Benefits and Harms of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening
for Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive
Services Task Force
前列腺癌前列腺特异性抗原筛查的收益与伤害：美国预防医学工作组更新证据
Background: Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer in
men in the United States, and prostate cancer screening has
increased in recent years. In 2002, the U.S. Preventive Services
Task Force concluded that evidence was insufficient to recommend
for or against screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) testing.
摘要：
背景：前列腺癌是美国男性中最常见的非皮肤性癌，近年来，前列腺癌筛查增多了。在2002年，美国预防医学工作组的结论认为，推荐或反对使用前列腺特异性抗原（
PSA ）检测试验进行前列腺癌筛查的证据不充分。
Purpose: To examine new evidence on benefits and harms of screening
asymptomatic men for prostate cancer with PSA.
超级大餐与缺乏锻炼也许不是肥胖在美国蔓延的仅有的原因。一项新的研究发现一个有肥胖朋友的人与其他人相比也出现凸起腰围的可能性高出57%.
该作用在亲密朋友间最强，而且如果朋友的朋友甚至自己的朋友发胖时也会发生，暗示肥胖正以一种社会蔓延方式传播，在《引爆流行》2000年版中宣传了相同的现象，这是一本为从卡车司机帽到管理哲学等各种潮流注解的图书。
Researchers say the contagion effect may occur
because we mimic or adopt the behavior of people we hold in regard
and that it should be taken into account when trying to counteract
obesity.
研究者称因为我们模仿或接受我们所尊敬人的行为，所以会发生蔓延效应。当我们试图抵制肥胖时应该考虑以上因素。
Six in 10 adult Americans are overweight and 31
percent are obese, up sharply from 15 percent 30 years ago,
according to a 2004 tally by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.
根据美国疾病控制预防
如何饮食和锻炼以增强长寿的新线索
健康生活的传统方法有－合理饮食，锻炼和体重控制－延长生命通过减少脑中通过一种特殊途径信号（传导），根据霍华德'休斯医学研究所研究人员在研究长命小鼠发现了这种联系。
他们说他们发现低估维持健康生活方式的重要性并也许也提供可能的研究方向对理解和治疗糖尿病和阿尔茨海默尔病。
霍华德'休斯医学研究所研究者莫里斯-F'怀特和同事们在2007年7月20日科学杂志上刊发他们的发现。波士顿儿童医院内分泌科怀特实验室的Akiko
Taguchi 和 Lynn
Wartschow和哈佛医学院是这篇研究文献的共同作者。
在他们的实验中，研究人员寻求理解胰岛素样信号途径在延长寿命中的作用。
Metabolic Syndrome: Don't Blame the Belly Fat
代谢综合症：不应非难腹部脂肪
杰拉德'舒尔曼
Abdominal fat, the spare tire that many of us
carry, has long been implicated as a primary suspect in causing the
metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that includes the most
dangerous heart attack risk factors: prediabetes, diabetes, high
blood pressure, and changes in cholesterol.
腹部脂肪我们中许多人携带的“备胎”
很长时间以来是导致代谢综合症的主要嫌疑对象，包括最危险的心脏发作危险因素的一组健康状况：糖尿病前期，糖尿病，高血压，胆固醇改变。
But with the help of powerful new imaging
technologies, a team of Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
researchers at Yale University School of Medicine has found that
insulin resistance in skeletal muscle leads to alterations in
energy storage that set the stage for the metabolic s
一、 马太效应
二、 手表定理
三、 不值得定律
四、 彼得原理
五、 零和游戏原理
六、 华盛顿合作规律
七、 酒与污水定律
八、 水桶定律
九、 蘑菇管理
十、 奥卡姆剃刀定律
十一、 二八法则
十二、 钱的问题
一、马太效应
《新约·马太福音》中有这样一个故事，一个国王远行前，交给三个仆人每人一锭银子，吩咐他们：“你们去做生意，等我回来时，再来见我。”国王回来时，第一个仆人说：“主人，你交给我们的一锭银子，我已赚了1
0锭。”于是国王奖励他10座城邑。第二个仆人报告说：“主人，你给我的一锭银子
Crab Shells and Fungi May Hold a Key to Asthma
蟹壳、真菌或许是哮喘的罪魁祸首
Chitin is the stuff of crab shells and the
carapaces of dust mites, the cell walls of lichens, and even the
rigid innards of parasitic worms. It may also be the stuff that
sets off asthma.
在蟹壳、尘螨背甲、苔藓细胞壁，甚至在寄生蠕虫硬质内脏中甲壳素无处不在。甲壳素或许也是爆发哮喘的（过敏源）物质。
Despite being the most common biopolymer on earth
after cellulose, chitin never occurs naturally in humans and other
vertebrates. However, according to a new study led by Howard Hughes
Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator Richard M. Locksley, our
immune systems possess an innate ability to recognize and eliminate
chitin from our bodies. The researchers found that when this potent
response to the ubiquitous particles goes awry, it can cause an
allergic response that could potentially lead to asthma. The
new
1.You have matches她看你两手都占着，就故意开玩笑跟你要火柴，这是个非常普通的笑话，非但没有恶意，反而是想问你需不需要帮忙。
2.Turn the table '扭转了局面'，那'table'和我想到的'桌子'根本无关。
3. Wearing two hats 先生是指Larry在医院某一部门担任要职，除此之外，还有自己的生意，就是说 Larry 身兼两职，而不是真的戴了两顶帽子。
4. With a grain of salt 是“对某事有保留、持怀疑态度”的意思
5.You are in for a treat!'You are in for a treat means you'll like it !
7. Skeleton in the closet（cupboard）后来这个短语用来指不
Supracervical Hysterectomy Alternative for Ovarian
Cancer
宫颈上子宫切除术是卵巢癌治疗的选择之一
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Mar 22 - Supracervical hysterectomy may
be a reasonable alternative to total abdominal hysterectomy for
women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, according to a
report in the March Obstetrics & Gynecology.
路透社健康纽约3月22日电－根据三月份《产科学和妇科学》的一份报告，宫颈上子宫切除术或许成为需行经腹全子宫切除术的晚期卵巢上皮性癌女性患者合理的替代手段。
Although oncologists have traditionally recommended total abdominal
hysterectomy for women with ovarian cancer, the authors explain,
many oncologists now recommend supracervical hysterectomy for those
who will receive intraperitoneal chemotherapy because it may limit
vaginal leakage of the chemotherapeutic agents.
尽管肿瘤专家传统上建议卵巢癌妇女行经腹全子宫切除术，作者解释，许多肿瘤专家现在建议那些即将接受腹腔化疗的（卵巢癌妇女）接受宫
Clinical Guidelines
临床指南
International Journal of Obesity (2007) 31, 569–577.
doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803560; published online 27 February 2007
国际肥胖症杂志 2007年2月27日发表
Inter-disciplinary European guidelines on surgery of severe
obesity
外科治疗严重肥胖的跨学科欧洲指南
Abstract
摘要
In 2005, for the first time in European history, an extraordinary
Expert panel named 'The BSCG' (Bariatric Scientific Collaborative
Group), was appointed through joint effort of the major European
Scientific Societies which are active in the field of obesity
management. Societies that constituted this panel were: IFSO –
International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity, IFSO-EC –
International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity – European
Chapter, EASO – European Association for Study of Obesity, ECOG –
European Childhood Obesity Group, together with the IOTF
(International Obesity Task Force) which
Title: Transcriptional regulation of neurogenesis: potential
mechanisms in cerebral ischemia
神经发生的转录调节：脑缺血中潜在机制
Authors: Scholzke MN, Schwaninger M. Department of
Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400,
69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
markus.schwaninger@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Resource: J Mol Med. 2007 Apr 11; [Epub ahead of
print]
Abstract:
Recent data provides evidence that new neurons are born in cerebral
ischemia. Although ultimate evidence for their functional
importance is lacking, correlational data suggest that they
contribute to recovery. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of
neurogenesis are interesting as a basis for pharmacological
enhancement of the phenomenon. Neurogenesis is a multistep process
that includes proliferation of precursor cells, migration of the
newborn cells to the site of lesion, differentiation, integration
into neuronal circuits, and survival. A
发博文
加载中…
