高考英语“七选五阅读”答题技巧与专题训练

【考点归纳】

“七选五”型阅读理解题，试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”

此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。

该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。

“七选五阅读”常见设题类型

一）词汇复现型

“词汇复现”是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章前后复现，根据复现的词汇进行选择是一个重要的参考点，能帮助考生尽快缩小范围。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

【2015·全国卷Ⅰ】

39.________  If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust tested or violated.

· You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40.________ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

 

C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.

【解析】

39．C　根据后句“If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.”可知此段主要讲述不要一直认为自己是受害者。Victim一词是复现的关键词。故选C。

40. G。根据前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.和后一句Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. Positive一词是复现的关键词。故选G。

【答题技巧】

1）从意思上判断

在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。

2）从词汇上锁定线索

做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。

3）从关联词上查找

由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。　　在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。上一段材料中第40题后面的Instead一词就是很重要的一个关联词。

【基础达标】

【2016·全国卷Ⅲ】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Everyone knows that fish is good for health.  __16__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult.  __17__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

__18__  Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh.  __19__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.

There are many common methods used to cook fish.  __20__  First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.

A. Do not buy it.

B. The easiest is to steam it.

C. This is how you can do it.

D. It just requires a little knowledge.

E．The fish will go bad within hours.

F．When buying fish, you should first smell it.

G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

【解析】

16.G。由上一句的Everyone knows that fish is good for health.可知下一句很自然会谈到The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

 

17. D　上文提及“买鱼、贮存鱼和烹饪鱼不难”，下一句说“本文就是有关如何购买鱼，并用简易的方法烹饪鱼的”，所以空格处应该是说“买鱼、储存鱼和烹饪鱼要求具备一些相关的知识”。故选D项。

18. F　由空格后的句子说“新鲜的鱼闻起来应该味道鲜美”可知上一句应该是说“你买鱼的时候应该首先闻一闻”。故选F项。

19. A　由上一句说“任何鱼腥味或者难闻的腥臭味都意味着鱼不新鲜了”可知下一句应该是说 “不要买这样的鱼”。故选A项。

20. B　空格前的句子说“烹饪鱼有多种常见的方法”，后面介绍蒸鱼的步骤，由此可知空格处的句子应该是关于蒸鱼的。故选B项。

【能力提升】

【2016·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A garden that’s just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?  16  . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

●___17   

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).  18  . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

   Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.  19  --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.  20  then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters

D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have

【答案】16. F   17. A   18. E   19. C   20. G

【解析】

16.F。文章第一句以问题的形式引出主题，很自然地会过渡到F选项，“你也可以在自己的花园里...”

17.A 根据本段前两句“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).”可知不同人对花园有不同的看法，再倒数第二句“然而，有很多能够解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺。故A项正确。

18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。

19.C 根据前句“......那些都不重要”可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。

20.G 本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园，要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。故G项与上下文一致。

【技巧点拨】

     七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的特征词，推断出主题句。17.题我们根据倒数第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故A项为本段主题句。

   当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：

   1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

   2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。 

【终极闯关】

【2016·全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Secret codes (密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

   People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

   There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”

   A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

【答案】

36.-40 D E G.F A

【解析】

36.D。考查上下文的判断和理解能力。由后一句内容可知该句和code breaking 有关。

37.E考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。

38.G考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故G选项内容Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.符合语境。

39.F考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.可以起到承上启下的作用。

40.A考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项It is very hard to break a code without the code book.符合语境。

 

二）代词指代型

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

【2015·全国卷Ⅰ】Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences. 36.________  Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

B．It is putting confidence in someone.

【解析】36．B　根据前一句“Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences.”可知选B。选项B中的it代指上文出现的trust。

【2015·全国卷Ⅱ】

When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double­check the fit.__37__．As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

E． If they still feel good，you can begin running in them

【解析】37.E。选项中代词them指的是上文提到的shoes。

【技巧点拨】

1)如果问题在段首
　　(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
　　(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。　　
　　(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2)如果问题在段尾
　　(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
　　(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
　　(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
　　(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。
　　(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。

　(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。

3)如果问题是一整个自然段

(a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。

(b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。

(c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。

【基础达标】

【湖南省郴州市2017届高三上学期第一次教学质量监测】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Do you want to know how to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle? Here is a short list of ways that you can help protect the environment.

    ★Prevent energy leaks（泄漏）at home.

    Heating and cooling can make up to 50 percent of your energy bill each month.    36 So you'll save money and reduce your influence on the environment.

    ★Plant trees in your yard and community.

    Everyone knows that planting trees can help the environment.    37    Trees cool your home, reducing the energy used for cooling. Trees improve mental health. Trees reduce noise pollution.

    ★  38

    If you use ceiling fans during hot summer days, you can create a cooling environment. A few ceiling or regular fans properly placed in your home can reduce the amount of time you spend with the air conditioning on.

    ★Use solar energy more often.

    39    There are lots of inexpensive solar products you can try out. For example, solar-powered lights. How about solar cell phone chargers? Additionally, there are many forms of passive solar energy that can help you take advantage of the sun.

    ★Think about green transportation.

    Just sit and think about a few environmentally friendly ways you can get from one place to another.    40    You can walk or bike to the corner store. Walking instead of driving to a store is a great way to help the environment!

    A. Trees have many good influences.

    B. Use natural wind to dry your clothes.

    C. There are many ways to use solar power.

    D. Use ceiling fans to cool off in summer.

    E. You can take a bus when going to the movie theater.

    F. Turn off lights and electronic devices when you're not using them.

    G. You can heat and cool your home more efficiently by fixing leaks.

【解析】

36.G。特征提示关键词是leaks。

37.A 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：每个人都知道种树对环境有益；空后的意思是：树木能使你的家里变的凉爽。所以这里选A（树木有很多好的作用。）与上下文一致。

38.D考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：如果你夏天用吊扇，那么你就创造了一个清爽的能源。所以这里选D（在夏天用吊扇来散凉。）与上下文一致。

39.C考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：更多的使用太阳能。空后的意思是：有很多便宜的太阳能产品，你可以试试。所以这里选C（有很多方式使用太阳能。）与上下文一致。

40.E考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：坐着想想还有什么从这儿到那儿的环境友好的生活方式。空后的意思是：你可以步行或者骑自行车到街角的商店。所以这里选E（当你去电影院的时候你可以乘公交车。）与上下文一致。

【能力提升】

【河南省开封市2017届高三上学期定位考试（10月）英语试题】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nowadays it’s not easy to find a suitable job. Follow these tips, and possibly you can find a job that suits your personality.

● List your strong and weak points

Before you start your job search, take some time to think about your strong and weak points. 36   If you are excellent at managing your time, for example, a job in project management, or one that involves organizing others, could be perfect.

● Ask others for their opinions

Although you should know yourself better than anyone else, there are times when a second opinion is needed.   37   They may come up with ideas that you haven’t considered. You should, however, make sure that they aren’t so protective of you that they persuade you not to push yourself, or encourage you so much that you aim too high.

● Find out what potential jobs involve

  38   Make sure you do as much research as possible to determine exactly what you will have to do. An office job may sound very safe if you are shy, but if you then find that you have to give regular presentations, you may not be cut out for it after all.

●   39  

When looking for a job, many people have an idea of what they would like to be in the future. However, that is often little more than a dream and, even if it’ s possible to reach that goal, it may involve years of hard work that you don’t enjoy.   40   If you can find a job that mirrors what makes you happy in life, it is likely that you will enjoy it and it will match your personality type.

A.Take a personality test

B. Consider what delights you

C. Think about what makes you happy and then analyze why.

D. Finding a job that suits your personality is very easy and interesting.

E. Ask your friends and family what sort of job they think would suit you best.

F. Sometimes, it isn’t immediately obvious what a job will involve until you start it.

G, More importantly, think about how they would affect your ability to do particular jobs.

 
37.E 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：尽管你比任何人都更了解自己，但是有时候有一个不同的观点也是需要的；空后的意思是：他们可能会提出你没有考虑的想法。所以这里选E（问你的朋友和家人，他们认为哪种工作更适合你。）与上下文一致。

38.F考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：确保你做了大量的研究来决定你必须做什么。所以这里选F（有时候直到你开始工作时，你才会知道工作包含什么。）与上下文一致。

39.B考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：空后的意思是：许多人在找工作时都会想在未来工作会是什么样子。。所以这里选B（考虑是什么使你开心。）与上下文一致。

40.C考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：即使有可能实现目标，也会是几年的努力工作。空后的意思是：如果你能找一份使你开心的工作。所以这里选C（想一想什么使你开心，为什么。）与上下文一致。

【终极闯关】

【湖南省衡阳市第八中学2017届高三实验班第一次质检】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference．   36   .

Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.      37  . After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物).   38   .That means harmful material may get into our food supply.

   39   . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works—where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.                                      

The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics.      40   . And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.

But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.

A. Then, fish may eat the plastics.

B. But people can make a big difference.

C. Plastics should be gathered together and reused.

D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.

E. It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use.

F. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.

G．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.

 

 

三）逻辑关系型

根据上下文的语境及逻辑关系进行推理找到正确答案是阅读填空最常见的命题形式。试题中常出现的表示逻辑关系的词及短语通常有以下四类：
　(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more

　(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course

　(c)转折让步关系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of

   (d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。

 

【2015·北京卷】

This way to dreamland

Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.__71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?

First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__

Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.__75__

Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.

B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relativity, Coke or Post­it notes.

D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self­control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.

G．Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're  in the daydream zone.

72. C 　考查逻辑例证。本段谈做白日梦的好处，greatest ideas  and achievements是关键词，所以本空可以用例证说明greatest ideas and achievements指什么。

73. A 　考查逻辑关系。本段开篇提出做白日梦的机会(opportunities)，后面提出增加机会的方法，三句为并列关系，阐述做什么能够帮助人更好地进入白日梦的状态，因此A选项中的关键词also helps最为符合。

74. E 　考查逻辑关系。整段阐述如何做到专注，与E选项中的self­control，stay calm and attentive相匹配。故选E。

75. G 　考查逻辑关系。本段段首提出“…never know what wonderful idea might strike…”，后面应该提供具体的应对策略，所以建议最好随时把好的想法记录下来。而记录所需要的重要工具就是G选项中的notebook(笔记本)和voice recorder(录音设备)。故选G。

【技巧点拨】

1)如果问题在段首
　　(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
　　(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。　　
　　(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
　　2)如果问题在段尾
　　(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
　　(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
　　(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
　　(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。
　　(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
　　(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
　　3)如果问题是一整个自然段
　　(a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。
　　(b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。
　　(c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。

【基础达标】

【江西师范大学附属中学2017届高三10月月考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

With the summer holiday just around the corner, it seems like everybody is busy planning their vacations. Here are some tips that can help you enjoy your holiday without emptying your pocket.

Travel off-season

Go to your desired destination while the demand is low and take advantage of huge discounts. During the peak season, the hotel and flight prices increase quickly, and you’ll likely spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists.    36  

  37  ]

Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms. Look for places that do not charge extra for children if they use the existing bedding. Stay with the locals. If you and your family are going to stay for a longer period, renting a small apartment is a good choice.

Eat like a local

   Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new? Planning your meals is another way to reduce your travel costs. During your family trip, try new food where the locals eat.  38   For smaller meals and snacks, avoid restaurants and try street food or other takeout.

Don’t hesitate to bargain]

Tourist- heavy places are known for overcharging for just about everything.

Clothes, travel goodies, souvenirs, etc. are very expensive at these places. For this reason, you shouldn’t feel ashamed to ask for bargains.  39  

Choose local transportation

As a tourist, avoid taking taxis whenever possible, since they are expensive.

 40   If you are planning to stay for a while, you can consider renting a car. Hiring a car is much easier than carrying your bags everywhere if you are moving around a lot.

A. Save on hotels.

B. Surf the Internet while traveling.

C. Therefore, avoid buying anything there.

D. So it’s best to find out when the off-season starts.

E. This will not only save money, but offer you a new and different experience.

F. Bargain hard to get the best price.

G. Instead, take buses, railways or subways, which are always cheaper.

38.E考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据横线前一句Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new?当你能够经历一些新鲜东西的时候为什么要在大的连锁酒店吃呢？另外计划饮食也可以降低旅游开支。根据句意能够将两句前后串联。故E项正确。
39.F考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据横线前所述可知旅游中花费很高，由于这个原因，对于旅游中的便宜货不应感到羞愧。故F正确。
40.G考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据标题选择当地交通可知下文应与交通有关，另外还提到了这个篇文章的主题，即避免出租车，因为他们昂贵。故G正确

【能力提升】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

What problems do you have with your study? Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. __36__

Study Techniques

    You should always study in the same place. You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose. __37__ Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary.  

    __38__ Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.

    Test-taking Skills

    All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means: do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months.

    __39__ Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too.

    When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. ___40___

A. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.  

B. Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface.

C. If so, use these tips to help you.

D. Be realistic and don’t try to complete too much in one study period.

E. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax.  

F. You will have enough energy to deal with your study and exams by eating healthy diet.

G. Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure.

【解析】

试题分析：注意力不集中既影响学习能力又影响考试成绩，作者就怎样集中注意力给了我们一些建议。

36.C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲学习考试中遇到的具体问题，尤其是注意力不集中影响学习能力和考试成绩。是提出问题，C项：如果这样，下面建议会帮助你。引出下文的解决方法承上启下，故选C.

37.E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲要选择合适的学习地点，目的是学习不是其他。E项：如果你坐在沙发上学习，大脑就会认为该休息了。是对上句的具体解释，故选E.

38.D考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。下文讲完成一件事再开始另一件，不要同时做几件事。D项：现实一些不要在同一学习阶段完成太多。与下文一致，故选D.

【终极闯关】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Job interviewing never seems to get any easier—even when you have gone on more interviews than you can count.  36  Here are job interview tips to help prepare you to interview effectively.

Practice

Practice answering interview questions and practice your responses to the typical job interview questions and answers most employers ask. Think of concrete examples you can use to highlight your skills.

Research

Do your homework about the employer and the industry so you are ready for the question What do you know about this company.  37  If you’re not sure of the name, call and ask ahead of the interview. Try to relate what you have learned about the company when answering questions.

 38  

Make sure your interview dress is neat, tidy and appropriate for the type of firm you are interviewing with. Bring a nice folder with copies of your resume. Include a pen and paper for note taking.

Be On Time]

 39  Try to arrive at the interview on time. Being on time means five to ten minutes early. If necessary, take some time to drive to the interview location ahead of time.

Stay Calm]

During the job interview try to relax and stay as calm as possible .  40  Maintain eye contact with the interviewer. Listen to the entire question (active listening) before you answer and pay attention.

Show What You Know

Try to relate what you know about the company when answering questions and use examples from your research when answering related questions.

A. Get Ready.

B. Check yourself.

C. Never be late for the interview.

D. Keep it in mind that actions speak louder than words.

E. Know the interviewer’s name and use it during the job interview.

F. However, invest a little time ahead of the interview and it will be much easier to handle.

G. Remember your body languages as much as your answers to the questions.

38.A考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲提前准备合适的穿着、简历、纸笔，这些都是提前的准备工作，A项概括全段，故选A.

39.C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲面试要准时，C项：面试不要迟到，符合本段内容，故选C.

40.G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲面试要保持镇静，G项讲肢体语言的具体运用，符合本段内容，故选G.