加载中…matlab 如何批量读取数据？（如从excel表格 或一个文件内）
(2013-09-07 16:01:15)| 分类： matlab |
MATLAB中有两种文件I/O程序：high level and low
level.
（1）简单的直接采用load函数；
例： 当matlab当前工作空间与数据文件所在文件同在一个文件夹时，直接导入
M=load('1.txt');
这样数据就存到mat文件M中了。
（2）textread函数
[A,B,C,...] = textread(filename,format)
[A,B,C,...] = textread(filename,format,N)
[...] = textread(...,param,value,...)
两个函数可以用许多参数来改变其具体的工作方式，他们返回读入指定输出的数据。他们有效的提供给你一个
“两全其美”的方法，因为他们可以用一个命令读入混合的ASCII和数值数据（high level routines的做法），并且你可以改变他们以匹配你特定的应用（如同low level routines做到的）。
CODE:
Example 2: Using STRREAD to read the words in a line
% This command uses the cell array created in Example 1 to
% read in each word of line 28 in 'file' to a cell array, words
words = strread(file{28},'%s','delimiter','')
CODE:
Example 4: Using TEXTREAD to read in specific rows of text and numeric data from a file
% This command reads in rows B and C of the file. The 'headerlines'
% property is used to move down to the desired starting row and the
% read operation is performed 2 times
[c1 c2 c3 c4] = textread('sample_file2.txt',...
'%s %s %s %s',2,'headerlines',4)
CODE:
Example 5: Using TEXTREAD to read in only the numeric data from a file containing text and numbers
% This command reads in only the numeric data in the file. The
% 'headerlines' property is used to move down to the first row
% of interest and the first column of text is ignored with the
% '*' operator
[c2 c3 c4] = textread('sample_file2.txt','%*s %d %d %f','headerlines',3)
（3）textscan函数
C = textscan(FID,'FORMAT') ；将数据读入细胞数组C
（4）
IMPORTDATA形成UIIMPORT的功能，不打开GUI。可以将IMPORTDATA用于函数或者脚本中，因为在函数或者脚本中基于GUI的文件导入机制并不理想。
（5）UIGETFILE/UIPUTFILE
CODE:
% This command lists all the M-files in the current directory and
% returns the name and path of the selected file
[fname,pname] = uigetfile('*.m','Sample Dialog Box')
- High level routines: 包括现成的函数，可以用来读写特殊格式的数据，并且只需要少量的编程。使用high level routines的关键是：文件必须是相似的（homogeneous），换句话说，文件必须有一致的格式。
- Low level routines: 可以更加灵活的完成相对特殊的任务，需要较多的额外编程。
（1）简单的直接采用load函数；
（2）textread函数
-
格式：
-
说明
“两全其美”的方法，因为他们可以用一个命令读入混合的ASCII和数值数据（high level routines的做法），并且你可以改变他们以匹配你特定的应用（如同low level routines做到的）。
- 例子：
CODE:
Example 1: Using TEXTREAD to read
in an entire file into a cell array
% This command reads in the file fft.m into the cell array,
file
file =
textread('fft.m','%s','delimiter','\n','whitespace','');
Example 2: Using STRREAD to read the words in a line
% This command uses the cell array created in Example 1 to
% read in each word of line 28 in 'file' to a cell array, words
words = strread(file{28},'%s','delimiter','')
CODE:
Example 3: Using
TEXTREAD to read in text and numeric data from a file with
headers
% This command skips the 2 header lines at the top of the file
% and reads in each column to the 4 specified outputs
[c1 c2 c3 c4] = textread('sample_file2.txt','%s %s %s %s','headerlines',2)
CODE:% This command skips the 2 header lines at the top of the file
% and reads in each column to the 4 specified outputs
[c1 c2 c3 c4] = textread('sample_file2.txt','%s %s %s %s','headerlines',2)
Example 4: Using TEXTREAD to read in specific rows of text and numeric data from a file
% This command reads in rows B and C of the file. The 'headerlines'
% property is used to move down to the desired starting row and the
% read operation is performed 2 times
[c1 c2 c3 c4] = textread('sample_file2.txt',...
'%s %s %s %s',2,'headerlines',4)
CODE:
Example 5: Using TEXTREAD to read in only the numeric data from a file containing text and numbers
% This command reads in only the numeric data in the file. The
% 'headerlines' property is used to move down to the first row
% of interest and the first column of text is ignored with the
% '*'
[c2 c3 c4] = textread('sample_file2.txt','%*s %d %d %f','headerlines',3)
（3）textscan函数
（4）
UIIMPORT是一个功能强大，易于使用的基于GUI的high level routine，用于读complex
data files。文件也必须是homogeneous。
IMPORTDATA形成UIIMPORT的功能，不打开GUI。可以将IMPORTDATA用于函数或者脚本中，因为在函数或者脚本中基于GUI的文件导入机制并不理想。
（5）UIGETFILE/UIPUTFILE
UIGETFILE/UIPUTFILE是基于图形用户界面（GUI）的。会弹出对话框，列出当前目录的文件和目录，提示你选择一个文件。UIGETFILE让你选择一个文件来写（类似Windows ‘另存为’选项？）。用UIGETFILE，可以选择已存在的文件改写，也可以输入新的文件名。两个函数的返回值是所选文件名和路径。
Example:
用 UIGETFILE 从当前目录选择一个 M-file
用 UIGETFILE 从当前目录选择一个 M-file
CODE:
% This command lists all the M-files in the current directory and
% returns the name and path of the selected file
[fname,pname] = uigetfile('*.m','Sample Dialog Box')
注意: UIGETFILE 一次只能选择一个文件。
（6）DLMREAD/DLMWRITE/CSVREAD
CODE:
Example 1: Using DLMREAD to read in a file with headers, text, and numeric data
% This reads in the file 'sample_file2.txt' and creates a matrix, D,
% with the numeric data this command specifies a white space as the
% delimiter of the file
D = dlmread('sample_file.txt','')
CODE:
Example 2: Using DLMREAD to extract the first 3 columns of the last 3 rows
% This reads in the first 3 columns of the last 3 rows of
% the data file 'sample_file.txt'into the matrix, D_partial.
% 读文件 'sample_file.txt' 前3列后3行，到矩阵D_partial.
D_partial = dlmread('sample_file.txt','',[2 0 4 2])
CODE:
Example 3: Using DLMWRITE to write a comma delimited file
% This creates a file called 'partialD.txt' that consists of
% the first 3 columns of the last 3 rows of data where each
% element is separated by a comma
dlmwrite('partialD.txt',D_partial,',')
（6）DLMREAD/DLMWRITE/CSVREAD
DLMREAD 和 DLMWRITE函数能够读写分隔的ASCII data，而不是用low level
routines。他们比low level routines容易使用，Low level
routines用几行代码实现的功能可以用DLMREAD/DLMWRITE简化成一行。
CODE:
Example 1: Using DLMREAD to read in a file with headers, text, and numeric data
% This reads in the file 'sample_file2.txt' and creates a matrix, D,
% with the numeric data this command specifies a white space as the
% delimiter of the file
D = dlmread('sample_file.txt','')
CODE:
Example 2: Using DLMREAD to extract the first 3 columns of the last 3 rows
% This reads in the first 3 columns of the last 3 rows of
% the data file 'sample_file.txt'into the matrix, D_partial.
% 读文件 'sample_file.txt' 前3列后3行，到矩阵D_partial.
D_partial = dlmread('sample_file.txt','',[2 0 4 2])
CODE:
Example 3: Using DLMWRITE to write a comma delimited file
% This creates a file called 'partialD.txt' that consists of
% the first 3 columns of the last 3 rows of data where each
% element is separated by a comma
dlmwrite('partialD.txt',D_partial,',')
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