Online Test:OPPORTUNISTS AND COMPETITORS

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Opportunists and Competitors
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:If you squander money, resources, or opportunities, you waste them.
释义来自科林斯高级学习词典.
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:原句“Similarly,a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction.”意思是:类似,一个植物或动物不能把所有能量都浪费在生长一个大身体,一点都不剩下来繁殖,因为这是必定灭绝之路。
Left over剩下的; reproduce v.繁殖,复制; reproduction n.繁殖; extinct adj.灭亡的; extinction n.消灭;
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落第二句“The expenditure of energy is essentially a process of budgeting, just as finances are budgeted.”意思是:能量的消耗基本上和做预算的过程一样,就像财政预算。“If all of your money is spent on clothes, there may be none left to buy food or go to the movies.”意思是:如果你所有的钱都用来买衣服,就没有钱剩下来买食物或去看电影了。
Essentially adv.实质上; budget v./n. 预算;finance n.财政;
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落原意是:一个生物几乎把所有能量都被用在繁殖上,只分配一点到建造身体上。处于这样一个极端的生物叫做“机会主义者”。在另外一个极端就是“竞争者”了,几乎所有的资源都被用在建造一个大身体,仅分配最少能量到繁殖上。
Invest v.投资; be diverted to 转向。。。; be allocated to 被分配到。。。
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:Dispersalis the spreading of things over a wide area.
Plants have different mechanisms of dispersal for their
spores.
= distribution
释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
Disperse v.分散; distribute v.分布,分散;
6.
以下哪一项能表达出高亮句子的精华核心含义?错误选项改变重要含义或者遗漏精华信息。
These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.
这些植物被叫做机会主义者,因为他们依靠的是种子降落到一些竞争植物都被自然过程移除的地方,比如侵蚀了的河岸,山崩出,或者在树倒下创造树冠层缺口的地方;
Term v.
把…叫做;
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:选项二错,没有帮助侵蚀的自然过程也没有帮助树冠层缺口的创造。
选项三错,与原意相悖。
选项四错,不是种子被自然过程移除,而是竞争物种被自然过程移除。
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查词典:Something that is massive is very large in
size, quantity, or extent.
= huge
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:选项四是属于繁殖投入不是生长投入,所以错。
选项一对,段落第四句话“A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil.”意思是:一棵大橡树会在它的地上占据200年或更久,通过投下浓浓的影音并且吸收土壤里所有的水来战胜其他潜在的冠层树。所以选项一对。接下来一句“The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. ”意思是:橡树的叶子尝着很苦因为它们富含丹宁酸,一种会使他们变得让其他生物觉得味道不好或者难以消化。所以选项二对。看到第九句“Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire.”意思是:一旦一株橡树扎根,它就能够活过干旱甚至火灾的小循环。
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:竞争者投入大多能量到生长,机会主义者投入大多能量到繁殖。
10.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落最后一句话“It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristic. ”意思是:然后值得注意的是纯粹机会主义者和纯粹竞争者在大自然很少,因为大多数物种都在两个极端之间的某点,展现出一些机会主义特点和一些竞争特点的混合。
Exhibit v.展现; exhibition n.展览; exhibitor n.展览者; a blend of = a mix of 。。。的混合;
11.
Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Such episodic events will cause a population of dandelions, for example, to vary widely.
这样随机事件会导致蒲公英的数量,比如,变化很大。
解析:看到such episodic events就应该立马想到插入句之前肯定要对随机事件有所谈论。会原文发现第六段的第一句话“Because each individual is short-lived, the population of an opportunist species is likely to be adversely affected by drought, bad winters, or floods.”意思是:因为每个个体都短命,一个机会主义者的物种数量很容易受到干旱,严峻的冬天或者洪水的影响。Such episodic events指的就是干旱,严峻的冬天或者洪水,这些自然灾害都是随机不定的。所以答案是第三个插入口。
12.
Opportunists |
Competitors |
|
|
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
答案是:Opportunists:
3,4,6,9
Competitor: 2,5,8
文章是现象解释说明型;文章把物种分为两大类型,机会主义者和竞争者。
第一段讲一个生物的能量消耗,生长,繁殖,新陈代谢。能量的分配就和金融预算类似。
第二段讲能量分配最大的区别在于生长和繁殖。
第三段引出了机会主义者和竞争者的区别的定义和区别。大部分能量分配到生长的物种
是竞争者,大部分能量分配到繁殖的是机会主义者。
第四段用了蒲公英的例子来讲机会主义者。它们用最少的能量搭建了一个散播种子的平台。它们的种子要降落到竞争者都被移除的地方才能生存。
第五段讲机会主义者为了抵消被竞争物种排挤,它们要不断入侵新的地方。比如农场,很多杂草都是机会主义者。
第六段讲机会主义者短命且容易受到自然灾害的影响,一定时期内数量会不断改变。
第七段用橡树为例子讲了竞争者。最后还说自然界很少有纯机会主义者或纯竞争者,大多都是两者的混合。