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Unit
3
Step I
1）
Group One:
1. seem to have made
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Group Two:
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Group Three:
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Group Four:
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
2）总结：过去分词作状语：
Prepared with some research findings
monitored carefully
Pressed by my friends
when cooled
once picked up
过去分词作定语：
seem to be powders designed to kill snakes
the frozen bowl
a small net used for catching fish
Step
1.（2011全国II 15）The island, ____to the mainland by the bridge, is easy to go to .（C）
A.
joining
2．（2011 天津12）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order．(B)
A．Translating
C．To
translate
3.
(2011
福建 23) 23．Tsinghua
University,____
A．found
C．founded
4、(2011 重庆33)Micheal put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ____ of his own dreams.(C)
A.
reminding
5.(2011四川16)
A.
offer
6.(2011浙江14)
A. lose
7.(2011湖南23.) The players _______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. （C）
|
|
8.(2011陕西14)Claire had
luggage_______ an hour before her plane
left.
A.
check
9．(2011上海32)The rare fish, ___from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. （A）
A.
saved
10.（10全国I 27）Mrs White showed her students some old maps ____from the library.(C)
A. to
borrow
11.（10山东 29）The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.
A.
laid
12.
（05江苏卷）
_____ in the mountain for a week, the two students were
finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost
13.
（05湖南卷）
______
in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed
14.
（05福建卷）
When
_______ help, one often says “Thank you. ”or“ It’s kind of
you.”
A. offering
15．（05上海卷）
______
into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents
reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
16．（05天津卷）
You
should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______
often enough.
A. explaining
17．(05北京卷) The prize of the game
show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to
China.
A. paying
18．（05湖北卷）
The
repairs cost a lot , but it’s money well_______.
A．to spend
19．(04上海卷) The disc, digitally
_______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that
night.
A. recorded
20.
（04全国卷III）
It
shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting
by my boss.
A. questioning
21.
（04全国卷II）
Helen had to shout ____above the sound of the music. A.
making herself hear
C. making herself heard
22.（2006全国）
No
matter how frequently
____
A.
performed
C. to
be performed
23.（2006全国）The murderer was brought in , with his hands ___ behind his back.
A.
being tied
keys
Step III. Reviewing the grammar—past participle
1.
非谓语是高中语法中的重点和难点项目，也是高考的重点、必考点，过去分词是考查热点之一。
一、过去分词作状语（考查较多）
①、弄清过去分词作状语的最基本特点，过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。
例1：___ in a hurry, this
article was not so good!
（Written）
导悟：written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。
例2：
___better attention, the plants could grow
better.
（Given）
提醒：有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost/absorbed
in（沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed
in（穿着）；tired
of（厌烦）；devoted
to(奉献于、献身于)。
例3：___ in deep thought, he
didn’t hear the sound.（
Lost/Absorbed）
例4：Born in this beautiful
town, he hates to leave it.（Born
）
②、明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语，过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。
例:1：____the earth to be flat,
many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4
1996,6)
A. Believed
许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.
例2：He looked tired and
depressed, visibly____ by the news of his mother's illness.
（disturbed）
导悟：分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
例3：Seen from the top of the
hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
Seeing
from the top of the hill, we saw the city more beautiful
.
导悟：seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。
提醒：如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
例4：The signal given, the bus
started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
导悟：the
signal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句的主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语。
③、过去分词作状语的由来，过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
例1：Caught in a heavy rain, he
was all wet.
（表原因）因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
导悟：caught in a heavy
rain
为过去分词作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy
rain.
例2：Accepted by the Party, he
decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
（表时间）
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
例3：Compared with your
brother, you should make greater efforts to study
English.（表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句）
和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。
例4：Though warned of the
storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.(=Though they
had been warned….)
（表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句）
例5：
Seated
at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
（表方式或伴随情况）
我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
特别提醒-1：状语从句改为过去分次有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。“while ( when, once,
until, if , though等连词)＋过去分词”结构。
Once recovered, he threw himself to work and made every effort to
do it well.
When given a medical examination, you should keep
calm.
特别提醒-2：过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。
例如：When asked why he came
here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。
特别提醒-3：明确过去分词作状语的位置。
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面常用逗号隔开：也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。
如；He stood there silently ,
moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there
silently.
特别提醒-4：熟悉与高考链接情况，明确高考考查重点。
特别提醒-5：考查过去分词用作形容词
即表面上考查非谓语动词，而且四个选项也都是非谓语动词的某种形式，但命题者真正考查的却是其形容词用法——由过去分词转化来的形容词的用法。如：
1. A good story does not
necessarily have to have a happy ending，
but the
reader must not be left_______.
（2006天津卷）
A. unsatisfied B.
unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfyingD.
being unsatisfied
【说明】此题答案选
A。unsatisfied
在此为形容词，用作补语（主语补足语），其意为“不满意的，未得到满足的”。全句意为：一个好的故事不一定就需要一个喜剧性的结尾，但它必须不能让读者失望。
2._______ and
happy，
Tony
stood up and accepted the prize.
（2006全国卷）
A. Surprising B.
Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To
be surprising
【说明】此题答案选
B。根据与之并列的形容词
happy
可知，此题应填形容词 surprised。surprised and happy
的意思是“既惊又喜”。
二、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，表示主语的感受（感情）或心理状态，主语多为人。
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.
不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress.
她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt
disappointed at his response.
提醒：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。
如：The road is covered with
fallen leaves.
（表状态）
The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作)
特别提醒:过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.
听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶
The news is very surprising.
这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.
他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved
to tears.
看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused;
encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting,
excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying,
worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested;
astonishing, astonished等。
三、过去分词作宾补
例1：
My
elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last
week.
例2：They managed to make
themselves understood using very simple English.
（用于使役动词）
例3：We can hear the windows
beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官动词）
例3：After my encounter with
her, I found myself greatly shaken.
例4：You should keep her
informed of what is going on here.
（用于表状态的动词）
例-5：The teacher expected the
students well prepared for the
examination.
注意：在动词see, hear, feel, watch,
notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look
at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
如：*I saw Mr. White get off a
bus.
*I saw Mr. White looking
into the shop window.
*——Do you hear someone
knocking at the door?
——Yes,
I did. I heard him knock three times.
特别提醒-1：
动词have后所接的三种宾语补语。
▲主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。
have somebody/something do something
不定式作补语必须省去to,
不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：The radio she had had repaired
went wrong.
她请人修的收音机坏了。
▲表示“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。
We must get the work fulfilled by the end of this week.
▲
主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。
Many people had their houses damaged in the serious
typhoon（台风）.
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
特别提醒-2：当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。
如：One of the glasses was
found broken.
有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there.
应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
四、过去分词作定语
例1：My parents are both
retired teachers.
例2：We can see the part of the
moon lighted by sunlight.
例3：As early as 1649 Ohio made
a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in
every town ____50 households or more.
A. having
导悟：答案为A。后面由现在分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词。
例4：Most of the students
invited to the garden party(=who were invited
to the garden party) came from our school.
例5：The suggestion made by the
foreign expert was adopted by the manager.
外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
特别提醒:过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：
boiled water开水
boiling
water正沸腾的水
developed countries发展的国家
developing countries发展中国家
fallen leaves落叶
falling
leaves
正在飘落的叶子
changed condition改变了的情况
changing condition变化着的情况
由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。
Step IV.再扣高考
1.
_____ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally
saved by the local police.（05江苏卷）
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
2. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a
doctor.
（05湖南卷）
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
3. When _______ help, one often says“Thank you.”or“It’s kind of
you.”
（05福建卷）
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
4．______ into use in April
2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and
heating supply breakdowns.
（05上海卷）
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
5．You should understand the
traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough.
（05天津卷）
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
6．The prize of the game show
is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.
(05北京卷)
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
7．The repairs cost a lot
,but it’s money well_______.（05湖北卷）
A．to spend
B．spent C．being spent
D．spending
8．The disc, digitally
_______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
(04上海卷)
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
9.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the
meeting by my boss.
（04全国卷III）
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be
questioned
10.Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music.
（04全国卷II）
A. making herself hear
C. making herself heard
Step V.
能力提高练习：
I.Multiple Choices：
1.When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in
white he started brawling immediately.
A. worn B. wearing C. dressed D. putting on
2.The author gave a detailed description _______on his personal
observation of nature．
A.based B.to base C.to be based D. basing
3.______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been
followed by
4.These students are quick at learning．
We’ll
have them in new methods．
A.train B.training C.trained D.to train
5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous
scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown
better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his
back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among
the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of
him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women
players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be
first played
11. Don’t get _________ in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the
road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last
week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
14. Through the examination one of the boys in the class was found
_______ by a(an)______ disease.
A. infecting; knowing B. infected; unknown
C. to be infected; to be known D. be infected; unknown
15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the
door was broken down.
A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain
16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the
corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D.
frozen, freezing
17. We're _________ to listen to her ________ voice. It's _________
to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a
pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant;
pleasure
18. When I came home last night, I saw my little kid _______ on
bed, with his whole attention ______ upon the book about Harry
Porrer.
A. lying; fixing B. lay; fixed C. sitting; to fix D. seated;
fixed
19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy
percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing,
covered
20. An ________and _______ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the
film star.
A. excited; happy B. exciting; happy C. exciting; happily D.
excitedly; happily
keys: 1---5 C A B C A 6---10 A D D C A 11—15 D B D B A 16---20 B B
B B A
II、Filling in the
blanks:
1.The _______situation of the chess game really ________ every
member in the game-watching room. (confuse)
2.________( determine) to train his son in English, he put an ad
like this in the paper, “ _______(want) an English teacher for a
twelve-year-old boy. ”
3.With his finger_______(point) to the ________(break) window, the
teacher asked: “Who did that?”
4. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _______(lie) on the ground
on the way home , but unfortunately for me , I found my colour TV
set _______(steal) when I got home .
5. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse ____ after her son and her
daughter and was also pleased to see children well ____ care of in
the nursery
6.Though _______(lack) money, he managed to have his own company
_______ (start).
7.________(accuse) of taking bribes, he was sentenced to
death.
8. She felt rather that she heard such a news. (delight)
9.Jack’s umbrella requires _______, but he didn’t get it soon
enough at John’s, for John had a lot of umbrellas______ at the
time. (repair)
10. _______ (remind) of the matter many times, Tom was still
_________(puzzle) about it.
填空答案：
1.confusing; confused
2.Determined; Wanted
3.pointing; broken
4. lying ; stolen
5. looking ; taken
6.lacking; started
7.Accused
8.delighted; delighting
9. repairing; repaired, to repair
10.Reminded; puzzled
Step VI.书面表达(用含有分词短语的句子不少于3个)
假如你是李华，你写了一封Email，把你的第一次新疆之行告诉了你的美国朋友Tom，并邀请他在适当的时候来参观美丽的新疆。
主要内容应包含以下要点：
1．
2．
3．
4.
My First Trip to Xinjiang
Dear Tom,
How is everything going? I’d like to tell you something interesting when I visited Xinjiang ,a place you are dreaming of.
Preparing for the trip to Xinjiang
，I was busy these days. It being
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