following.
(5)贵函发出日期
Your letter of (the) 5th May; Your favour dated (the) 5th June; Yours of the 3rd July; Yours under date (of) the 5th July; Your letter bearing date 5th July; Your favour of even date(AE); Your letter of yesterday; Your favour of yesterday's date; Your letter dated yesterday.
(6)贵方来电、电传及传真
Your telegram; Your wire; Your cablegram(从国外); Your coded wire(密码电报); Your code message; Your cipher telegram; Your wireless telegram; Your TELEX; Your Fax.
(7)贵方电话
Your telephone message; Your phone message; Your telephonic communication; Your telephone call; Your ring.
(8)通知
(Noun)
Advice; Notice; Information; Notification; Communication; A report; News; Intelligence; Message.
(Verb)(通知,告知)
To communicate (a fact) to; To report (a fact) to...on; To apprise (a person) of; To let (a person) know; To acquaint (a person) with; To intimate (a fact) to; To send word; to send a message; To mail a notice; to write (a person) information; To give notice(预告); To break a news to(通知坏消息); To announce(宣布).
(9)回信
(Noun)
An answer; A reply; A response.
(Verb)
To answer; To reply; To give a reply; To give one's answer; To make an answer; To send an answer; To write in reply; To answer one's letter.
(特此回信)
Reply to; Answering to; In answer to; In reply to; In response to.
(等候回信)
To await an answer; To wait for an answer.
(收到回信)
To get an answer; To favour one with an answer; To get a letter answered.
(10)收讫,收到
(Noun)
Receipt(收到); A receipt(收据); A receiver(领取人,取款人); A recipient(收款人)
(Verb)
To receive; To be in receipt of; To be to (at) hand; To come to hand; To be in possesion of; To be favoured with; To get; To have; To have before (a person); To make out a receipt(开出收据); To acknowledge receipt(告知收讫).
(11)确认
To confirm; Confirming; Confirmation; In Confirmation of(为确认...,为证实...); A letter of confirmation(确认函或确认书)
(12)高兴,愉快,欣慰
To have the pleasure to do; To have the pleasure of doing; To have pleasure to do; to have pleasure in (of) doing; To take (a) pleasure in doing (something); To take pleasure in doing (something); To be pleased to (with)(by); to be delighted at (in)(with); To be glad to (of)(about); To be rejoiced in (at).
(13)随函附件
Enclose; Inclose.
(14)迅速,立刻
Urgently; Promptly; Immediately; With all speed; At once; With dispatch; With all despatch; With the quickest possible despatch; With the least possible delay; As soon as possible; As quickly as possible; As promptly as possible; At one's earliest convenience; At the earliest possible moment; At an early date; Without delay; Without loss of time; Immediately on receipt of this letter; By express messenger; By Special messenger; By special delivery; By express letter.

(15)回信 By return; By return of post; By return of mail; By return of air-mail.
(16)依照 According to; Agreeably to; Conformably to; pursuant to; In accordance with; In conformity with (to); In obedience to; In deference to; In compliance with; In agreement with; In pursuance of.
(17)就……,关于 About; Regarding; Concerning; As to; As regards; With regard to; In regard to;(of); Respecting; Relative to; Anent; In connection with; Referring to; With reference to; In reference to; Re.
(18)期满到期及应付之款
To be due; To fall due (become) due(日期将到); Duly(正时,及时);In due Course (依照顺序).
(19)(每个,按照,通过)
Per(=by, through) rail.(post,mail,steamer)(通过铁路,邮政,轮船)
Per pro.= by proxy (由代理)
Per annum (=yearly,每年)
Per mensem (=monthly,每月)
Per diem [daiem] (=daily,每日)
Per man, per capital (=per head,依照人数,每一人)
Per piece (每一个,每一件)
(20)表示抱歉(冒昧做了某事)
To take the liberty of doing something; To take the liberty to do something; To take the liberty in doing something.
(21)甚感遗憾,请包涵
To regret; To be sorry; To be chagrined; To be mortified; To be vexed; To regret to say; To be sorry to say; To one's regret; To feel a great regret for; To express regret; To be regretted; To be a matter for regret; To be regrettable; To be deplorable.
(22)(我们)对于……甚感荣幸

商业英文书信(2009-10-09 18:37)

一. 商业书信常用开头语 Opening Phrases & Sentences Generally Used In Business Letters
(1)特此奉告等
To inform one of; To say; To state; To communicate; To advise one of; To bring to one's notice (knowledge); To lay before one; To point out; To indicate; To mention; To apprise one of; To announce; To remark; To call one's attention to; To remind one of; etc.
1. We are pleased to inform you that
2. We have pleasure in informing you that
3. We have the pleasure to apprise you of
4. We have the honour to inform you that (of)
5. We take the liberty of announcing to you that
6. We have to inform you that (of)
7. We have to advise you of (that)
8. We wish to inform you that (of)
9. We think it advisable to inform you that (of)
10. We are pleased to have this opportunity of reminding you that (of)
11. We take the advantage of this opportunity to bring before your notice
12. Please allow us to call your attention to
13. Permit us to remind you that (of)
14. May we ask your attention to
15. We feel it our duty to inform you that (of)
(2)为(目的)奉告某某事项
1. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that (of)
2. The purport of this line is to advise you that (of)
3. The object of the present is to report you that
4. The object of this letter is to tell you that
5. By this letter we Purpose to inform you that (of)
6. Through the present we wish to intimate to you that
7. The present serves to acquaint you that
(3)惠请告知某某事项,等
1. Please inform me that (of)
2. Kindly inform me that (of)
3. Be good enough to inform me that (of)
4. Be so good as to inform me that (of)
5. Have the goodness to inform me that (of)
6. Oblige me by informing that (of)
7. I should be obliged if you would inform me that (of)
8. I should be glad if you would inform me that (of)
9. I should esteem it a favour if you would inform me that (of)
10. I will thank you to inform me that (of)
11. You will greatly oblige me by informing that (of)
12. We shall be obliged if you will inform us that (of)
13. We shall be pleased to have your information regarding (on, as to; about)
14. We shall deem it a favour if you will advise us of
15. We shall esteem it a high favour if you will inform us that (of)
(4)特确认,本公司某月某日函件等
1. We confirm our respects of the l0th May
2. We confirm our letter of the l0th of this month
3. We confirm our last letter of the l0th June
4. We had the pleasure of writing you last on the l0th of this month
5. We confirm our respects of the l0th June
6. We confirm the remarks made in our respects of the l0th July
7. We confirm the particulars of our enquiry by telephone of this morning
8. In confirming our telegram of this morning, --
9. Confirming our respects of the 10th May,---
10. Confirming our last of the 10th June,---
(5)贵公司某月某日函电,敬悉等
l. We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your esteemed favour of the 3rd May
2. We are pleased to acknowledge receipt of your favour of the lst June
3. We have to acknowhedge receipt of your favour of the 5th July
4. Your letter of May 5 was very welcome
5. Your letter of April l0 gave me much pleasure
6. Your esteemed favour of 7th May was duly received by us
7. Your favour of the 5th June is duly to hand
8. Your favour of the l0th is to (at) hand
9. We are in due receipt of your favour dated the 7th June
10. We are in receipt of your letter of the 7th July
11. We are in possession of your letter of the 5th April
12. We have duly received your favour of the 5th March
13. Your letter of yesterday's date is duly to (at) hand
14. Your esteemed communication of yesterday's date is just to (at) hand
15. We thank you for your favour of the 5th May
16. We are obliged for your letter of the 5th May
17. Many thanks for your latter of the 5th June
18. Very many thanks for your letter of May 5
19. In acknowledging receipt of your letter of the 5th June, ...
20. Your favour of the 5th May has just reached me
21. Your favour of the 5th May is duly received
22. Your favour of the 5th May is now before me
23. Your promised letter under date (of) the 5th June has just reached us(6)特回答贵公司某月某日函所叙述有关事项等
1. I have the pleasure of stating, in answer to your inquiry of the 4th inst, that
2. In reply to your letter of the 5th of May, I have to inform you that (of)
3. I hasten to answer your inquiry of the l5th May, by stating that
4. We are in receipt of yours of the 5th June, in reply to which we are pleased to state that
5. In reply to yours of the l0th May, relative to..., I would say that
6. I am in receipt of your favour of the 7th May, and in response I inform you that (of)
7. In response to your letter of l0th May, I wish to say that
8. In answer to your favour of the 5th May regarding... I reply as follows:
9. Answering your letter of the 8th of February re..., I would say that
10. In reply to your letter of February 8th, I inform you that (of)
11. Replying to yours of the 8th of February regarding..., I would say that
12. Replying to your favour under date of February 8th re..., I say that
(7)非常遗憾,我们奉告您关于,等。
l. We regret to inform you that (of)
2. We are sorry to have to draw your attention to
3. We regret to have to say that
4. We regret to advise you that
5. We very much regret to announce you that
6. It is most regrettable that we have to inform you that (of)
7. It is with our greatest regret that we must inform you that (of)
8. To our greatest regret we must herewith inform you that (of)
9. It is a matter for regret that I have to inform you that (of)
10. It is to be regretted that I must inform you that (of)
11. It is with regret and reluctance that we have to inform you that (of)
12. It gives us a deep sorrow that we have to announce you that
13. It causes me much sorrow to have to say that
14. I feel sorry for having to announce you that
15. I express my sorrow for announcing you that
(8)当我们得悉……甚为遗憾等。
1. We are very sorry to hear (know) that
2. we are grieved to hear of (about)
3. We are indeed sorry to hear that
4' We very much regret to hear that
5. We regret to hear of (that)
6. It is with great regret that we just learn that
7. Much to our regret we have heard that
8. We regret to receive your information re
9. We regret that we have been informed that (of)
10. To our deep regret we were informed that (of)
(9)我们对于您某月某日来函的询价,深表谢意等。
1. We thank you very much for your inquiry of the l0th of May
2. I thank you for your inquiry of the 10th May
3. We are very much obliged by your enquiry dated the 10th May
4. We are indebted to your inquiry under date (of) the 10th May for
5. I thank you for your inquiry of July 10
6. Thanks for your kind enquiry of May 5
(10)兹函附某某,请查收,等。
1. Enclosed please find
2. Enclosed we hand you
3. We enclose herewith
4. Herewith we have the pleasure to hand you
5. We have pleasure in enclosing herewith
6. We take the liberty to enclose herein
7. We are pleased to enclose herewith
8. We are pleased to hand you enclosed
(11)遵照某月某日来函指示,等。
1. In accordance with the instructions given (contained) in your favour of the 10th May
2. According to the directions contained in yours of the 6th May
3. According to the instructions given in your letter under date of the 10th of last month
4. In conformity with (to) your instructions of the l0th ult.
5. Pursuant to your instructions of May 10
(12)关于详情,下次叙述,等。
1. I will write you particulars in my next.
2. Particulars will be related in the following.
3. I will relate further details in the following.
4. I will inform you more fully in my next.
5. I will go (enter) into further details in my next.
(13)如下列所记,如附件所述,等。
1. As stated below,
2. Annexed hereto,
3. Attached you will find...
4. As shown on the next page
5. As indicated overleaf(下页,背面)
6. As at foot hereof,
7. Sent with this,
8. As the drawings attached,
9. As shown in the enclosed documents,
10. As already mentioned,
11. As particularized on the attached sheet,
12. As detailed in the previous letter,
(14)因电文不太明确……,等。
1. Your telegram just received is quite unintelligible.
2. Please repeat your wire on receipt of this, stating your meaning more clearly.
3. Your telegram is not clear; explain the third and fourth words.
4. Your telegram is unintelligible; repeat more fully in plain language.
5. Your cable is not clear, repeat, using the codes agreed upon (on).
6. We cannot understand your telegram; state the code used and which edition.
7. Your telegram is not signed with cipher as agreed on; confirm if correct.
8. We cannot trace the code you used; please repeat the telegram in plain words.
9. Your telegram is too short to be understood. Please repeat it more fully.
l0. The telegram was vague (pointless), and they requested them to explain in plain words. 二. 商业英文书信常用结束语
Closing Phrases & Sentences Generally Used in Business Letters
(1)我们盼望于近日内接获回信,等。
1. We hope to receive your favour at an early date.
2. We hope to be favoured with a reply with the least delay.
3. We await a good news with patience.
4. We hope to receive a favourable reply per return mail.
5. We await the pleasure of receiving a favourable reply at an early date.
6. We await the favour of your early (prompt) reply.
7. A prompt reply would greatly oblige us.
8. We trust you will favour us with an early (prompt) reply.
9. We trust that you will reply us immediately.
10. We should be obliged by your early (prompt) reply.
11. Will your please reply without delay what your wishes are in this matter?
12. Will you kindly inform us immediately what you wish us to do.
13. We request you to inform us of your decision by return of post.
14. We are awaiting (anxious to receive) your early reply.

出口业务基本流程(2009-10-09 18:24)

特殊情况说明:

  1. 关于”进口付汇企业名录”
    拥有进出口权的企业上”进口付汇企业名录”后, 在进口的未受管制的商品付汇前,不再需要到外汇管理局办理备案, 相应地简化了付汇手续.
    办理”进口付汇企业名录”需向外汇管理局提供的文件有:
    1) 书面申请
    2) 外经贸部进出口批件(正本)
    3) 营业执照复印件
    4) 企业代码证:

一、出口业务基本流程

(一) 信用证(L/C)  
信用证结算方式是一种以银行信用为付款保证的结算方式。信用证开出后即取代合同成为约束各方当事人权利和义务的契约。因此采取信用证作为结算方式时,一切出口业务及获得的相关单据都必须与信用证相符。
以下是针对信用证方式对出口的各个步骤做的说明。


1. 签订合同.
签订出口合同时,除必须具备的买方、卖方名称、货物品名规格、数量、单价、金额及价格术语、装运时间、装运港等必要因素。另需注意的是,以信用证为结算方式的合同, 签订时在对进口方信誉不了解的情况下, 应在合同上写明开证的最迟期限,以确保我方有足够的备货时间, 这样在不违约的情况下我方利益也能得到充分保障。

 

2. 备货
通常情况下, 出口企业在收到L/C后再开始备货以避免进口方因市场变化而违约造成损失.但对于信誉有保证的客户可以考虑在收到L/C前备货。
在实际操作中,2、3步经常是同时进行。

需注意的是,货物的品质、数量、包装、交货时间均应与L/C/合同上的相关条款相符。

 

3.催证
因进口方可能因市场等因素的变化而拖延开证。因此应结合备货情况向进口方催证。

4.审证
收到进口方开出的信用证后,应详细审核信用证中的条款是否与合同中的相关条款相符。

审证时应特别注意的是:
1)审核信用证的性质和种类是否与合同规定相符。对电开信用证上注明“另函详”等类似文字的,一般要等收到正本信用证后再审核;


2)因信用证是一种纯粹的单据业务,为了保证交单议付的顺利进行,避免进口商因单据原因拒付货款。信用证中的单据条款必须认真审核其是否与合同一致。若信用证上要求提供的单据种类、份数及填写方法,与合同有出入,应考虑我方是否能办理和接受,如不能办到,应要求改证;

 

3)开证申请人和收益人的名称、地址是否与合同相符,以防错发错运;

4)信用证中的货物名称、规格、数量、包装是否与合同相符,因为货物名称的变更可能会引起相关费用和手续的变化;

5)信用证的装运期、有效期和到货地点;
有效期一般比装运期晚15~20天。装运期太近,应要求改证。到期地最好在我国境内。

6)信用证中的转船、分批装运条款、保险条款以及对其他费用的支出,是否与合同一致。

 

5.改证
对发现的信用证和合同的不符点,应向开证申请人提出改证。

 

6.报检
对于法定检验的商品,必须在出口前一周内提出申请。如信用证项下要求提供由其他检验机构出具的检验报告,则必须考虑该检验机构检验所需的时间,结合备货和船期情况进行安排。

 

7.申报出口
大部分商品不需要办理出口许可证。但对限制出口的商品均需办理出口许可证。

 

8.投保
以CIF价成交的出口业务,须由出口方向保险公司投保。投保人只需填制“运输险投保单”。在投保时应注意投保的险别以及保险单上的内容必须与信用证相关规定一致。

 

9.排船托运
根据备货情况委托外运机构排船定舱。需注意的是:
1)装船期不应迟于信用证中的最迟装运期,否则进口方可能因此而拒付货款;
2)提单上的内容必须与信用证的相关规定一致。

3)在FOB或CFR条件下,货物装船后,应及时通知进口方。以让进口方及时办理保险。

 

10.报关
出口货物装运出口前向海关申报。报关手续通常由外运代理机构代理,出口方只须提供相关的单据:
1)出口发票
2)装箱单
3)出口收汇核销单
4)其它海关必要时认为应交的合同、产地证等证明文件

11.制单
在信用证条件下,出口企业制作用于结汇的单据必须严格按信用证相关项下的要求制作,做到“单证一致,单单相符”。常见的出口单据有:

1)汇票
2)发票
3)装箱单
4)提单
5)保险单
6)产地证
7)其它要求的检验证书

12.结汇
货物装运后,把备妥的所有单据在交单期内送交银行议付,银行在规定的期限内或收到付款行汇来的货款后支付给出口企业。

为了加强企业的资金周转,也可向银行押汇。即银行买入企业的汇票和单据,按汇票金额扣除从仪付到估计收到票款之日的利息,将余款付出企业。

 

13.出口核销
1)领单:按月向外汇管理局申领核销单;
2)报关审核:报关时,海关审核并录入关单上的核销单号,并与所附核销单核对,审核无误后,在出口收汇核销专用联上盖章;
3)银行出具出口收汇核销专用联;
4)向外管部门核销:
即期出口项下,在出口报关之日起100天内,凭核销单、关单、出口收汇核销专用联、发票到外汇局办理核销手续;远期出口项下,出口企业应当在收到外汇起10日内,持上述材料到外汇局办理。

 

14.退税
由专职办税员按月填报《出口货物退(免)税申请表》,并提供有关凭证,报外经委稽核后,向税务机关申请退税。办理出口退税的凭证有:
1)购进出口货物的增值税专用发票
2)出口货物销售明细帐
3)出口货物报关单(退税联)(在无法及时取得关单时,经税务机关审核,可以缓延在3个月内提供)
4)出口收汇核销单
5)出口销售发票
6)出口收汇水单

 

(二)托收

以托收方式结汇的出口合同,其合同的履行过程与信用证方式下基本相同,也要经过:签订合同——>备货——>报检——>申报出口——>投保——>报关——>制单——>结汇——>核销——>退税,10个阶段。所不同的在于,业务的办理和单据的制作不再受信用证的约束,而是以合同的相关规定为依据。托收结汇程序如下:

1)出口商取得货运提单及合同要求需提供的相关单据,如发票、装箱单、保险单、产地证等,填写托收申请表,连同汇票交托收行,委托代收货款;
2)托收行向代收行发出托收委托书,代收行向付款人收妥货款后,将货款汇往托收行;
3)托收行收到货款后支付给出口商。
采用托收方式,出口商要承担一定的风险,应注意以下两点:
1)对进口商的资信要有充分的了解。一般情况,只接受“付款交单”,对“承兑交单”原则上不接受;
2)争取以CIF条件成交,以避免当货物遇险买方不付款时,卖方可向保险公司索赔。

 

(三)汇款(货到付款)
除对个别极可靠的客户及在需预收货款的情况下,一般很少采用该结汇方式。

 

(四)以上三种结汇方式相结合,如部分货款托收,部分货款开立信用证;部分汇款,部分托收等。具体根据合同的约定办理。

 

下面是一幅关于出口流程的简图: